See nief on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for nief meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "nativus",
"4": "",
"5": "natural"
},
"expansion": "Latin nativus (“natural”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "naif",
"3": "native"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of naif and native",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French [Term?], from Latin nativus (“natural”). Doublet of naif and native.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "niefs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nief (plural niefs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1886, \"The Fight at the Pass of Coleshill\", The Red Dragon \"Notes and Queries\", page 471",
"text": "That is, because the girl was his nief, or bondwoman, the daughter of one of his villains",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A serf or bondsman born into servitude."
],
"id": "en-nief-en-noun-L5szx2Zs",
"links": [
[
"serf",
"serf"
],
[
"bondsman",
"bondsman"
],
[
"servitude",
"servitude"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A serf or bondsman born into servitude."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "serf or bondsman born into servitude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Sklave"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "serf or bondsman born into servitude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Leibeigene"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rodivšijsja",
"sense": "serf or bondsman born into servitude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родившийся рабом"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/niːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-nief.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "neif"
}
],
"word": "nief"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "neve",
"t": "the clenched hand, fist"
},
"expansion": "Middle English neve (“the clenched hand, fist”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "nefi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse nefi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hnefi"
},
"expansion": "hnefi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "knefi"
},
"expansion": "knefi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"hand, fist, handful\""
},
"expansion": "(\"hand, fist, handful\")",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hnefô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hnefô",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*knep-",
"t": "to scrape, scratch, grind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *knep- (“to scrape, scratch, grind”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ken-",
"t": "to scratch, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scratch, scrape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "neif",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Scots neif (“fist”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "neve"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian neve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "næve"
},
"expansion": "Danish næve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "näve"
},
"expansion": "Swedish näve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "nevemez",
"t": "handful"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German nevemez (“handful”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English neve (“the clenched hand, fist”), from Old Norse nefi, hnefi (also knefi) (\"hand, fist, handful\"), from Proto-Germanic *hnefô, from Proto-Indo-European *knep- (“to scrape, scratch, grind”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scratch, scrape”). Cognate with Scots neif (“fist”), Norwegian neve, Danish næve, Swedish näve, Middle High German nevemez (“handful”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "niefs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nieves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "nieves"
},
"expansion": "nief (plural niefs or nieves)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with unexpected final devoicing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1934, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Grey Granite, Polygon, published 2006, A Scots Quair, page 597",
"text": "Ake thought if ever he was walking alone on a dark-like night and Jimmy came on him, he with his bare nieves and Jimmy with a knife, he'd stand as much chance of getting home safe as a celluloid cat that had strayed into hell[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Anthony Burgess, The Devil's Mode",
"text": "Nestorius exploded at that and hit out. He roared and dismissed the class, hitting out with his old mottled gnarled niefs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Jeff Silverman, The Greatest Boxing Stories Ever Told, page 160",
"text": "\"But t' Maister can stop and hit rarely. Happen he'll mak' him joomp when he gets his nief upon him.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fist."
],
"id": "en-nief-en-noun-Y0-nQcdE",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Scotland, Ireland, Northern England) A fist."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nieve"
},
{
"word": "nef"
},
{
"word": "nefe"
},
{
"word": "neff"
},
{
"word": "neiff"
},
{
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"word": "neaf"
}
],
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/niːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-nief.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "neif"
}
],
"word": "nief"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "nief",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "nephew",
"word": "neve"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of neve (“nephew”)"
],
"id": "en-nief-enm-noun-S0ipy4ca",
"links": [
[
"neve",
"neve#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "nief"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "nieues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "nief f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "nieues"
},
"expansion": "nief f (plural nieues)",
"name": "osp-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "snow",
"word": "nieue"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And the Egyptians called it the snow of Acin, because of its white color.",
"ref": "c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 5v",
"text": "Et los egiptianos llaman le la nief de acin ⁊ eſto es por que a color blanca.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Apocopic form of nieue (“snow”)"
],
"id": "en-nief-osp-noun-2AOu~Znp",
"links": [
[
"nieue",
"nieue#Old Spanish"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "nyef"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"apocopic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈnjeɸ]"
}
],
"word": "nief"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unexpected final devoicing",
"Old French term requests",
"Rhymes:English/iːf",
"Rhymes:English/iːf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "nativus",
"4": "",
"5": "natural"
},
"expansion": "Latin nativus (“natural”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "naif",
"3": "native"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of naif and native",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French [Term?], from Latin nativus (“natural”). Doublet of naif and native.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "niefs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nief (plural niefs)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1886, \"The Fight at the Pass of Coleshill\", The Red Dragon \"Notes and Queries\", page 471",
"text": "That is, because the girl was his nief, or bondwoman, the daughter of one of his villains",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A serf or bondsman born into servitude."
