See mēle on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "mēle"
},
"expansion": "Latvian mēle",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognates include Latvian mēle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mēleite",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ltg-decl-noun/5",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "mēle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dialectal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dialectal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļuos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "noun",
"3": "diminutive",
"4": "mēleite",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "mēle f (diminutive mēleite)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "mēleite"
},
"expansion": "mēle f (diminutive mēleite)",
"name": "ltg-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mēle"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ltg-decl-noun/5"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mēle",
"10": "mēlēs, mēļuos¹⁾",
"2": "mēlis, mēles¹⁾",
"3": "mēlei",
"4": "mēli",
"5": "mēlē, mēlī¹⁾",
"6": "mēlis, mēles¹⁾",
"7": "mēļu",
"8": "mēlem, mēļom¹⁾",
"9": "mēlis, mēles¹⁾",
"notes": "¹⁾ dialectal",
"type": "type 5 noun",
"voc": "mēle, mēļ"
},
"name": "ltg-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"id": "en-mēle-ltg-noun-snFSEtk5",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latgalian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latgalian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ltg",
"name": "Mouth",
"orig": "ltg:Mouth",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Head and neck",
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ltg",
"name": "Muscles",
"orig": "ltg:Muscles",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"id": "en-mēle-ltg-noun-pO8wS6Qq",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈmʲæ̀ːlʲæ]"
}
],
"word": "mēle"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*melh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hit, to push, to crush, to grind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to hit, to push, to crush, to grind”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "malt",
"3": "",
"4": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Latvian malt (“to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "melekė̃lis",
"3": "",
"4": "uvula"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian melekė̃lis (“uvula”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *mel-, from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to hit, to push, to crush, to grind”) (whence also Latvian malt (“to grind”), q.v.; see also meli (“lies”)). The original meaning was apparently “(organ) used for pushing, grinding (food, in the mouth)”. Cognates include Lithuanian melekė̃lis (“uvula”), Russian dialectal ме́ля (mélja, “chatterbox, chatty person”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-5",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5th declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "mēle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlēm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlēm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "mēle f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "5th"
},
"expansion": "mēle f (5th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mē",
"2": "e",
"3": "5th",
"4": "",
"5": "l",
"6": "ļ",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mē",
"2": "e",
"4": "",
"5": "l",
"6": "ļ",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-5"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mēle",
"10": "mēlēm",
"11": "mēlē",
"12": "mēlēs",
"13": "mēle",
"14": "mēles",
"2": "mēles",
"3": "mēli",
"4": "mēles",
"5": "mēles",
"6": "mēļu",
"7": "mēlei",
"8": "mēlēm",
"9": "mēli",
"type": "5th declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "lv:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 6 32 7 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "tongue body, muscles",
"text": "mēles ķermenis, muskuļi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the end(ing) of the tongue",
"text": "mēles galotne",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the tip of the tongue",
"text": "mēles galiņš",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the root of the tongue",
"text": "mēles sakne",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the back of the tongue",
"text": "mēles muguriņa",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to show, stick out one's tongue",
"text": "rādīt mēli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the cat laps milk with his tongue",
"text": "kaķis lok pienu ar mēli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to lick with (one's) tongue",
"text": "laizīt ar mēli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(his) tongue stiffened, he can't speak",
"text": "mēli kļuvusi stīva, nevar parunā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "both of them had dry mouths, and they stopped the conversation in order to save some saliva on (their) tongues",
"text": "abiem mutes bija sausas, un viņi pārtrauca sarunas, lai mazliet sakrātu siekalas uz mēles",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the Latvian language distinguishes front vowels with high, medium and low tongue height",
"text": "latviešu valodā izšķir augsta, vidēja un zema mēles pacēluma priekšējās rindas patskaņus",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue (muscular mouth organ used for moving food around in the mouth, for tasting, and as one of the organs of speaking)"
],
"id": "en-mēle-lv-noun-IJchV1pN",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"muscular",
"muscular#English"
],
[
"mouth",
"mouth#English"
],
[
"organ",
"organ#English"
],
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"moving",
"move#English"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
],
[
"around",
"around#English"
],
[
"tasting",
"taste#English"
],
[
"speak",
"speak#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) tongue (muscular mouth organ used for moving food around in the mouth, for tasting, and as one of the organs of speaking)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "sharp tongue",
"text": "asa mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a tongue like nettles (= sharp tongue)",
"text": "mēle kā nātre",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "evil tongue",
"text": "ļauna mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "agile tongue",
"text": "veikla mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sweet tongue",
"text": "salda mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "friendly, kind tongue",
"text": "mīlīga mēle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue (way, style, attitude of speaking)"
],
"id": "en-mēle-lv-noun-LEm8LhY9",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"way",
"way#English"
],
[
"style",
"style#English"
],
[
"attitude",
"attitude#English"
],
[
"speak",
"speak#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) tongue (way, style, attitude of speaking)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "tongue sausage",
"text": "mēles desa",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "stewed tongue",
"text": "sautēta mēle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue (the animal's body part, seen as food)"
],
"id": "en-mēle-lv-noun-LnFwKbGA",
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
],
[
"body",
"body#English"
],
[
"part",
"part#English"
],
[
"see",
"see#English"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) tongue (the animal's body part, seen as food)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 5 6 32 7 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Latvian tongue",
"text": "latviešu mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "German, French tongue",
"text": "vācu, franču mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "foreign tongue",
"text": "sveša mēle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue, language"
],
"id": "en-mēle-lv-noun-Rop~~rzf",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"qualifier": "dated sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated sense) tongue, language"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 11 17 17 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to get a potential informant (lit. tongue)",
