"pão-duro" meaning in All languages combined

See pão-duro on Wiktionary

Adjective [Portuguese]

IPA: /ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/ [Brazil], [ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu] [Brazil], /ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/ [Brazil], [ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu] [Brazil], /ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾo/ [Southern-Brazil], [ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾo] [Southern-Brazil], /ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/ [Portugal]
Etymology: Literally, “hard bread”, from the idea that a miser would rather eat stale bread than spend money buying some. Etymology templates: {{yesno||l|L}} L, {{m-g|hard bread}} “hard bread”, {{lit|hard bread}} Literally, “hard bread” Head templates: {{pt-adj|inv=1}} pão-duro (invariable)
  1. (Brazil) miserly (excessively cautious with money) Tags: Brazil, invariable
    Sense id: en-pão-duro-pt-adj-msoKq~SJ Categories (other): Brazilian Portuguese, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Portuguese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 46 54 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 47 53 Disambiguation of Portuguese entries with incorrect language header: 47 53 Synonyms: agarrado, avaro, avarento, cainho, esganado, fomenica, forreta, manicurto, mão de vaca, mesquinho, miserável, mísero, mofino, pão-duro, somítico, sorrelfa, sovina, tacanho, unha de fome

Noun [Portuguese]

IPA: /ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/ [Brazil], [ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu] [Brazil], /ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/ [Brazil], [ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu] [Brazil], /ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾo/ [Southern-Brazil], [ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾo] [Southern-Brazil], /ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/ [Portugal] Forms: pães-duros [plural]
Etymology: Literally, “hard bread”, from the idea that a miser would rather eat stale bread than spend money buying some. Etymology templates: {{yesno||l|L}} L, {{m-g|hard bread}} “hard bread”, {{lit|hard bread}} Literally, “hard bread” Head templates: {{pt-noun|m|pães-duros}} pão-duro m (plural pães-duros)
  1. (Brazil) skinflint (one who is excessively cautious with money) Tags: Brazil, masculine
    Sense id: en-pão-duro-pt-noun-piAIvx4D Categories (other): Brazilian Portuguese, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Portuguese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 46 54 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 47 53 Disambiguation of Portuguese entries with incorrect language header: 47 53 Synonyms: agarrado, avaro, avarento, cainho, escasso, fomenica, forreta, fuinha, futre, harpagão, mão de vaca, mesquinho, mofino, pão-duro, somítico, sorrelfa, sovina, tacanho, unha de fome

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "l",
        "3": "L"
      },
      "expansion": "L",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hard bread"
      },
      "expansion": "“hard bread”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hard bread"
      },
      "expansion": "Literally, “hard bread”",
      "name": "lit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Literally, “hard bread”, from the idea that a miser would rather eat stale bread than spend money buying some.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "inv": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "pão-duro (invariable)",
      "name": "pt-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Brazilian Portuguese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "miserly (excessively cautious with money)"
      ],
      "id": "en-pão-duro-pt-adj-msoKq~SJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "miserly",
          "miserly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Brazil) miserly (excessively cautious with money)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "agarrado"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "avaro"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "avarento"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "cainho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "esganado"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "fomenica"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "forreta"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "manicurto"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mão de vaca"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mesquinho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "miserável"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mísero"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mofino"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "pão-duro"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "somítico"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "sorrelfa"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "sovina"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "tacanho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "unha de fome"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Brazil",
        "invariable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾo/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾo]",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "pão-duro"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "l",
        "3": "L"
      },
      "expansion": "L",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hard bread"
      },
      "expansion": "“hard bread”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hard bread"
      },
      "expansion": "Literally, “hard bread”",
      "name": "lit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Literally, “hard bread”, from the idea that a miser would rather eat stale bread than spend money buying some.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pães-duros",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "pães-duros"
      },
      "expansion": "pão-duro m (plural pães-duros)",
      "name": "pt-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Brazilian Portuguese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "skinflint (one who is excessively cautious with money)"
      ],
      "id": "en-pão-duro-pt-noun-piAIvx4D",
      "links": [
        [
          "skinflint",
          "skinflint"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Brazil) skinflint (one who is excessively cautious with money)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "agarrado"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "avaro"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "avarento"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "cainho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "escasso"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "fomenica"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "forreta"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "fuinha"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "futre"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "harpagão"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mão de vaca"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mesquinho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mofino"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "pão-duro"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "somítico"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "sorrelfa"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "sovina"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "tacanho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "unha de fome"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Brazil",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾo/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾo]",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "pão-duro"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Portuguese 3-syllable words",
    "Portuguese adjectives",
    "Portuguese countable nouns",
    "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Portuguese indeclinable adjectives",
    "Portuguese lemmas",
    "Portuguese masculine nouns",
    "Portuguese multiword terms",
    "Portuguese nouns",
    "Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "l",
        "3": "L"
      },
      "expansion": "L",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hard bread"
      },
      "expansion": "“hard bread”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hard bread"
      },
      "expansion": "Literally, “hard bread”",
      "name": "lit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Literally, “hard bread”, from the idea that a miser would rather eat stale bread than spend money buying some.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "inv": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "pão-duro (invariable)",
      "name": "pt-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Brazilian Portuguese"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "miserly (excessively cautious with money)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "miserly",
          "miserly"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Brazil) miserly (excessively cautious with money)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "agarrado"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "avaro"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "avarento"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "cainho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "esganado"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "fomenica"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "forreta"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "manicurto"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mão de vaca"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mesquinho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "miserável"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mísero"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mofino"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "pão-duro"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "somítico"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "sorrelfa"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "sovina"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "tacanho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "unha de fome"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Brazil",
        "invariable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾo/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾo]",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "pão-duro"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Portuguese 3-syllable words",
    "Portuguese adjectives",
    "Portuguese countable nouns",
    "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Portuguese indeclinable adjectives",
    "Portuguese lemmas",
    "Portuguese masculine nouns",
    "Portuguese multiword terms",
    "Portuguese nouns",
    "Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "l",
        "3": "L"
      },
      "expansion": "L",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hard bread"
      },
      "expansion": "“hard bread”",
      "name": "m-g"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hard bread"
      },
      "expansion": "Literally, “hard bread”",
      "name": "lit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Literally, “hard bread”, from the idea that a miser would rather eat stale bread than spend money buying some.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pães-duros",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "pães-duros"
      },
      "expansion": "pão-duro m (plural pães-duros)",
      "name": "pt-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Portuguese",
  "lang_code": "pt",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Brazilian Portuguese"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "skinflint (one who is excessively cautious with money)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "skinflint",
          "skinflint"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Brazil) skinflint (one who is excessively cautious with money)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "agarrado"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "avaro"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "avarento"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "cainho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "escasso"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "fomenica"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "forreta"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "fuinha"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "futre"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "harpagão"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mão de vaca"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mesquinho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "mofino"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "pão-duro"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "somítico"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "sorrelfa"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "sovina"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "tacanho"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:avarento",
          "word": "unha de fome"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Brazil",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾu]",
      "tags": [
        "Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾo/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˌpɐ̃ʊ̯̃ˈdu.ɾo]",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-Brazil"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌpɐ̃w̃ˈdu.ɾu/",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "pão-duro"
}

Download raw JSONL data for pão-duro meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.