],
"links": [
[
"serf",
"serf"
],
[
"bondsman",
"bondsman"
],
[
"servitude",
"servitude"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A serf or bondsman born into servitude."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/niːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-nief.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "neif"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "serf or bondsman born into servitude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Sklave"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "serf or bondsman born into servitude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Leibeigene"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rodivšijsja",
"sense": "serf or bondsman born into servitude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родившийся рабом"
}
],
"word": "nief"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unexpected final devoicing",
"Rhymes:English/iːf",
"Rhymes:English/iːf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "neve",
"t": "the clenched hand, fist"
},
"expansion": "Middle English neve (“the clenched hand, fist”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "nefi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse nefi",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hnefi"
},
"expansion": "hnefi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "knefi"
},
"expansion": "knefi",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"hand, fist, handful\""
},
"expansion": "(\"hand, fist, handful\")",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hnefô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hnefô",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*knep-",
"t": "to scrape, scratch, grind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *knep- (“to scrape, scratch, grind”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ken-",
"t": "to scratch, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scratch, scrape”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "neif",
"t": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Scots neif (“fist”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "neve"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian neve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "næve"
},
"expansion": "Danish næve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "näve"
},
"expansion": "Swedish näve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "nevemez",
"t": "handful"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German nevemez (“handful”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English neve (“the clenched hand, fist”), from Old Norse nefi, hnefi (also knefi) (\"hand, fist, handful\"), from Proto-Germanic *hnefô, from Proto-Indo-European *knep- (“to scrape, scratch, grind”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scratch, scrape”). Cognate with Scots neif (“fist”), Norwegian neve, Danish næve, Swedish näve, Middle High German nevemez (“handful”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "niefs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nieves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "nieves"
},
"expansion": "nief (plural niefs or nieves)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Irish English",
"Northern England English",
"Scottish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1934, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Grey Granite, Polygon, published 2006, A Scots Quair, page 597",
"text": "Ake thought if ever he was walking alone on a dark-like night and Jimmy came on him, he with his bare nieves and Jimmy with a knife, he'd stand as much chance of getting home safe as a celluloid cat that had strayed into hell[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1989, Anthony Burgess, The Devil's Mode",
"text": "Nestorius exploded at that and hit out. He roared and dismissed the class, hitting out with his old mottled gnarled niefs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Jeff Silverman, The Greatest Boxing Stories Ever Told, page 160",
"text": "\"But t' Maister can stop and hit rarely. Happen he'll mak' him joomp when he gets his nief upon him.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fist."
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Scotland, Ireland, Northern England) A fist."
],
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/niːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːf"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-nief.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nief.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "neif"
},
{
"word": "nieve"
},
{
"word": "nef"
},
{
"word": "nefe"
},
{
"word": "neff"
},
{
"word": "neiff"
},
{
"tags": [
"Scotland"
],
"word": "neaf"
}
],
"word": "nief"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "nief",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "nephew",
"word": "neve"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of neve (“nephew”)"
],
"links": [
[
"neve",
"neve#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "nief"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "nieues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "nief f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "nieues"
},
"expansion": "nief f (plural nieues)",
"name": "osp-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "snow",
"word": "nieue"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old Spanish apocopic forms",
"Old Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Spanish feminine nouns",
"Old Spanish lemmas",
"Old Spanish nouns",
"Old Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Spanish terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And the Egyptians called it the snow of Acin, because of its white color.",
"ref": "c. 1250, Alfonso X, Lapidario, f. 5v",
"text": "Et los egiptianos llaman le la nief de acin ⁊ eſto es por que a color blanca.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Apocopic form of nieue (“snow”)"
],
"links": [
[
"nieue",
"nieue#Old Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"apocopic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈnjeɸ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"alternative"
],
"word": "nyef"
}
],
"word": "nief"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": rabom vs. rodivšijsja",
"path": [
"nief"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "nief",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.