See mutualism on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for mutualism meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)
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], "raw_glosses": [ "(ecology) Any interaction between two species that benefits both; typically involves the exchange of substances or services." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "biology", "ecology", "natural-sciences" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hùlì-gòngshēng", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "word": "互利共生" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hùhuì-gòngshēng", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "word": "互惠共生" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiānglì-gòngshēng", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "word": "相利共生" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "word": "mutualismi" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "mutualisme" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "word": "mutualisme" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "mutualismo" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sōrikyōsei", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "word": "相利共生" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "word": "kesalingan" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "mutualismo" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "mutualism" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "mutualizem" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "mutualismo" }, { "_dis1": "98 2", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "mutualism" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Economics", "orig": "en:Economics", "parents": [ "Social sciences", "Sciences", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "25 75", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "17 83", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup", "parents": [ "Entries with topic categories using raw markup", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 77", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ism", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 92", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Anarchism", "orig": "en:Anarchism", "parents": [ "Ideologies", "Leftism", "Politics", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "An economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market." ], "id": "en-mutualism-en-noun-aOK4wtfR", "links": [ [ "economics", "economics" ], [ "economic", "economic" ], [ "theory", "theory" ], [ "anarchist", "anarchist" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(economics) An economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "economics", "science", "sciences" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "3 97", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "economic theory", "word": "互助論" }, { "_dis1": "3 97", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hùzhù lùn", "sense": "economic theory", "word": "互助论" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈmjuː.tʃʊ.əˌlɪz.m̩/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈmju.t͡ʃu.əˌlɪz.m̩/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-mutualism.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-mutualism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-mutualism.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-mutualism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-mutualism.wav.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" } ], "wikipedia": [ "mutualism" ], "word": "mutualism" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "loanword", "2": "Borrowed" }, "expansion": "Borrowed", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "fr", "3": "mutualisme", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "French mutualisme", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "fr", "3": "mutualisme" }, "expansion": "Borrowed from French mutualisme", "name": "bor+" }, { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "mutual", "3": "-ism" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, mutual + -ism", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French mutualisme. By surface analysis, mutual + -ism.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ro-noun-n", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "mutualism", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "indefinite", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "un mutualism", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "indefinite", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mutualismul", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "definite", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mutualism", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "genitive", "indefinite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "unui mutualism", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "genitive", "indefinite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mutualismului", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "definite", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mutualismule", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "n", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "mutualism n (uncountable)", "name": "ro-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "n", "gpd": "mutualismelor", "gpi": "mutualisme", "gsd": "mutualismului", "gsi": "mutualism", "n": "sg", "npd": "mutualismele", "npi": "mutualisme", "nsd": "mutualismul", "nsi": "mutualism", "vp": "mutualismelor", "vs": "mutualismule" }, "name": "ro-decl-noun-single" } ], "lang": "Romanian", "lang_code": "ro", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Romanian terms suffixed with -ism", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "mutualism, mutuality" ], "id": "en-mutualism-ro-noun-~Sh9ideB", "links": [ [ "mutualism", "mutualism#English" ], [ "mutuality", "mutuality" ] ], "tags": [ "neuter", "uncountable" ] } ], "word": "mutualism" }
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Compare French mutualisme and Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish mutualismo.", "forms": [ { "form": "mutualisms", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "~" }, "expansion": "mutualism (countable and uncountable, plural mutualisms)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "mu‧tu‧al‧ism" ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "commensalism" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "en:Ecology" ], "glosses": [ "Any interaction between two species that benefits both; typically involves the exchange of substances or services." ], "links": [ [ "ecology", "ecology" ], [ "interaction", "interaction" ], [ "species", "species" ], [ "benefit", "benefit" ], [ "exchange", "exchange" ], [ "substance", "substance" ], [ "service", "service" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(ecology) Any interaction between two species that benefits both; typically involves the exchange of substances or services." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "biology", "ecology", "natural-sciences" ] }, { "categories": [ "en:Economics" ], "glosses": [ "An economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market." ], "links": [ [ "economics", "economics" ], [ "economic", "economic" ], [ "theory", "theory" ], [ "anarchist", "anarchist" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(economics) An economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market." ], "tags": [ "countable", "uncountable" ], "topics": [ "economics", "science", "sciences" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈmjuː.tʃʊ.əˌlɪz.m̩/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈmju.t͡ʃu.əˌlɪz.m̩/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-mutualism.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-mutualism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-mutualism.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-mutualism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-mutualism.wav.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hùlì-gòngshēng", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "word": "互利共生" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hùhuì-gòngshēng", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "word": "互惠共生" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "xiānglì-gòngshēng", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "word": "相利共生" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", 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"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "mutualizem" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "mutualismo" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "interaction between two species that benefits both", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "mutualism" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "economic theory", "word": "互助論" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "hùzhù lùn", "sense": "economic theory", "word": "互助论" } ], "wikipedia": [ "mutualism" ], "word": "mutualism" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "loanword", "2": "Borrowed" }, "expansion": "Borrowed", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "fr", "3": "mutualisme", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "French mutualisme", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "fr", "3": "mutualisme" }, "expansion": "Borrowed from French mutualisme", "name": "bor+" }, { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "mutual", "3": "-ism" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, mutual + -ism", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French mutualisme. By surface analysis, mutual + -ism.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ro-noun-n", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "mutualism", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "indefinite", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "un mutualism", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "indefinite", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mutualismul", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "definite", "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mutualism", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "genitive", "indefinite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "unui mutualism", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "genitive", "indefinite", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mutualismului", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "definite", "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mutualismule", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "n", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "mutualism n (uncountable)", "name": "ro-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "n", "gpd": "mutualismelor", "gpi": "mutualisme", "gsd": "mutualismului", "gsi": "mutualism", "n": "sg", "npd": "mutualismele", "npi": "mutualisme", "nsd": "mutualismul", "nsi": "mutualism", "vp": "mutualismelor", "vs": "mutualismule" }, "name": "ro-decl-noun-single" } ], "lang": "Romanian", "lang_code": "ro", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Romanian entries with incorrect language header", "Romanian lemmas", "Romanian neuter nouns", "Romanian nouns", "Romanian terms borrowed from French", "Romanian terms derived from French", "Romanian terms suffixed with -ism", "Romanian uncountable nouns" ], "glosses": [ "mutualism, mutuality" ], "links": [ [ "mutualism", "mutualism#English" ], [ "mutuality", "mutuality" ] ], "tags": [ "neuter", "uncountable" ] } ], "word": "mutualism" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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