See machicolation on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for machicolation meaning in All languages combined (18.6kB)
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "loophole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "murder hole"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "machicolamentum",
"4": "machicol(amentum)",
"5": "machicolation"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin machicol(amentum) (“machicolation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ation",
"pos2": "suffix indicating an action or process"
},
"expansion": "+ -ation (suffix indicating an action or process)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "macher",
"t": "to chew; to crush"
},
"expansion": "Old French macher (“to chew; to crush”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "mâcher"
},
"expansion": "French mâcher",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "col",
"t": "neck"
},
"expansion": "col (“neck”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-mentum",
"pos": "suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of something"
},
"expansion": "Latin -mentum (suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of something)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "machecolled",
"t": "having machicolations"
},
"expansion": "Middle English machecolled (“having machicolations”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "machecolling",
"t": "act of constructing machicolation; the openings making up the machicolation"
},
"expansion": "machecolling (“act of constructing machicolation; the openings making up the machicolation”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "machecoleis"
},
"expansion": "Middle French machecoleis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "mâchicoulis",
"t": "machicolation"
},
"expansion": "French mâchicoulis (“machicolation”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "machecollum",
"t": "machicolation"
},
"expansion": "Latin machecollum (“machicolation”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "machacol"
},
"expansion": "Occitan machacol",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin machicol(amentum) (“machicolation”) + -ation (suffix indicating an action or process). Machicolamentum may be derived from Old French macher (“to chew; to crush”) (modern French mâcher) + col (“neck”) + Latin -mentum (suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of something). The English word is cognate with Middle English machecolled (“having machicolations”), machecolling (“act of constructing machicolation; the openings making up the machicolation”), Middle French machecoleis (modern French mâchicoulis (“machicolation”)), Latin machecollum (“machicolation”), Occitan machacol.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "machicolations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "machicolation (countable and uncountable, plural machicolations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧chi‧col‧a‧tion"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "box machicolation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "slit machicolation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "slot machicolation"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "machecole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "machicolate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "machicolated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "machicoulis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "machiolate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unmachicolated"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Architectural elements",
"orig": "en:Architectural elements",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1773 October, “III. The Antiquities of England and Wales: Being a Collection of Views of the Most Remarkable Ruins and Antient Buildings, Accurately Drawn on the Spot. […] By Francis Grose, Esq. F.A.S. Vol. I. 4to. 2l. 2s. 6d. Hooper. [Concluded.] [book review]”, in The Critical Review: Or, Annals of Literature (Series the Fifth), volume XXXVI, London: Printed for A. Hamilton, […], →OCLC, page 268",
"text": "Leibourn Caſtle, Kent. A proſpect of the front of that caſtle. Over the gate, we are told, was a machicolation or contrivance, from whence, in caſe of a ſudden attack, great ſtones, boiling water, or melted lead, might be thrown down upon the aſſailants.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1851 October, William Dowe, “A Gossip about Blarney”, in Sartain’s Union Magazine of Literature and Art, volume IX, number 4, Philadelphia, Pa.: [John Sartain], →OCLC, page 271",
"text": "There is another feature of this proverbial place which seems to have contributed to the phrase's significance—that is, the Blarney stone. [...] There is one stone, on the very battlement of the castle, forming the outward surface, the machicolation, or opening, through which stones, hot water, melted lead, or anything of that ardent character used, long ago, to be pitched on the heads of people coming after their cattle, and trying to beat in the outer gate. [...] To kiss it, a man should be held by the heels, dipped through the machicolation with his head about a hundred feet or so from the ground, and his life in the hands of a great many jokers, holding on desperately by the battlement and the man, and wishing the latter all manner of mellifluousness and good luck for the remainder of his life!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Adrian J. Boas, “Elements of Fortification”, in Archaeology of the Military Orders: A Survey of the Urban Centres, Rural Settlement and Castles of the Military Orders in the Latin East, (c. 1120–1291), Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, part III (The Defence of the Latin East), page 171",
"text": "Another form of machicolation known as slot (or slit) machicolation was formed by leaving an open slot above and before a gate. Box machicolation, which Kennedy refers to as ‘true machicolation’, appears in Early Islamic fortifications. The direct source is clearly Islamic, although box machicolation is also present on pre-Islamic Syrian tower houses.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building from which missiles can be shot or heated items dropped upon assailants attacking the base of the walls."
