"parthenogenesis" meaning in All languages combined

See parthenogenesis on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˌpɑːθɪnəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˌpɑːθənəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˌpɑɹθɪnoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ [General-American], /ˌpɑɹθənoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ [General-American] Forms: parthenogeneses [plural]
enPR: pär'thĭnōjĕʹnĭsĭs, pär'thənōjĕʹnĭsĭs Etymology: From parthen- + -o- + -genesis, from Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin”) and γένεσις (génesis, “origin, creation, generation”). Etymology templates: {{affix|en|parthen-|-o-|-genesis}} parthen- + -o- + -genesis, {{der|en|grc|παρθένος||virgin}} Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin”), {{m|grc|γένεσις||origin, creation, generation}} γένεσις (génesis, “origin, creation, generation”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-|parthenogeneses}} parthenogenesis (usually uncountable, plural parthenogeneses)
  1. (biology) Referring to various aspects of asexual reproduction:
    (biology, countable, uncountable) (An instance of) reproduction by the development of a single gamete (an ovum or ovule) without fertilisation by a gamete of the opposite sex; compare monogenesis, metagenesis, and heterogamy.
    Tags: countable, uncountable, usually Categories (topical): Biology Translations (reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation): безполово размножаване (bezpolovo razmnožavane) (Bulgarian), 孤雌生殖 (gūcíshēngzhí) (Chinese Mandarin), 單性生殖 (Chinese Mandarin), 单性生殖 (dānxìngshēngzhí) (Chinese Mandarin), partenogeneesi (Finnish), neitseellinen lisääntyminen (Finnish), parthénogenèse (French), Parthenogenese [feminine] (German), παρθενογένεση (parthenogénesi) [feminine] (Greek), szűznemzés [singular] (Hungarian), partanaigineas [masculine] (Irish), 単為生殖 (tan'iseishoku) (Japanese), ұрықтанбай даму (ūryqtanbai damu) (Kazakh), 단위생식 (danwisaengsik) (alt: 單爲生殖) (Korean), partenogeneza [feminine] (Polish), dzieworództwo [neuter] (Polish), partenogênese [Brazil, feminine] (Portuguese), partenogénese [Portugal, feminine] (Portuguese), mimbapweke (Swahili), isahangmulaan (Tagalog), isahangsuplingan (Tagalog), partenogenez (Turkish), партеногене́з (partenohenéz) [masculine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-parthenogenesis-en-noun-du0RMnxa Categories (other): English terms prefixed with parthen-, English terms suffixed with -genesis Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with parthen-: 21 34 15 31 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -genesis: 21 38 6 36 Topics: biology, natural-sciences Disambiguation of 'reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation': 56 30 0 13
  2. (biology) Referring to various aspects of asexual reproduction:
    (biology, uncountable, formerly) Asexual reproduction in toto; agamogenesis.
    Tags: uncountable, usually Categories (topical): Biology
    Sense id: en-parthenogenesis-en-noun-QQ74pD2X Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms interfixed with -o-, English terms prefixed with parthen-, English terms suffixed with -genesis Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 15 47 2 36 Disambiguation of English terms interfixed with -o-: 17 43 7 33 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with parthen-: 21 34 15 31 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -genesis: 21 38 6 36 Topics: biology, natural-sciences
  3. (countable and uncountable) figurative uses of the biological senses Tags: countable, uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-parthenogenesis-en-noun-le5if1GU Categories (other): English terms prefixed with parthen- Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with parthen-: 21 34 15 31
  4. (theology) Virgin birth, in reference to the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ. Tags: uncountable, usually Categories (topical): Theology Translations (virgin birth): непорочно зачатие (neporočno začatie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), neitseestä syntyminen (Finnish), partanaigineas [masculine] (Irish)
    Sense id: en-parthenogenesis-en-noun-7TlS3obn Categories (other): English terms prefixed with parthen-, English terms suffixed with -genesis Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with parthen-: 21 34 15 31 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -genesis: 21 38 6 36 Topics: lifestyle, religion, theology Disambiguation of 'virgin birth': 7 10 1 82
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: parthenogen, parthenogenetic, parthenote

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for parthenogenesis meaning in All languages combined (13.2kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "parthen-",
        "3": "-o-",
        "4": "-genesis"
      },
      "expansion": "parthen- + -o- + -genesis",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "παρθένος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "virgin"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γένεσις",
        "3": "",
        "4": "origin, creation, generation"
      },
      "expansion": "γένεσις (génesis, “origin, creation, generation”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From parthen- + -o- + -genesis, from Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin”) and γένεσις (génesis, “origin, creation, generation”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "parthenogeneses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "parthenogeneses"
      },
      "expansion": "parthenogenesis (usually uncountable, plural parthenogeneses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "par‧the‧no‧gen‧e‧sis"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "parthenogen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "parthenogenetic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "parthenote"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "en:Biology",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 34 15 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with parthen-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 38 6 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -genesis",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008 October 15, \"Virgin Shark Gives Birth\", AFP via Australian Broadcasting Corporation",
          "text": "Scientists say the birth is the second confirmed instance of a shark being conceived by parthenogenesis, a process in which an unfertilised egg develops into a new individual."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Referring to various aspects of asexual reproduction:",
        "(An instance of) reproduction by the development of a single gamete (an ovum or ovule) without fertilisation by a gamete of the opposite sex; compare monogenesis, metagenesis, and heterogamy."
