See nôm on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mng",
"2": "mkh-ban-pro",
"3": "*ʔnoːm",
"t": "urine; to urinate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bahnaric *ʔnoːm (“urine; to urinate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mng",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*n₁uum",
"4": "*n₁uum ~ *kn₁uum",
"t": "urine; to urinate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *n₁uum ~ *kn₁uum (“urine; to urinate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnw",
"2": "ဏမ်",
"t": "urine",
"tr": "nom"
},
"expansion": "Mon ဏမ် (nom, “urine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "នោម",
"t": "urine; to urinate"
},
"expansion": "Khmer នោម (noom, “urine; to urinate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sea",
"2": "nòòm",
"t": "urine"
},
"expansion": "Semai nòòm (“urine”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bahnaric *ʔnoːm (“urine; to urinate”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *n₁uum ~ *kn₁uum (“urine; to urinate”). Cognate with Mon ဏမ် (nom, “urine”), Khmer នោម (noom, “urine; to urinate”) and Semai nòòm (“urine”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mng",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "nôm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Mnong",
"lang_code": "mng",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Mnong entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "48 24 2 22 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 32 2 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to urinate"
],
"id": "en-nôm-mng-verb-D7zi5vzl",
"links": [
[
"urinate",
"urinate"
]
]
}
],
"word": "nôm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nôm mestê"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nomestê"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "nothing special; it's not important; no problem, you're welcome",
"word": "nôm têm nada"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzs",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "non"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese non",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "nom"
},
"expansion": "Galician nom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mzs",
"2": "pt",
"3": "não"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese não",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mzs",
"2": "yue",
"3": "唔",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "calque of Cantonese 唔",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "or not"
},
"expansion": "English or not",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Old Galician-Portuguese non; compare Galician nom, non. Alternative form nâm derives from Portuguese não. Sense 2 however is a calque of Cantonese 唔; quêro nôm-quêro, as in the collocation, can be directly translated from Cantonese 想唔想 (“do you want”, literally “want not want”); compare also Malaysian and Singaporean English or not.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nóm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nâm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzs",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "nôm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Macanese",
"lang_code": "mzs",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macanese terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 32 2 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "I don't have cash",
"text": "Iou nôm têm sapeca",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "I don't know where I put my glasses",
"text": "Iou nôm sabe úndi já rafundí iou-sua ôclo",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"english": "They have no shame",
"literal_meaning": "They don't have shame",
"text": "Ilôtro nôm têm vegónha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not, do not, have not"
],
"id": "en-nôm-mzs-adv-MBEHYCUV",
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
],
[
"have",
"have"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macanese terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "Do you want to buy or not?",
"text": "Vôs quêro nôm-quêro comprâ?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or not (used between two of the same verb)"
],
"id": "en-nôm-mzs-adv-mzs:or_not",
"links": [
[
"or not",
"or not"
]
],
"senseid": [
"mzs:or not"
]
}
],
"word": "nôm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "nam",
"3": "nồm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of nam and nồm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of nam and nồm, as in gió nồm (“south(eastern) wind”). See nam for etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "南",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "喃",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ", 南, 喃"
},
"expansion": "nôm • (, 南, 喃)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": ", 南, 喃"
},
"expansion": "nôm • (, 南, 喃)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "nam"
},
{
"word": "representing Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi Vietnamese"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "South Central Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese pronunciation spellings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 32 2 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Marriage",
"orig": "vi:Marriage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nôm na"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "Quảng Nam",
"text": "Quảng Nôm",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pronunciation spelling of nam, representing Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi Vietnamese."
