See peruse on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "perusable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "perusal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "peruser"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "perūtor"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin perūtor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "peruser",
"4": "",
"5": "use up"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman peruser (“use up”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per-",
"3": "use"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, per- + use",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From either Medieval Latin perūtor, perūsitō (“wear out”)) or Anglo-Norman peruser (“use up”)), originally leading to two concurrent meanings, but only those derived from \"to examine\" survive today. By surface analysis, per- + use.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "peruses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perusing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perused",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "perused",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "peruse (third-person singular simple present peruses, present participle perusing, simple past and past participle perused)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter IV, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 58:",
"text": "Sitting on a low stool, a few yards from her arm-chair, I examined her figure; I perused her features.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To examine or consider with care."
],
"id": "en-peruse-en-verb-u6~BhECb",
"links": [
[
"examine",
"examine"
],
[
"consider",
"consider"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To examine or consider with care."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "četa vnimatelno",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "чета внимателно"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Xì dú",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "细读"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Yándú",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "研读"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "prostudovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "prozkoumat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "zorgvuldig onderzoeken"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "tutkia"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "examiner"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "studieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "genau unter die Lupe nehmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "exetázo",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "εξετάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "áttanulmányoz"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "szemügyre vesz"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "examinar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"alt": "внима́тельно (vnimátelʹno)",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izučátʹ",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "изуча́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izučítʹ",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "изучи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rassmátrivatʹ",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рассма́тривать"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rassmotrétʹ",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "рассмотре́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "preštudovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "preskúmať"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "examinar"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 0 10 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "granska"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1647, William Petty, The Advice to Hartlib:",
"text": "This survey may be made by perusing al Books and taking notice of all Mechanicall Inventions.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "We are for reasons that, after perusing this manuscript, you may be able to guess, going away again this time to Central Asia […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Simon & Schuster, page 81:",
"text": "Not every German who bought a copy of Mein Kampf necessarily read it. […]But it might be argued that had more non-Nazi Germans read it before 1933 and had the foreign statesmen of the world perused it carefully while there still was time, both Germany and the world might have been saved from catastrophe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To read completely."
],
"id": "en-peruse-en-verb-en:read_completely",
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To read completely."
],
"senseid": [
"en:read completely"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "přečíst"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "pročíst"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "lukea huolellisesti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "durchlesen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "meletó",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "μελετώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "végigolvas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "lesa gaumgæfilega"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "lesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "parkurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "parlektar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "aalhaih"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "okumak",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "اوقومق"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to read completely",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ler todo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pročítyvatʹ",
"sense": "to read completely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "прочи́тывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 99 1 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pročitátʹ",
"sense": "to read completely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "прочита́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 5 4 72 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 13 37 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with per-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 7 69 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 8 65 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 7 6 74 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 6 63 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 5 63 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 10 58 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 6 63 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 10 59 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 7 63 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 9 52 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 7 5 56 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 6 63 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 7 71 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 5 59 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 6 63 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manx translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 6 5 58 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 6 64 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 7 68 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 6 63 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 8 67 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 6 65 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2001, Doug Stanton, In Harm's Way: The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis, →ISBN, page 35:",
"text": "Haynes quickly perused the message, then took it to the captain on the bridge.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Al Lovejoy, Acid Alex, →ISBN, page 98:",
"text": "She asked Denise for the court file, which she fussed from her handbag. The woman perused it briefly and then beamed up at me.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look over casually; to skim."
],
"id": "en-peruse-en-verb-MeYQvuUv",
"links": [
[
"look over",
"look over"
],
[
"skim",
"skim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, informal) To look over casually; to skim."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "prohlédnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "přelétnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "jeter un coup d’œil"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "survoler"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "feuilleter"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "überfliegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "átolvas"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "átfut"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "áttekint"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prosmátrivatʹ",
"sense": "look over casually",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "просма́тривать"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prosmotrétʹ",
"sense": "look over casually",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "просмотре́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "ojear"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "hojear"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "leer por encima"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "ver por encima"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 0 90 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "leer a la rápida"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1957, Robert Ruark, The Old Man And The Boy, →ISBN, page 55:",
"text": "I loved to straggle off in the mornings […], just perusing around for firewood.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go from place to place; to wander."
