See makulatura on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "ru",
"3": "макулатура"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian макулатура (makulatura)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "de",
"3": "Makulatur"
},
"expansion": "German Makulatur",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "la",
"3": "maculare",
"4": "",
"5": "to soil, to dirty"
},
"expansion": "Latin maculare (“to soil, to dirty”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian макулатура (makulatura), from German Makulatur, from Latin maculare (“to soil, to dirty”), from macula (“spot”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturanıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalarnıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturağa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalarğa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturanı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalarnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "makulatura",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Crimean Tatar entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 5 41 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 3 43 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wastepaper, scrap paper"
],
"id": "en-makulatura-crh-noun-qRsT~g1Z",
"links": [
[
"wastepaper",
"wastepaper"
],
[
"scrap paper",
"scrap paper"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trash, junk; low quality literature"
],
"id": "en-makulatura-crh-noun-wua2nRAD",
"links": [
[
"trash",
"trash"
],
[
"junk",
"junk"
]
]
}
],
"word": "makulatura"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "makulaturowy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "maculature"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French maculature",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "maculāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin maculāre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French maculature, from Latin maculāre, from macula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "makulatura f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧ku‧la‧tu‧ra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 5 41 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 3 43 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Paper",
"orig": "pl:Paper",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scrap paper, wastepaper"
],
"id": "en-makulatura-pl-noun-Bu44yb09",
"links": [
[
"scrap paper",
"scrap paper"
],
[
"wastepaper",
"wastepaper"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Literature",
"orig": "pl:Literature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"junk, trash (low-quality literature)"
],
"id": "en-makulatura-pl-noun-W6Kh7bDm",
"links": [
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"junk",
"junk"
],
[
"trash",
"trash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, literature) junk, trash (low-quality literature)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pisanina"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"media",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ma.ku.laˈtu.ra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ura"
}
],
"word": "makulatura"
}
{
"categories": [
"Crimean Tatar entries with incorrect language header",
"Crimean Tatar lemmas",
"Crimean Tatar nouns",
"Crimean Tatar terms borrowed from Russian",
"Crimean Tatar terms derived from German",
"Crimean Tatar terms derived from Latin",
"Crimean Tatar terms derived from Russian",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Paper"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "ru",
"3": "макулатура"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian макулатура (makulatura)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "de",
"3": "Makulatur"
},
"expansion": "German Makulatur",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "la",
"3": "maculare",
"4": "",
"5": "to soil, to dirty"
},
"expansion": "Latin maculare (“to soil, to dirty”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian макулатура (makulatura), from German Makulatur, from Latin maculare (“to soil, to dirty”), from macula (“spot”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturanıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalarnıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturağa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalarğa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturanı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalarnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "makulatura",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"lang_code": "crh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wastepaper, scrap paper"
],
"links": [
[
"wastepaper",
"wastepaper"
],
[
"scrap paper",
"scrap paper"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trash, junk; low quality literature"
],
"links": [
[
"trash",
"trash"
],
[
"junk",
"junk"
]
]
}
],
"word": "makulatura"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 5-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from French",
"Polish terms derived from French",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ura",
"Rhymes:Polish/ura/5 syllables",
"pl:Paper"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "makulaturowy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "maculature"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French maculature",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "maculāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin maculāre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French maculature, from Latin maculāre, from macula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "makulaturo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "makulatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "makulatura f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧ku‧la‧tu‧ra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"scrap paper, wastepaper"
],
"links": [
[
"scrap paper",
"scrap paper"
],
[
"wastepaper",
"wastepaper"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"pl:Literature"
],
"glosses": [
"junk, trash (low-quality literature)"
],
"links": [
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"junk",
"junk"
],
[
"trash",
"trash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, literature) junk, trash (low-quality literature)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pisanina"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"media",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ma.ku.laˈtu.ra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ura"
}
],
"word": "makulatura"
}
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.