      ],
      "id": "en-parthenogenesis-en-noun-du0RMnxa",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "reproduction",
          "reproduction"
        ],
        [
          "development",
          "development"
        ],
        [
          "gamete",
          "gamete"
        ],
        [
          "ovum",
          "ovum"
        ],
        [
          "ovule",
          "ovule"
        ],
        [
          "fertilisation",
          "fertilisation"
        ],
        [
          "sex",
          "sex"
        ],
        [
          "monogenesis",
          "monogenesis#English"
        ],
        [
          "metagenesis",
          "metagenesis#English"
        ],
        [
          "heterogamy",
          "heterogamy#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) Referring to various aspects of asexual reproduction:",
        "(biology, countable, uncountable) (An instance of) reproduction by the development of a single gamete (an ovum or ovule) without fertilisation by a gamete of the opposite sex; compare monogenesis, metagenesis, and heterogamy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "bezpolovo razmnožavane",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "безполово размножаване"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "gūcíshēngzhí",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "孤雌生殖"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "單性生殖"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dānxìngshēngzhí",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "单性生殖"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "partenogeneesi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "neitseellinen lisääntyminen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "parthénogenèse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Parthenogenese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "parthenogénesi",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "παρθενογένεση"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "tags": [
            "singular"
          ],
          "word": "szűznemzés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "partanaigineas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "tan'iseishoku",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "単為生殖"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "ūryqtanbai damu",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "ұрықтанбай даму"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "alt": "單爲生殖",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "danwisaengsik",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "단위생식"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "partenogeneza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "dzieworództwo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "tags": [
            "Brazil",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "partenogênese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "tags": [
            "Portugal",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "partenogénese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "sw",
          "lang": "Swahili",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "mimbapweke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "isahangmulaan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "isahangsuplingan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "word": "partenogenez"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 30 0 13",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "partenohenéz",
          "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "партеногене́з"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "en:Biology",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 47 2 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 43 7 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms interfixed with -o-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 34 15 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with parthen-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 38 6 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -genesis",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Asari Codex entry",
          "text": "An all female race, the asari reproduce through a form of parthenogenesis. Each asari can attune her nervous system to that of another individual of any gender, and of any species, to reproduce. This capability has led to unseemly and inaccurate rumors about asari promiscuity.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015, Summer Glassie, “\"Embraced eternity lately?\": Mislabeling and subversion of sexuality labels through the Asari in the Mass Effect trilogy”, in Matthew Wysocki, Evan W. Lauteria, editors, Rated M for Mature: Sex and Sexuality in Video Games (Media Studes / Game Studies), Bloomsbury Publishing, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 162",
          "text": "As an “all-female” humanoid species not bound to the traditional forms of mating, in that they reproduce through a form of telepathic parthenogenesis, the design of the Asari collapses boundaries of sex and sexuality. The Asari are a species rendered as Other, even in comparison to the various beings populating the gameworld.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Referring to various aspects of asexual reproduction:",
        "Asexual reproduction in toto; agamogenesis."
