See patronal on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for patronal meaning in All languages combined (17.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "lena"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "patronalis"
},
"expansion": "patronalis",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "patronal"
},
"expansion": "French patronal",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin\n patronalis; compare French patronal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more patronal",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most patronal",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "patronal (comparative more patronal, superlative most patronal)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Michael Bhaskar, The Content Machine",
"text": "Nor has the state lost its patronal role, with ministries of culture and publicly funded arts bodies sustaining the cultural economy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"patron; protecting; favouring"
],
"id": "en-patronal-en-adj-X3lZccyX",
"links": [
[
"patron",
"patron"
],
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"favour",
"favour"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, Dietrich Denecke, Gareth Shaw, Alan R H Baker, Urban Historical Geography: Recent Progress in Britain and Germany",
"text": "Aristocratic involvement in the development of towns and cities in nineteenth-entury Britain has long been recognised, but much less attention has been paid to the character of the patronal relationships which existed between aristocratic urban landlords and their tenantry.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Zeba A. Crook, Reconceptualising Conversion",
"text": "Manumission loyalty also offers us insights into how ancient conversion might look in a context of patronage and benefaction, for slaves did not change patrons when they attained their freedom, but rather underwent a considerable change within the patronal relationship.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Henry E. Hale, Patronal Politics, page 455",
"text": "In considering how the preceding analysis relates to the rest of the world, one can think of the post-Soviet countries as providing something like a pristine context in which to study the fundamental characteristics of patronal politics.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to a strong authoritarian leader who controls access to resources."
],
"id": "en-patronal-en-adj-KoyRWxGK"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈtɹəʊnəl/"
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tancament patronal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "patrōnālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin patrōnālis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin patrōnālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patronals",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "patronal m or f (masculine and feminine plural patronals)",
"name": "ca-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"patronal"
],
"id": "en-patronal-ca-adj-mIgIHy3J",
"links": [
[
"patronal",
"patronal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 16 42 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 30 32 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan feminine nouns with no feminine ending",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "saint's day",
"text": "festa patronal",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"patron saint"
],
"id": "en-patronal-ca-adj-q-dksjFM",
"links": [
[
"patron saint",
"patron saint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) patron saint"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 16 42 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 30 32 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan feminine nouns with no feminine ending",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "employers' organization",
"text": "organització patronal",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"owner, employer, management"
],
"id": "en-patronal-ca-adj-oJ7G~Th6",
"links": [
[
"owner",
"owner"
],
[
"employer",
"employer"
],
[
"management",
"management"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) owner, employer, management"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pə.tɾuˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pə.tɾoˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pa.tɾoˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "patrōnālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin patrōnālis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin patrōnālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patronals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "patronal f (plural patronals)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 16 42 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 30 32 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan feminine nouns with no feminine ending",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 18 35 47",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Business",
"orig": "ca:Business",
"parents": [
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 30 25 45",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "ca:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"employers' organization"
],
"id": "en-patronal-ca-noun-ZaGYddjo",
"links": [
[
"employers",
"employers"
],
[
"organization",
"organization"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pə.tɾuˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pə.tɾoˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pa.tɾoˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "patron",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "patron + -al",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "patronale"
},
"expansion": "Italian patronale",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From patron + -al. Compare Italian patronale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patronale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "patronaux",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "patronal (feminine patronale, masculine plural patronaux, feminine plural patronales)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"saint"
],
"id": "en-patronal-fr-adj-i0m9omBv",
"links": [
[
"saint",
"saint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) saint"
],
"tags": [
"relational"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"employer's"
],
"id": "en-patronal-fr-adj-yzH~CjzU",
"links": [
[
"employer",
"employer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) employer's"
],
"tags": [
"relational"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-patronal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-patronal.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-patronal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-patronal.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-patronal.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "patronais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hascomp": "no"
},
"expansion": "patronal m or f (plural patronais, not comparable)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pa‧tro‧nal"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "entidade patronal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"employer"
],
"id": "en-patronal-pt-adj-jv31VyTJ",
"links": [
[
"employer",
"employer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) employer"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"not-comparable",
"relational"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.tɾoˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pa.tɾoˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.tɾuˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɐ.tɾuˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.tɾuˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɐ.tɾuˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.tɾuˈna.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aw"
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "patronal",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French patronal",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "patronal"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French patronal",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "patron",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, patron + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French patronal. By surface analysis, patron + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patronală",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronali",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronale",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "patronal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronală",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "patronal m or n (feminine singular patronală, masculine plural patronali, feminine and neuter plural patronale)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"patronal"
],
"id": "en-patronal-ro-adj-mIgIHy3J",
"links": [
[
"patronal",
"patronal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"relating to an employer"
],
"id": "en-patronal-ro-adj-Mzoel8jC",
"links": [
[
"employer",
"employer"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cierre patronal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "patrono",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "patrono + -al",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "patrón",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "patrón + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From patrono + -al or patrón + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patronales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "patronal m or f (masculine and feminine plural patronales)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 0 8 29 0 26 2 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"patron saint"