],
"id": "en-machicolation-en-noun-gZIEHD~a",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"opening",
"opening#Noun"
],
[
"corbel",
"corbel"
],
[
"support",
"support#Verb"
],
[
"projecting",
"projecting#Adjective"
],
[
"parapet",
"parapet"
],
[
"floor",
"floor#Noun"
],
[
"gallery",
"gallery"
],
[
"roof",
"roof#Noun"
],
[
"portal",
"portal"
],
[
"fortified",
"fortified#Adjective"
],
[
"building",
"building#Noun"
],
[
"missile",
"missile"
],
[
"shot",
"shoot#Verb"
],
[
"heated",
"heated#Adjective"
],
[
"item",
"item"
],
[
"dropped",
"drop#Verb"
],
[
"assailant",
"assailant"
],
[
"attacking",
"attack#Verb"
],
[
"base",
"base#Noun"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) An opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building from which missiles can be shot or heated items dropped upon assailants attacking the base of the walls."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "machicoulis"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "matakan"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mašykulʹ",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "машыкуль"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mašikula",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "машикула"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "maxykúlŷ",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "махику́лы"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "matacà"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "lladronera"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "machicoulis"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mezenkooi"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mezekouw"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "mašikulii"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "piginukk"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "heittoaukko"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mâchicoulis"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "matacán"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Maschikuli"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "משיקולי"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uchtbhalla pollta"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poll lámhaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caditoia"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "piombatoia"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "出し狭間"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "masikulli",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "마시쿨리"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "machicoulis"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "mezekouw"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "mašikula"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "تیرکش دروازه قلعه"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "machikuły"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "mata-cães"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mašikuli",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "машикули"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "машикула"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "mašikula"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "matacán"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "ช่องเชิงเทิน"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "tepe mazgalı"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mašykuli",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "машикулі"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Architectural elements",
"orig": "en:Architectural elements",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1816, [James Sargant Storer], “Tattershall Castle, Lincolnshire”, in The Antiquarian Itinerary, Comprising Specimens of Architecture, Monastic, Castellated, and Domestic; […], volume VI, London: Published for the proprietors, by W[illia]m Clarke, […], →OCLC",
"text": "The main walls were carried to the top of the fourth story, where a capacious machicolation enclosed the tower, on which there is a parapet wall of great thickness, with arches: this was to protect the persons employed over the machicolations.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1874, George Edmund Street, chapter V, in Brick and Marble in the Middle Ages: Notes of Tours in the North of Italy, 2nd edition, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 75",
"text": "In the Contrada della Pace there remains a very bold fragment of a castle tower. It is built of very roughly-jointed stone, and is perfectly plain till near the top, where it has a bold machicolation with tall square angle-turrets, the whole battlemented with a forked battlement.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1999, W[illiam] H. Clements, “The Spanish and the Minorcan Towers”, in Towers of Strength: The Story of the Martello Towers, Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Leo Cooper, Pen and Sword Books, page 54",
"text": "[E]ach tower, except those at Santandria and Sargantana Island, had a machicolation over the entrance. In the larger towers this machicolation was supported by five or more corbels while the smaller towers had a smaller machicolation supported by four corbels.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A projecting parapet with a series of such openings."