      ],
      "id": "en-parthenogenesis-en-noun-QQ74pD2X",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "Asexual",
          "asexual"
        ],
        [
          "in toto",
          "in toto"
        ],
        [
          "agamogenesis",
          "agamogenesis"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "formerly",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) Referring to various aspects of asexual reproduction:",
        "(biology, uncountable, formerly) Asexual reproduction in toto; agamogenesis."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 34 15 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with parthen-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1870: James Russell Lowell, Among My Books, series I, Shakespeare Once More, page 223",
          "text": "We may learn, to be sure, plenty of lessons from Shakespeare. We are not likely to have kingdoms to divide, crowns foretold us by weird sisters, a father’s death to avenge, or to kill our wives from jealously ; but Lear may teach us to draw the line more clearly between a wise generosity and a loose-handed weakness of giving ; Macbeth, how one sin involves another, and forever another, by a fatal parthenogenesis, and that the key which unlocks forbidden doors to our will or passion leaves a stain on the hand, that may not be so dark as blood, but that will not out ; Hamlet, that all the noblest gifts of person, temperament, and mind slip like sand through the grasp of an infirm purpose ; Othello, that the perpetual silt of some one weakness, the eddies of a suspicious temper depositing their one impalpable layer after another, may build up a shoal on which an heroic life and an otherwise magnanimous nature may bilge and go to pieces."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "figurative uses of the biological senses"
      ],
      "id": "en-parthenogenesis-en-noun-le5if1GU",
      "links": [
        [
          "figurative",
          "figurative"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable and uncountable) figurative uses of the biological senses"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Theology",
          "orig": "en:Theology",
          "parents": [
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "All topics",
            "Culture",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 34 15 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with parthen-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 38 6 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -genesis",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1927, James Samuel Stone, The cult of Santiago: traditions, myths, and pilgrimages, page 58",
          "text": "So one might reasonably be led to hold, for instance, that the parthenogenesis of Christ does not beget faith in Christ […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1966, Thomas F. O’Meara, Mary in Protestant and Catholic Theology, page 227",
          "text": "His theology offers four objections on dogmatic grounds commonly adduced by contemporary Protestant criticism to cast doubt on Mary’s parthenogenesis.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Carol V. Kaske, Spenser and Biblical poetics, page 177",
          "text": "Christ’s parthenogenesis exalts woman.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Virgin birth, in reference to the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ."
      ],
      "id": "en-parthenogenesis-en-noun-7TlS3obn",
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "Virgin birth",
          "virgin birth"
        ],
        [
          "Virgin Mary",
          "Virgin Mary"
        ],
        [
          "Jesus Christ",
          "Jesus Christ"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(theology) Virgin birth, in reference to the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion",
        "theology"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 10 1 82",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "neporočno začatie",
          "sense": "virgin birth",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "непорочно зачатие"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 10 1 82",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "virgin birth",
          "word": "neitseestä syntyminen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 10 1 82",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "virgin birth",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "partanaigineas"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɑːθɪnəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɑːθənəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɑɹθɪnoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɑɹθənoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pär'thĭnōjĕʹnĭsĭs"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pär'thənōjĕʹnĭsĭs"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "parthenogenesis"
  ],
  "word": "parthenogenesis"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 6-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms interfixed with -o-",
    "English terms prefixed with parthen-",
    "English terms suffixed with -genesis",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "parthen-",
        "3": "-o-",
        "4": "-genesis"
      },
      "expansion": "parthen- + -o- + -genesis",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "παρθένος",
        "4": "",
        "5": "virgin"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γένεσις",
        "3": "",
        "4": "origin, creation, generation"
      },
      "expansion": "γένεσις (génesis, “origin, creation, generation”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From parthen- + -o- + -genesis, from Ancient Greek παρθένος (parthénos, “virgin”) and γένεσις (génesis, “origin, creation, generation”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "parthenogeneses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "parthenogeneses"
      },
      "expansion": "parthenogenesis (usually uncountable, plural parthenogeneses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "par‧the‧no‧gen‧e‧sis"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "parthenogen"
    },
    {
      "word": "parthenogenetic"
    },
    {
      "word": "parthenote"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:Biology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008 October 15, \"Virgin Shark Gives Birth\", AFP via Australian Broadcasting Corporation",
          "text": "Scientists say the birth is the second confirmed instance of a shark being conceived by parthenogenesis, a process in which an unfertilised egg develops into a new individual."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Referring to various aspects of asexual reproduction:",
        "(An instance of) reproduction by the development of a single gamete (an ovum or ovule) without fertilisation by a gamete of the opposite sex; compare monogenesis, metagenesis, and heterogamy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "reproduction",
          "reproduction"
        ],
        [
          "development",
          "development"
        ],
        [
          "gamete",
          "gamete"
        ],
        [
          "ovum",
          "ovum"
        ],
        [
          "ovule",
          "ovule"
        ],
        [
          "fertilisation",
          "fertilisation"
        ],
        [
          "sex",
          "sex"
        ],
        [
          "monogenesis",
          "monogenesis#English"
        ],
        [
          "metagenesis",
          "metagenesis#English"
        ],
        [
          "heterogamy",
          "heterogamy#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) Referring to various aspects of asexual reproduction:",
