See paþaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*paþ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *paþ\nOld English: pæþ m\nMiddle English: path, paath, paaþ, pathe, paththe, paþ, paþþe, pað, peþ (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: path\nScots: peth, paith\nOld Frisian: path\nSaterland Frisian: Paad, Pad (Skäddel)\nWest Frisian: paad\nOld Saxon: path\nMiddle Low German: pat, pāt, paet\nGerman Low German: Padd\nOld Dutch: path\nMiddle Dutch: pat m or n\nDutch: pad n\nOld High German: pfad, phad\nMiddle High German: pfat, pat, phat\nGerman: Pfad m\nLuxembourgish: Pad",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *paþ\nOld English: pæþ m\nMiddle English: path, paath, paaþ, pathe, paththe, paþ, paþþe, pað, peþ (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: path\nScots: peth, paith\nOld Frisian: path\nSaterland Frisian: Paad, Pad (Skäddel)\nWest Frisian: paad\nOld Saxon: path\nMiddle Low German: pat, pāt, paet\nGerman Low German: Padd\nOld Dutch: path\nMiddle Dutch: pat m or n\nDutch: pad n\nOld High German: pfad, phad\nMiddle High German: pfat, pat, phat\nGerman: Pfad m\nLuxembourgish: Pad"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*padëh",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *padëh",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *padëh (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pent-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ira"
},
"expansion": "Iranian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎱𐎰",
"ts": "paθi"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎰 (p-θ /paθi/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*pántaHh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *pántaHh",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*pántaHs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *pántaHs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*póntoh₁s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पन्था",
"t": "way, path",
"tr": "pánthā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पन्था (pánthā, “way, path”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*batos",
"t": "death, pestilence"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *batos (“death, pestilence”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bath",
"t": "death"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish bath (“death”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bad",
"t": "pest, plague"
},
"expansion": "Welsh bad (“pest, plague”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷeh₂-",
"t": "to step, go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to step, go”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly borrowed from Iranian during the Alan invasion (compare Old Persian 𐎱𐎰 (p-θ /paθi/)), from Proto-Iranian *pántaHh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pántaHs, from Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s, from *pent- (“path”). Compare native Germanic *funsaz (“ready, willing”) and *finþaną (“to find, to discover, to come upon”), and additionally cognate with Sanskrit पन्था (pánthā, “way, path”).\nHowever, the above theory has been disputed, with alternative theories taking the word as borrowed from Proto-Celtic *batos (“death, pestilence”) (whence Old Irish bath (“death”), Welsh bad (“pest, plague”)), itself from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to step, go”); this theory has the constraint that the borrowing must have happened before the Celtic underwent the semantic shift \"to go\" > \"to pass away\" > \"death\", and Kroonen appears to ultimately favor Iranian over Celtic origin, despite suggesting both.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "paþaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paþōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paþōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paþōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paþą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paþas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/paþaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "paþjaną"
},
{
"word": "paþōną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"path"
],
"id": "en-paþaz-gem-pro-noun-oK-fhlv2",
"links": [
[
"path",
"path"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɑθɑz/"
}
],
"word": "paþaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "paþjaną"
},
{
"word": "paþōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*paþ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *paþ\nOld English: pæþ m\nMiddle English: path, paath, paaþ, pathe, paththe, paþ, paþþe, pað, peþ (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: path\nScots: peth, paith\nOld Frisian: path\nSaterland Frisian: Paad, Pad (Skäddel)\nWest Frisian: paad\nOld Saxon: path\nMiddle Low German: pat, pāt, paet\nGerman Low German: Padd\nOld Dutch: path\nMiddle Dutch: pat m or n\nDutch: pad n\nOld High German: pfad, phad\nMiddle High German: pfat, pat, phat\nGerman: Pfad m\nLuxembourgish: Pad",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *paþ\nOld English: pæþ m\nMiddle English: path, paath, paaþ, pathe, paththe, paþ, paþþe, pað, peþ (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: path\nScots: peth, paith\nOld Frisian: path\nSaterland Frisian: Paad, Pad (Skäddel)\nWest Frisian: paad\nOld Saxon: path\nMiddle Low German: pat, pāt, paet\nGerman Low German: Padd\nOld Dutch: path\nMiddle Dutch: pat m or n\nDutch: pad n\nOld High German: pfad, phad\nMiddle High German: pfat, pat, phat\nGerman: Pfad m\nLuxembourgish: Pad"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*padëh",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *padëh",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *padëh (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pent-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ira"
},
"expansion": "Iranian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎱𐎰",
"ts": "paθi"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian 𐎱𐎰 (p-θ /paθi/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*pántaHh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *pántaHh",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*pántaHs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *pántaHs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*póntoh₁s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पन्था",
"t": "way, path",
"tr": "pánthā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पन्था (pánthā, “way, path”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*batos",
"t": "death, pestilence"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *batos (“death, pestilence”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bath",
"t": "death"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish bath (“death”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bad",
"t": "pest, plague"
},
"expansion": "Welsh bad (“pest, plague”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷeh₂-",
"t": "to step, go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to step, go”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly borrowed from Iranian during the Alan invasion (compare Old Persian 𐎱𐎰 (p-θ /paθi/)), from Proto-Iranian *pántaHh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pántaHs, from Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s, from *pent- (“path”). Compare native Germanic *funsaz (“ready, willing”) and *finþaną (“to find, to discover, to come upon”), and additionally cognate with Sanskrit पन्था (pánthā, “way, path”).\nHowever, the above theory has been disputed, with alternative theories taking the word as borrowed from Proto-Celtic *batos (“death, pestilence”) (whence Old Irish bath (“death”), Welsh bad (“pest, plague”)), itself from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to step, go”); this theory has the constraint that the borrowing must have happened before the Celtic underwent the semantic shift \"to go\" > \"to pass away\" > \"death\", and Kroonen appears to ultimately favor Iranian over Celtic origin, despite suggesting both.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "paþaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paþōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paþōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paþōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paþą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paþas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paþamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/paþaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms borrowed from Iranian languages",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Iranian languages",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pent-",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"path"
],
"links": [
[
"path",
"path"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɑθɑz/"
}
],
"word": "paþaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for paþaz meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.