],
"id": "en-machicolation-en-noun-yohQEOwJ",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"parapet",
"parapet"
],
[
"series",
"series"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) A projecting parapet with a series of such openings."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məˌtʃɪkəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/məˌt͡ʃɪkəˈleɪʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Gibraltar Rocks-machicolation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Gibraltar_Rocks-machicolation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Gibraltar_Rocks-machicolation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Gibraltar_Rocks-machicolation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Gibraltar_Rocks-machicolation.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Krak des Chevaliers",
"Lalinde",
"Nouvelle-Aquitaine"
],
"word": "machicolation"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 5-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms suffixed with -ation",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "loophole"
},
{
"word": "murder hole"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "machicolamentum",
"4": "machicol(amentum)",
"5": "machicolation"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin machicol(amentum) (“machicolation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "",
"3": "ation",
"pos2": "suffix indicating an action or process"
},
"expansion": "+ -ation (suffix indicating an action or process)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "macher",
"t": "to chew; to crush"
},
"expansion": "Old French macher (“to chew; to crush”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "mâcher"
},
"expansion": "French mâcher",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "col",
"t": "neck"
},
"expansion": "col (“neck”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-mentum",
"pos": "suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of something"
},
"expansion": "Latin -mentum (suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of something)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "machecolled",
"t": "having machicolations"
},
"expansion": "Middle English machecolled (“having machicolations”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "machecolling",
"t": "act of constructing machicolation; the openings making up the machicolation"
},
"expansion": "machecolling (“act of constructing machicolation; the openings making up the machicolation”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "machecoleis"
},
"expansion": "Middle French machecoleis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "mâchicoulis",
"t": "machicolation"
},
"expansion": "French mâchicoulis (“machicolation”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "machecollum",
"t": "machicolation"
},
"expansion": "Latin machecollum (“machicolation”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "machacol"
},
"expansion": "Occitan machacol",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin machicol(amentum) (“machicolation”) + -ation (suffix indicating an action or process). Machicolamentum may be derived from Old French macher (“to chew; to crush”) (modern French mâcher) + col (“neck”) + Latin -mentum (suffix indicating an instrument or medium, or the result of something). The English word is cognate with Middle English machecolled (“having machicolations”), machecolling (“act of constructing machicolation; the openings making up the machicolation”), Middle French machecoleis (modern French mâchicoulis (“machicolation”)), Latin machecollum (“machicolation”), Occitan machacol.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "machicolations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "machicolation (countable and uncountable, plural machicolations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧chi‧col‧a‧tion"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "box machicolation"
},
{
"word": "slit machicolation"
},
{
"word": "slot machicolation"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "machecole"
},
{
"word": "machicolate"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "machicolated"
},
{
"word": "machicoulis"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "machiolate"
},
{
"word": "unmachicolated"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Architectural elements"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1773 October, “III. The Antiquities of England and Wales: Being a Collection of Views of the Most Remarkable Ruins and Antient Buildings, Accurately Drawn on the Spot. […] By Francis Grose, Esq. F.A.S. Vol. I. 4to. 2l. 2s. 6d. Hooper. [Concluded.] [book review]”, in The Critical Review: Or, Annals of Literature (Series the Fifth), volume XXXVI, London: Printed for A. Hamilton, […], →OCLC, page 268",
"text": "Leibourn Caſtle, Kent. A proſpect of the front of that caſtle. Over the gate, we are told, was a machicolation or contrivance, from whence, in caſe of a ſudden attack, great ſtones, boiling water, or melted lead, might be thrown down upon the aſſailants.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1851 October, William Dowe, “A Gossip about Blarney”, in Sartain’s Union Magazine of Literature and Art, volume IX, number 4, Philadelphia, Pa.: [John Sartain], →OCLC, page 271",
"text": "There is another feature of this proverbial place which seems to have contributed to the phrase's significance—that is, the Blarney stone. [...] There is one stone, on the very battlement of the castle, forming the outward surface, the machicolation, or opening, through which stones, hot water, melted lead, or anything of that ardent character used, long ago, to be pitched on the heads of people coming after their cattle, and trying to beat in the outer gate. [...] To kiss it, a man should be held by the heels, dipped through the machicolation with his head about a hundred feet or so from the ground, and his life in the hands of a great many jokers, holding on desperately by the battlement and the man, and wishing the latter all manner of mellifluousness and good luck for the remainder of his life!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Adrian J. Boas, “Elements of Fortification”, in Archaeology of the Military Orders: A Survey of the Urban Centres, Rural Settlement and Castles of the Military Orders in the Latin East, (c. 1120–1291), Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, part III (The Defence of the Latin East), page 171",