],
"id": "en-nôm-vi-adj-kn~-HmrW",
"links": [
[
"Pronunciation spelling",
"pronunciation spelling"
],
[
"nam",
"nam#Vietnamese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "Nôm"
}
],
"word": "nôm"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "nôm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nôm",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to marry a pregnant girl in order to conceal the pregnancy"
],
"id": "en-nôm-vi-verb-raNnVCok",
"links": [
[
"marry",
"marry"
],
[
"pregnant",
"pregnant"
],
[
"girl",
"girl"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
],
[
"pregnancy",
"pregnancy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "Nôm"
}
],
"word": "nôm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"vi:Marriage"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mng",
"2": "mkh-ban-pro",
"3": "*ʔnoːm",
"t": "urine; to urinate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bahnaric *ʔnoːm (“urine; to urinate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mng",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*n₁uum",
"4": "*n₁uum ~ *kn₁uum",
"t": "urine; to urinate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *n₁uum ~ *kn₁uum (“urine; to urinate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mnw",
"2": "ဏမ်",
"t": "urine",
"tr": "nom"
},
"expansion": "Mon ဏမ် (nom, “urine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "នោម",
"t": "urine; to urinate"
},
"expansion": "Khmer នោម (noom, “urine; to urinate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sea",
"2": "nòòm",
"t": "urine"
},
"expansion": "Semai nòòm (“urine”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bahnaric *ʔnoːm (“urine; to urinate”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *n₁uum ~ *kn₁uum (“urine; to urinate”). Cognate with Mon ဏမ် (nom, “urine”), Khmer នោម (noom, “urine; to urinate”) and Semai nòòm (“urine”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mng",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "nôm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Mnong",
"lang_code": "mng",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Mnong entries with incorrect language header",
"Eastern Mnong lemmas",
"Eastern Mnong terms derived from Proto-Bahnaric",
"Eastern Mnong terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Eastern Mnong terms inherited from Proto-Bahnaric",
"Eastern Mnong terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Eastern Mnong verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to urinate"
],
"links": [
[
"urinate",
"urinate"
]
]
}
],
"word": "nôm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Macanese adverbs",
"Macanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Macanese lemmas",
"Macanese terms calqued from Cantonese",
"Macanese terms derived from Cantonese",
"Macanese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Macanese terms derived from Portuguese",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"vi:Marriage"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nôm mestê"
},
{
"word": "nomestê"
},
{
"english": "nothing special; it's not important; no problem, you're welcome",
"word": "nôm têm nada"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzs",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "non"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese non",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "nom"
},
"expansion": "Galician nom",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mzs",
"2": "pt",
"3": "não"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese não",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mzs",
"2": "yue",
"3": "唔",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "calque of Cantonese 唔",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "or not"
},
"expansion": "English or not",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Old Galician-Portuguese non; compare Galician nom, non. Alternative form nâm derives from Portuguese não. Sense 2 however is a calque of Cantonese 唔; quêro nôm-quêro, as in the collocation, can be directly translated from Cantonese 想唔想 (“do you want”, literally “want not want”); compare also Malaysian and Singaporean English or not.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nóm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "nâm",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzs",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "nôm",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Macanese",
"lang_code": "mzs",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Macanese terms with collocations",
"Macanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "I don't have cash",
"text": "Iou nôm têm sapeca",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
2,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "I don't know where I put my glasses",
"text": "Iou nôm sabe úndi já rafundí iou-sua ôclo",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"english": "They have no shame",
"literal_meaning": "They don't have shame",
"text": "Ilôtro nôm têm vegónha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not, do not, have not"
],
"links": [
[
"not",
"not"
],
[
"have",
"have"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Macanese terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "Do you want to buy or not?",
"text": "Vôs quêro nôm-quêro comprâ?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or not (used between two of the same verb)"
],
"links": [
[
"or not",
"or not"
]
],
"senseid": [
"mzs:or not"
]
}
],
"word": "nôm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese doublets",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese terms with homophones",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Marriage"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nôm na"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "nam",
"3": "nồm"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of nam and nồm",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of nam and nồm, as in gió nồm (“south(eastern) wind”). See nam for etymology.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "南",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "喃",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ", 南, 喃"
},
"expansion": "nôm • (, 南, 喃)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": ", 南, 喃"
},
"expansion": "nôm • (, 南, 喃)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "nam"
},
{
"word": "representing Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi Vietnamese"
}
],
"categories": [
"South Central Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese pronunciation spellings",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "Quảng Nam",
"text": "Quảng Nôm",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pronunciation spelling of nam, representing Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi Vietnamese."
],
"links": [
[
"Pronunciation spelling",
"pronunciation spelling"
],
[
"nam",
"nam#Vietnamese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "Nôm"
}
],
"word": "nôm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese terms with homophones",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Marriage"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "nôm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nôm",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to marry a pregnant girl in order to conceal the pregnancy"
],
"links": [
[
"marry",
"marry"
],
[
"pregnant",
"pregnant"
],
[
"girl",
"girl"
],
[
"conceal",
"conceal"
],
[
"pregnancy",
"pregnancy"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[nom˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"homophone": "Nôm"
}
],
"word": "nôm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for nôm meaning in All languages combined (7.1kB)
{
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"msg": "unrecognized head form: ",
"path": [
"nôm"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "nôm",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (89ebc88 and e74c913). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.