        "(biology, countable, uncountable) (An instance of) reproduction by the development of a single gamete (an ovum or ovule) without fertilisation by a gamete of the opposite sex; compare monogenesis, metagenesis, and heterogamy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:Biology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Asari Codex entry",
          "text": "An all female race, the asari reproduce through a form of parthenogenesis. Each asari can attune her nervous system to that of another individual of any gender, and of any species, to reproduce. This capability has led to unseemly and inaccurate rumors about asari promiscuity.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015, Summer Glassie, “\"Embraced eternity lately?\": Mislabeling and subversion of sexuality labels through the Asari in the Mass Effect trilogy”, in Matthew Wysocki, Evan W. Lauteria, editors, Rated M for Mature: Sex and Sexuality in Video Games (Media Studes / Game Studies), Bloomsbury Publishing, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 162",
          "text": "As an “all-female” humanoid species not bound to the traditional forms of mating, in that they reproduce through a form of telepathic parthenogenesis, the design of the Asari collapses boundaries of sex and sexuality. The Asari are a species rendered as Other, even in comparison to the various beings populating the gameworld.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Referring to various aspects of asexual reproduction:",
        "Asexual reproduction in toto; agamogenesis."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "Asexual",
          "asexual"
        ],
        [
          "in toto",
          "in toto"
        ],
        [
          "agamogenesis",
          "agamogenesis"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "formerly",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) Referring to various aspects of asexual reproduction:",
        "(biology, uncountable, formerly) Asexual reproduction in toto; agamogenesis."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1870: James Russell Lowell, Among My Books, series I, Shakespeare Once More, page 223",
          "text": "We may learn, to be sure, plenty of lessons from Shakespeare. We are not likely to have kingdoms to divide, crowns foretold us by weird sisters, a father’s death to avenge, or to kill our wives from jealously ; but Lear may teach us to draw the line more clearly between a wise generosity and a loose-handed weakness of giving ; Macbeth, how one sin involves another, and forever another, by a fatal parthenogenesis, and that the key which unlocks forbidden doors to our will or passion leaves a stain on the hand, that may not be so dark as blood, but that will not out ; Hamlet, that all the noblest gifts of person, temperament, and mind slip like sand through the grasp of an infirm purpose ; Othello, that the perpetual silt of some one weakness, the eddies of a suspicious temper depositing their one impalpable layer after another, may build up a shoal on which an heroic life and an otherwise magnanimous nature may bilge and go to pieces."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "figurative uses of the biological senses"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "figurative",
          "figurative"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable and uncountable) figurative uses of the biological senses"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Theology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1927, James Samuel Stone, The cult of Santiago: traditions, myths, and pilgrimages, page 58",
          "text": "So one might reasonably be led to hold, for instance, that the parthenogenesis of Christ does not beget faith in Christ […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1966, Thomas F. O’Meara, Mary in Protestant and Catholic Theology, page 227",
          "text": "His theology offers four objections on dogmatic grounds commonly adduced by contemporary Protestant criticism to cast doubt on Mary’s parthenogenesis.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Carol V. Kaske, Spenser and Biblical poetics, page 177",
          "text": "Christ’s parthenogenesis exalts woman.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Virgin birth, in reference to the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "Virgin birth",
          "virgin birth"
        ],
        [
          "Virgin Mary",
          "Virgin Mary"
        ],
        [
          "Jesus Christ",
          "Jesus Christ"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(theology) Virgin birth, in reference to the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion",
        "theology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɑːθɪnəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɑːθənəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɑɹθɪnoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɑɹθənoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pär'thĭnōjĕʹnĭsĭs"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "pär'thənōjĕʹnĭsĭs"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "bezpolovo razmnožavane",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "безполово размножаване"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gūcíshēngzhí",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "孤雌生殖"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "單性生殖"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dānxìngshēngzhí",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "单性生殖"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "partenogeneesi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "neitseellinen lisääntyminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "parthénogenèse"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Parthenogenese"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "parthenogénesi",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "παρθενογένεση"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "tags": [
        "singular"
      ],
      "word": "szűznemzés"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "partanaigineas"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "tan'iseishoku",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "単為生殖"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "ūryqtanbai damu",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "ұрықтанбай даму"
    },
    {
      "alt": "單爲生殖",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "danwisaengsik",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "단위생식"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "partenogeneza"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "dzieworództwo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "partenogênese"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "partenogénese"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "mimbapweke"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "isahangmulaan"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "isahangsuplingan"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "word": "partenogenez"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "partenohenéz",
      "sense": "reproduction from a single gamete without fertilisation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "партеногене́з"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "neporočno začatie",
      "sense": "virgin birth",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "непорочно зачатие"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "virgin birth",
      "word": "neitseestä syntyminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "virgin birth",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "partanaigineas"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "parthenogenesis"
  ],
  "word": "parthenogenesis"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.