"text": "Another form of machicolation known as slot (or slit) machicolation was formed by leaving an open slot above and before a gate. Box machicolation, which Kennedy refers to as ‘true machicolation’, appears in Early Islamic fortifications. The direct source is clearly Islamic, although box machicolation is also present on pre-Islamic Syrian tower houses.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building from which missiles can be shot or heated items dropped upon assailants attacking the base of the walls."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"opening",
"opening#Noun"
],
[
"corbel",
"corbel"
],
[
"support",
"support#Verb"
],
[
"projecting",
"projecting#Adjective"
],
[
"parapet",
"parapet"
],
[
"floor",
"floor#Noun"
],
[
"gallery",
"gallery"
],
[
"roof",
"roof#Noun"
],
[
"portal",
"portal"
],
[
"fortified",
"fortified#Adjective"
],
[
"building",
"building#Noun"
],
[
"missile",
"missile"
],
[
"shot",
"shoot#Verb"
],
[
"heated",
"heated#Adjective"
],
[
"item",
"item"
],
[
"dropped",
"drop#Verb"
],
[
"assailant",
"assailant"
],
[
"attacking",
"attack#Verb"
],
[
"base",
"base#Noun"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) An opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building from which missiles can be shot or heated items dropped upon assailants attacking the base of the walls."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "machicoulis"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Architectural elements"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1816, [James Sargant Storer], “Tattershall Castle, Lincolnshire”, in The Antiquarian Itinerary, Comprising Specimens of Architecture, Monastic, Castellated, and Domestic; […], volume VI, London: Published for the proprietors, by W[illia]m Clarke, […], →OCLC",
"text": "The main walls were carried to the top of the fourth story, where a capacious machicolation enclosed the tower, on which there is a parapet wall of great thickness, with arches: this was to protect the persons employed over the machicolations.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1874, George Edmund Street, chapter V, in Brick and Marble in the Middle Ages: Notes of Tours in the North of Italy, 2nd edition, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 75",
"text": "In the Contrada della Pace there remains a very bold fragment of a castle tower. It is built of very roughly-jointed stone, and is perfectly plain till near the top, where it has a bold machicolation with tall square angle-turrets, the whole battlemented with a forked battlement.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1999, W[illiam] H. Clements, “The Spanish and the Minorcan Towers”, in Towers of Strength: The Story of the Martello Towers, Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Leo Cooper, Pen and Sword Books, page 54",
"text": "[E]ach tower, except those at Santandria and Sargantana Island, had a machicolation over the entrance. In the larger towers this machicolation was supported by five or more corbels while the smaller towers had a smaller machicolation supported by four corbels.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A projecting parapet with a series of such openings."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"parapet",
"parapet"
],
[
"series",
"series"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) A projecting parapet with a series of such openings."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məˌtʃɪkəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/məˌt͡ʃɪkəˈleɪʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Gibraltar Rocks-machicolation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Gibraltar_Rocks-machicolation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Gibraltar_Rocks-machicolation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Gibraltar_Rocks-machicolation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Gibraltar_Rocks-machicolation.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "matakan"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mašykulʹ",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "машыкуль"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mašikula",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "машикула"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "maxykúlŷ",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "махику́лы"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "matacà"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "lladronera"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "machicoulis"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mezenkooi"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mezekouw"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "mašikulii"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "piginukk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "heittoaukko"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mâchicoulis"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "matacán"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Maschikuli"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "משיקולי"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "uchtbhalla pollta"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poll lámhaigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caditoia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "piombatoia"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "出し狭間"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "masikulli",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "마시쿨리"
},
{
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "machicoulis"
},
{
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "mezekouw"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "mašikula"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "تیرکش دروازه قلعه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "machikuły"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "mata-cães"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mašikuli",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "машикули"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "машикула"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "mašikula"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "matacán"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "ช่องเชิงเทิน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "tepe mazgalı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mašykuli",
"sense": "opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building",
"word": "машикулі"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Krak des Chevaliers",
"Lalinde",
"Nouvelle-Aquitaine"
],
"word": "machicolation"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.