],
"id": "en-patronal-es-adj-q-dksjFM",
"links": [
[
"patron saint",
"patron saint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) patron saint"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"patronal"
],
"id": "en-patronal-es-adj-mIgIHy3J",
"links": [
[
"patronal",
"patronal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"owner of a house where someone is a guest"
],
"id": "en-patronal-es-adj-0DP7TjuK",
"links": [
[
"owner",
"owner"
],
[
"guest",
"guest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) owner of a house where someone is a guest"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 0 8 32 0 21 1 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 0 8 29 0 26 2 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"employer"
],
"id": "en-patronal-es-adj-jv31VyTJ",
"links": [
[
"employer",
"employer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) employer"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"management"
],
"id": "en-patronal-es-adj-KIllofLI",
"links": [
[
"management",
"management"
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],
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"(relational) management"
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"tags": [
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
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{
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{
"_dis": "14 0 8 29 0 26 2 20",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"glosses": [
"skipper"
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"id": "en-patronal-es-adj-z3JK~FBR",
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[
"nautical",
"nautical"
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[
"skipper",
"skipper"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, relational) skipper"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "patrón",
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"expansion": "patrón + -al",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From patrono + -al or patrón + -al.",
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{
"form": "patronales",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
],
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{
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"management",
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},
{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
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"employers"
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"id": "en-patronal-es-noun-Tde2nbho",
"links": [
[
"employer",
"employer"
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],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Catalan adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
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"Catalan feminine nouns with no feminine ending",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ca:Business",
"ca:Collectives"
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"derived": [
{
"word": "tancament patronal"
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],
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{
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"2": "la",
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"expansion": "Latin patrōnālis",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Latin patrōnālis.",
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{
"form": "patronals",
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"masculine",
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}
],
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{
"glosses": [
"patronal"
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[
"patronal",
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],
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"feminine",
"masculine"
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},
{
"categories": [
"Catalan relational adjectives",
"Catalan terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "saint's day",
"text": "festa patronal",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"patron saint"
],
"links": [
[
"patron saint",
"patron saint"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) patron saint"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Catalan relational adjectives",
"Catalan terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "employers' organization",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"owner, employer, management"
],
"links": [
[
"owner",
"owner"
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[
"employer",
"employer"
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[
"management",
"management"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) owner, employer, management"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pə.tɾuˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pə.tɾoˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pa.tɾoˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjectives",
"Catalan adjectives with red links in their headword lines",
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan epicene adjectives",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan feminine nouns with no feminine ending",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ca:Business",
"ca:Collectives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "patrōnālis"
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"expansion": "Latin patrōnālis",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Latin patrōnālis.",
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{
"form": "patronals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
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"expansion": "patronal f (plural patronals)",
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],
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{
"glosses": [
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[
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[
"organization",
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],
"tags": [
"feminine"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pə.tɾuˈnal]",
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},
{
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"Balearic"
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},
{
"ipa": "[pa.tɾoˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "patronal"
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{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English undefined derivations",
"Requests for attention in Latin etymologies"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"expansion": "Latin",
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},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "lena"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "patronalis"
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"expansion": "patronalis",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "patronal"
},
"expansion": "French patronal",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin\n patronalis; compare French patronal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more patronal",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most patronal",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "patronal (comparative more patronal, superlative most patronal)",
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
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{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Michael Bhaskar, The Content Machine",
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"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"patron; protecting; favouring"
],
"links": [
[
"patron",
"patron"
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[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"favour",
"favour"
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]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, Dietrich Denecke, Gareth Shaw, Alan R H Baker, Urban Historical Geography: Recent Progress in Britain and Germany",
"text": "Aristocratic involvement in the development of towns and cities in nineteenth-entury Britain has long been recognised, but much less attention has been paid to the character of the patronal relationships which existed between aristocratic urban landlords and their tenantry.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Zeba A. Crook, Reconceptualising Conversion",
"text": "Manumission loyalty also offers us insights into how ancient conversion might look in a context of patronage and benefaction, for slaves did not change patrons when they attained their freedom, but rather underwent a considerable change within the patronal relationship.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Henry E. Hale, Patronal Politics, page 455",
"text": "In considering how the preceding analysis relates to the rest of the world, one can think of the post-Soviet countries as providing something like a pristine context in which to study the fundamental characteristics of patronal politics.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pertaining to a strong authoritarian leader who controls access to resources."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈtɹəʊnəl/"
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"categories": [
