See penology on Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for penology meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, punishment"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena (“penalty, punishment”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ology"
},
"expansion": "+ -ology",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena (“penalty, punishment”) + -ology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penologies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "penology (countable and uncountable, plural penologies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hokkien translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Study of the processes devised and adopted for the punishment and prevention of crime."
],
"id": "en-penology-en-noun-LKF~GA-u",
"links": [
[
"Study",
"study#English"
],
[
"processes",
"processes"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"prevention",
"prevention"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "penologic"
},
{
"word": "penological"
},
{
"word": "penologically"
},
{
"word": "penologist"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pœnology"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "poenology"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕilm al-ʕiqāb",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "عِلْم الْعِقَاب"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "penologija",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пенология"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "Hêng-hoa̍t-ha̍k"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "刑罰學"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xíngfá xué",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "刑罚学"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penologie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penologie"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénologie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pönologie"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "büntetésügy"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "kriminológia"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penologi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penologia"
},
{
"alt": "ぎょうけいがく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gyōkei-gaku",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "行刑学"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "haenghyeonghak",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "행형학"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penologija"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "keyfaršenâsi",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "کیفرشناسی"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "penologija",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пенология"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пенологија"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penológia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penología"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penologi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penoloji"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"penology"
]
}
],
"word": "penology"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, punishment"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena (“penalty, punishment”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ology"
},
"expansion": "+ -ology",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena (“penalty, punishment”) + -ology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penologies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "penology (countable and uncountable, plural penologies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "penologic"
},
{
"word": "penological"
},
{
"word": "penologically"
},
{
"word": "penologist"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey-",
"English terms suffixed with -ology",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"glosses": [
"Study of the processes devised and adopted for the punishment and prevention of crime."
],
"links": [
[
"Study",
"study#English"
],
[
"processes",
"processes"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"prevention",
"prevention"
],
[
"crime",
"crime"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"wikipedia": [
"penology"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pœnology"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "poenology"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕilm al-ʕiqāb",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "عِلْم الْعِقَاب"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "penologija",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пенология"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "Hêng-hoa̍t-ha̍k"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "刑罰學"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xíngfá xué",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "刑罚学"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penologie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penologie"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénologie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pönologie"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "büntetésügy"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "kriminológia"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penologi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penologia"
},
{
"alt": "ぎょうけいがく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gyōkei-gaku",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "行刑学"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "haenghyeonghak",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "행형학"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penologija"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "keyfaršenâsi",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "کیفرشناسی"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "penologija",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пенология"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пенологија"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penológia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penología"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penologi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "study of punishment and prevention of crime",
"word": "penoloji"
}
],
"word": "penology"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (e79c026 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.