"mutualism" meaning in All languages combined

See mutualism on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈmjuː.tʃʊ.əˌlɪz.m̩/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈmju.t͡ʃu.əˌlɪz.m̩/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-mutualism.wav [US] Forms: mutualisms [plural]
Etymology: mutual + -ism. Compare French mutualisme and Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish mutualismo. Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|mutual|ism}} mutual + -ism, {{cog|fr|mutualisme}} French mutualisme, {{cog|it|-}} Italian, {{cog|pt|-}} Portuguese, {{,}} ,, {{cog|es|mutualismo}} Spanish mutualismo Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} mutualism (countable and uncountable, plural mutualisms)
  1. (ecology) Any interaction between two species that benefits both; typically involves the exchange of substances or services. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Ecology Translations (interaction between two species that benefits both): 互利共生 (hùlì-gòngshēng) (Chinese Mandarin), 互惠共生 (hùhuì-gòngshēng) (Chinese Mandarin), 相利共生 (xiānglì-gòngshēng) (Chinese Mandarin), mutualismi (Finnish), mutualisme [masculine] (French), mutualisme (Indonesian), mutualismo [masculine] (Italian), 相利共生 (sōrikyōsei) (Japanese), kesalingan (Malay), mutualismo [masculine] (Portuguese), mutualism [neuter] (Romanian), mutualizem [masculine] (Slovene), mutualismo [masculine] (Spanish), mutualism [common-gender] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-mutualism-en-noun-t~d7dUuq Topics: biology, ecology, natural-sciences Disambiguation of 'interaction between two species that benefits both': 98 2
  2. (economics) An economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Economics, Anarchism Translations (economic theory): 互助論 (Chinese Mandarin), 互助论 (hùzhù lùn) (Chinese Mandarin)
    Sense id: en-mutualism-en-noun-aOK4wtfR Disambiguation of Anarchism: 8 92 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ism Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 25 75 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 17 83 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ism: 23 77 Topics: economics, science, sciences Disambiguation of 'economic theory': 3 97
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: anarcho-mutualism Related terms: commensalism

Noun [Romanian]

Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], mutualism [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], un mutualism [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], mutualismul [accusative, definite, nominative, singular], mutualism [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], unui mutualism [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], mutualismului [dative, definite, genitive, singular], mutualismule [singular, vocative]
Etymology: Borrowed from French mutualisme. By surface analysis, mutual + -ism. Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|ro|fr|mutualisme|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} French mutualisme, {{bor+|ro|fr|mutualisme}} Borrowed from French mutualisme, {{surf|ro|mutual|-ism}} By surface analysis, mutual + -ism Head templates: {{ro-noun|n|-}} mutualism n (uncountable) Inflection templates: {{ro-decl-noun-single|g=n|gpd=mutualismelor|gpi=mutualisme|gsd=mutualismului|gsi=mutualism|n=sg|npd=mutualismele|npi=mutualisme|nsd=mutualismul|nsi=mutualism|vp=mutualismelor|vs=mutualismule}}
  1. mutualism, mutuality Tags: neuter, uncountable
    Sense id: en-mutualism-ro-noun-~Sh9ideB Categories (other): Romanian entries with incorrect language header, Romanian terms suffixed with -ism

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for mutualism meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)

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    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "hùlì-gòngshēng",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "word": "互利共生"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "hùhuì-gòngshēng",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "word": "互惠共生"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xiānglì-gòngshēng",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "word": "相利共生"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "word": "mutualismi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mutualisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "word": "mutualisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mutualismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "sōrikyōsei",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "word": "相利共生"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "word": "kesalingan"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mutualismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "mutualism"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mutualizem"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mutualismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "mutualism"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "economic theory",
      "word": "互助論"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "hùzhù lùn",
      "sense": "economic theory",
      "word": "互助论"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "mutualism"
  ],
  "word": "mutualism"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "mutualisme",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "French mutualisme",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "mutualisme"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French mutualisme",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "mutual",
        "3": "-ism"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, mutual + -ism",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French mutualisme. By surface analysis, mutual + -ism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mutualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "un mutualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mutualismul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mutualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unui mutualism",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mutualismului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mutualismule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "mutualism n (uncountable)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "gpd": "mutualismelor",
        "gpi": "mutualisme",
        "gsd": "mutualismului",
        "gsi": "mutualism",
        "n": "sg",
        "npd": "mutualismele",
        "npi": "mutualisme",
        "nsd": "mutualismul",
        "nsi": "mutualism",
        "vp": "mutualismelor",
        "vs": "mutualismule"
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Romanian lemmas",
        "Romanian neuter nouns",
        "Romanian nouns",
        "Romanian terms borrowed from French",
        "Romanian terms derived from French",
        "Romanian terms suffixed with -ism",
        "Romanian uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mutualism, mutuality"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mutualism",
          "mutualism#English"
        ],
        [
          "mutuality",
          "mutuality"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "mutualism"
}
{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Romanian]; cleaned text: n gender",
  "path": [
    "mutualism"
  ],
  "section": "Romanian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "mutualism",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.