],
"id": "en-peruse-en-verb--ev-8Vsg",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"wander",
"wander"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, regional) To go from place to place; to wander."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹuːz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-peruse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-peruse.ogg/En-us-peruse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-peruse.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-peruse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-au-peruse.ogg/En-au-peruse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-au-peruse.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːz"
}
],
"word": "peruse"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "perūtor"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin perūtor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "peruser",
"4": "",
"5": "use up"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman peruser (“use up”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per-",
"3": "use"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, per- + use",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From either Medieval Latin perūtor, perūsitō (“wear out”)) or Anglo-Norman peruser (“use up”)), originally leading to two concurrent meanings, but only those derived from \"to examine\" survive today. By surface analysis, per- + use.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "peruses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "peruse (plural peruses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008 September 12, Dave Robson, “Hi-tea, low cost!”, in Evening Gazette:",
"text": "A peruse of the website looked promising […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An examination or perusal; an instance of perusing."
],
"id": "en-peruse-en-noun-l3vT~1l5",
"links": [
[
"examination",
"examination"
],
[
"perusal",
"perusal"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vnimatelno razgleždane",
"word": "внимателно разглеждане"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Xì dú",
"word": "细读"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Yándú",
"word": "研读"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "tutkimus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "tarkastelu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "examen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "áttekintés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "átolvasás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "áttanulmányozás"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rassmotrenije",
"word": "рассмотрение"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹuːz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-peruse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-peruse.ogg/En-us-peruse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-peruse.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-peruse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-au-peruse.ogg/En-au-peruse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-au-peruse.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːz"
}
],
"word": "peruse"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form"
},
"expansion": "peruse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perusus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative masculine singular of perusus"
],
"id": "en-peruse-la-verb-eW~plv5T",
"links": [
[
"perusus",
"perusus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "peruse"
}
{
"categories": [
"English contranyms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proscribed terms",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms prefixed with per-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːz",
"Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "perusable"
},
{
"word": "perusal"
},
{
"word": "peruser"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "perūtor"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin perūtor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "peruser",
"4": "",
"5": "use up"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman peruser (“use up”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per-",
"3": "use"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, per- + use",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From either Medieval Latin perūtor, perūsitō (“wear out”)) or Anglo-Norman peruser (“use up”)), originally leading to two concurrent meanings, but only those derived from \"to examine\" survive today. By surface analysis, per- + use.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "peruses",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perusing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perused",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "perused",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "peruse (third-person singular simple present peruses, present participle perusing, simple past and past participle perused)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter IV, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 58:",
"text": "Sitting on a low stool, a few yards from her arm-chair, I examined her figure; I perused her features.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To examine or consider with care."
],
"links": [
[
"examine",
"examine"
],
[
"consider",
"consider"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To examine or consider with care."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1647, William Petty, The Advice to Hartlib:",
"text": "This survey may be made by perusing al Books and taking notice of all Mechanicall Inventions.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "We are for reasons that, after perusing this manuscript, you may be able to guess, going away again this time to Central Asia […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960, William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Simon & Schuster, page 81:",
"text": "Not every German who bought a copy of Mein Kampf necessarily read it. […]But it might be argued that had more non-Nazi Germans read it before 1933 and had the foreign statesmen of the world perused it carefully while there still was time, both Germany and the world might have been saved from catastrophe.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To read completely."
],
"links": [
[
"read",
"read"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To read completely."
],
"senseid": [
"en:read completely"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2001, Doug Stanton, In Harm's Way: The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis, →ISBN, page 35:",
"text": "Haynes quickly perused the message, then took it to the captain on the bridge.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Al Lovejoy, Acid Alex, →ISBN, page 98:",
"text": "She asked Denise for the court file, which she fussed from her handbag. The woman perused it briefly and then beamed up at me.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To look over casually; to skim."