"French adjectives",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French terms suffixed with -al",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "patron",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "patron + -al",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "patronale"
},
"expansion": "Italian patronale",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From patron + -al. Compare Italian patronale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patronale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "patronaux",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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],
"lang": "French",
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{
"categories": [
"French relational adjectives"
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"glosses": [
"saint"
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"links": [
[
"saint",
"saint"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) saint"
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"tags": [
"relational"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French relational adjectives"
],
"glosses": [
"employer's"
],
"links": [
[
"employer",
"employer"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) employer's"
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"tags": [
"relational"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-patronal.wav",
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"text": "Audio"
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],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "entidade patronal"
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],
"forms": [
{
"form": "patronais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hascomp": "no"
},
"expansion": "patronal m or f (plural patronais, not comparable)",
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],
"hyphenation": [
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"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
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{
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"Rhymes:Portuguese/al/3 syllables",
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"Rhymes:Portuguese/aw/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"employer"
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"links": [
[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) employer"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"not-comparable",
"relational"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.tɾoˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pa.tɾoˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.tɾuˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɐ.tɾuˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.tɾuˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
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},
{
"ipa": "[pɐ.tɾuˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɐ.tɾuˈna.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
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},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aw"
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
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],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Borrowed",
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{
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French patronal",
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},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Borrowed from French patronal",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "patron",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, patron + -al",
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French patronal. By surface analysis, patron + -al.",
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{
"form": "patronală",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronali",
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "patronale",
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"neuter",
"plural"
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},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "patronal",
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},
{
"form": "patronală",
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"tags": [
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"nominative",
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},
{
"form": "patronali",
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},
{
"form": "patronale",
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},
{
"form": "patronalul",
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"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
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]
},
{
"form": "patronala",
"source": "declension",
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},
{
"form": "patronalii",
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"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalele",
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"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"genitive",
"indefinite",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"feminine",
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"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"genitive",
"indefinite",
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]
},
{
"form": "patronale",
"source": "declension",
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"feminine",
"genitive",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalilor",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patronalelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "patronal m or n (feminine singular patronală, masculine plural patronali, feminine and neuter plural patronale)",
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}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"glosses": [
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"links": [
[
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],
"tags": [
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"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"relating to an employer"
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"links": [
[
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"employer"
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],
"tags": [
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"neuter"
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}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish epicene adjectives",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms suffixed with -al"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cierre patronal"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "patrono",
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"expansion": "patrono + -al",
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{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "patrón",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "patrón + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From patrono + -al or patrón + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patronales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "patronal m or f (masculine and feminine plural patronales)",
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],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
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"categories": [
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"glosses": [
"patron saint"
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"links": [
[
"patron saint",
"patron saint"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) patron saint"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"patronal"
],
"links": [
[
"patronal",
"patronal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Spanish relational adjectives"
],
"glosses": [
"owner of a house where someone is a guest"
],
"links": [
[
"owner",
"owner"
],
[
"guest",
"guest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) owner of a house where someone is a guest"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Spanish relational adjectives"
],
"glosses": [
"employer"
],
"links": [
[
"employer",
"employer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) employer"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Spanish relational adjectives"
],
"glosses": [
"management"
],
"links": [
[
"management",
"management"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(relational) management"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Spanish relational adjectives",
"es:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"skipper"
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"skipper",
"skipper"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, relational) skipper"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"relational"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish epicene adjectives",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms suffixed with -al"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "patrono",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "patrono + -al",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "patrón",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "patrón + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From patrono + -al or patrón + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patronales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "patronal f (plural patronales)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"management"
],
"links": [
[
"management",
"management"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"employers"
],
"links": [
[
"employer",
"employer"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "patronal"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.