],
"links": [
[
"look over",
"look over"
],
[
"skim",
"skim"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, informal) To look over casually; to skim."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Regional English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1957, Robert Ruark, The Old Man And The Boy, →ISBN, page 55:",
"text": "I loved to straggle off in the mornings […], just perusing around for firewood.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go from place to place; to wander."
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"wander",
"wander"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, regional) To go from place to place; to wander."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹuːz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-peruse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-peruse.ogg/En-us-peruse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-peruse.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-peruse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-au-peruse.ogg/En-au-peruse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-au-peruse.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːz"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "četa vnimatelno",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "чета внимателно"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Xì dú",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "细读"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Yándú",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "研读"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "prostudovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "prozkoumat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "zorgvuldig onderzoeken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "tutkia"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "examiner"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "studieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "genau unter die Lupe nehmen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "exetázo",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "εξετάζω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "áttanulmányoz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "szemügyre vesz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "examinar"
},
{
"alt": "внима́тельно (vnimátelʹno)",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izučátʹ",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "изуча́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izučítʹ",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "изучи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rassmátrivatʹ",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рассма́тривать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rassmotrétʹ",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "рассмотре́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "preštudovať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "preskúmať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "examinar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to examine or consider with care",
"word": "granska"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "přečíst"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "pročíst"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "lukea huolellisesti"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "durchlesen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "meletó",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "μελετώ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "végigolvas"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "lesa gaumgæfilega"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "lesa"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "parkurar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "parlektar"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "aalhaih"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "okumak",
"sense": "to read completely",
"word": "اوقومق"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to read completely",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ler todo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pročítyvatʹ",
"sense": "to read completely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "прочи́тывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pročitátʹ",
"sense": "to read completely",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "прочита́ть"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "prohlédnout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "přelétnout"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "jeter un coup d’œil"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "survoler"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "feuilleter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "überfliegen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "átolvas"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "átfut"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "áttekint"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prosmátrivatʹ",
"sense": "look over casually",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "просма́тривать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prosmotrétʹ",
"sense": "look over casually",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "просмотре́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "ojear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "hojear"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "leer por encima"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "ver por encima"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "look over casually",
"word": "leer a la rápida"
}
],
"word": "peruse"
}
{
"categories": [
"English contranyms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proscribed terms",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms prefixed with per-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Bulgarian translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːz",
"Rhymes:English/uːz/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "perūtor"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin perūtor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "peruser",
"4": "",
"5": "use up"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman peruser (“use up”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "per-",
"3": "use"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, per- + use",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From either Medieval Latin perūtor, perūsitō (“wear out”)) or Anglo-Norman peruser (“use up”)), originally leading to two concurrent meanings, but only those derived from \"to examine\" survive today. By surface analysis, per- + use.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "peruses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "peruse (plural peruses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008 September 12, Dave Robson, “Hi-tea, low cost!”, in Evening Gazette:",
"text": "A peruse of the website looked promising […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An examination or perusal; an instance of perusing."
],
"links": [
[
"examination",
"examination"
],
[
"perusal",
"perusal"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈɹuːz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-peruse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-peruse.ogg/En-us-peruse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-peruse.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-peruse.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-au-peruse.ogg/En-au-peruse.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-au-peruse.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːz"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vnimatelno razgleždane",
"word": "внимателно разглеждане"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Xì dú",
"word": "细读"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Yándú",
"word": "研读"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "tutkimus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "tarkastelu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "examen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "áttekintés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "átolvasás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "áttanulmányozás"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rassmotrenije",
"word": "рассмотрение"
}
],
"word": "peruse"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form"
},
"expansion": "peruse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin participle forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perusus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative masculine singular of perusus"
],
"links": [
[
"perusus",
"perusus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "peruse"
}
Download raw JSONL data for peruse meaning in All languages combined (15.7kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2517",
"msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: trans-top-see {1: 'perusal', 2: 'perusal'}",
"path": [
"peruse",
"Template:trans-top-see",
"TEMPLATE_FN"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "peruse",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.