"text": "saņemt mēli",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"potential informant, source (prisoner who can talk, who has valuable information about the enemy)"
],
"id": "en-mēle-lv-noun-N6P2q8cO",
"links": [
[
"potential",
"potential"
],
[
"informant",
"informant"
],
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner#English"
],
[
"talk",
"talk#English"
],
[
"has",
"have#English"
],
[
"valuable",
"valuable#English"
],
[
"information",
"information#English"
],
[
"enemy",
"enemy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) potential informant, source (prisoner who can talk, who has valuable information about the enemy)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 28 6 3 5 12 4 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 22 4 3 4 9 3 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 6 32 7 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 9 16 17 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a tongue flame, fire",
"text": "liesmu, uguns mēles",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a stripe, streak (lit. tongue) of land",
"text": "zemes mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the bell's copper clapper was silent",
"text": "zvana vara mēle klusēja",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue (an object or phenomenon with a flat, elongated shape)"
],
"id": "en-mēle-lv-noun-sGIsxRFT",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"object",
"object#English"
],
[
"phenomenon",
"phenomenon#English"
],
[
"flat",
"flat#English"
],
[
"elongate",
"elongate#English"
],
[
"shape",
"shape#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) tongue (an object or phenomenon with a flat, elongated shape)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[mɛ̀ːlɛ]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-mēle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Lv-riga-m%C4%93le.ogg/Lv-riga-m%C4%93le.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Lv-riga-m%C4%93le.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:mēle"
],
"word": "mēle"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latgalian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latgalian feminine nouns",
"Latgalian lemmas",
"Latgalian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Latgalian nouns",
"Latgalian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ltg:Mouth",
"ltg:Muscles"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "mēle"
},
"expansion": "Latvian mēle",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognates include Latvian mēle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mēleite",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ltg-decl-noun/5",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5 noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "mēle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dialectal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dialectal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļuos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "noun",
"3": "diminutive",
"4": "mēleite",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "mēle f (diminutive mēleite)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "mēleite"
},
"expansion": "mēle f (diminutive mēleite)",
"name": "ltg-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mēle"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ltg-decl-noun/5"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mēle",
"10": "mēlēs, mēļuos¹⁾",
"2": "mēlis, mēles¹⁾",
"3": "mēlei",
"4": "mēli",
"5": "mēlē, mēlī¹⁾",
"6": "mēlis, mēles¹⁾",
"7": "mēļu",
"8": "mēlem, mēļom¹⁾",
"9": "mēlis, mēles¹⁾",
"notes": "¹⁾ dialectal",
"type": "type 5 noun",
"voc": "mēle, mēļ"
},
"name": "ltg-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈmʲæ̀ːlʲæ]"
}
],
"word": "mēle"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian feminine nouns",
"Latvian fifth declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian noun forms",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian words with falling intonation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*melh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to hit, to push, to crush, to grind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to hit, to push, to crush, to grind”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "malt",
"3": "",
"4": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Latvian malt (“to grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "melekė̃lis",
"3": "",
"4": "uvula"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian melekė̃lis (“uvula”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *mel-, from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to hit, to push, to crush, to grind”) (whence also Latvian malt (“to grind”), q.v.; see also meli (“lies”)). The original meaning was apparently “(organ) used for pushing, grinding (food, in the mouth)”. Cognates include Lithuanian melekė̃lis (“uvula”), Russian dialectal ме́ля (mélja, “chatterbox, chatty person”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-5",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5th declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "mēle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēļu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlēm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlēm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mēlēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mēle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mēles",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "mēle f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "5th"
},
"expansion": "mēle f (5th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mē",
"2": "e",
"3": "5th",
"4": "",
"5": "l",
"6": "ļ",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mē",
"2": "e",
"4": "",
"5": "l",
"6": "ļ",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-5"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mēle",
"10": "mēlēm",
"11": "mēlē",
"12": "mēlēs",
"13": "mēle",
"14": "mēles",
"2": "mēles",
"3": "mēli",
"4": "mēles",
"5": "mēles",
"6": "mēļu",
"7": "mēlei",
"8": "mēlēm",
"9": "mēli",
"type": "5th declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"lv:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "tongue body, muscles",
"text": "mēles ķermenis, muskuļi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the end(ing) of the tongue",
"text": "mēles galotne",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the tip of the tongue",
"text": "mēles galiņš",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the root of the tongue",
"text": "mēles sakne",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the back of the tongue",
"text": "mēles muguriņa",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to show, stick out one's tongue",
"text": "rādīt mēli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the cat laps milk with his tongue",
"text": "kaķis lok pienu ar mēli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to lick with (one's) tongue",
"text": "laizīt ar mēli",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(his) tongue stiffened, he can't speak",
"text": "mēli kļuvusi stīva, nevar parunā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "both of them had dry mouths, and they stopped the conversation in order to save some saliva on (their) tongues",
"text": "abiem mutes bija sausas, un viņi pārtrauca sarunas, lai mazliet sakrātu siekalas uz mēles",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the Latvian language distinguishes front vowels with high, medium and low tongue height",
"text": "latviešu valodā izšķir augsta, vidēja un zema mēles pacēluma priekšējās rindas patskaņus",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue (muscular mouth organ used for moving food around in the mouth, for tasting, and as one of the organs of speaking)"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"muscular",
"muscular#English"
],
[
"mouth",
"mouth#English"
],
[
"organ",
"organ#English"
],
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"moving",
"move#English"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
],
[
"around",
"around#English"
],
[
"tasting",
"taste#English"
],
[
"speak",
"speak#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) tongue (muscular mouth organ used for moving food around in the mouth, for tasting, and as one of the organs of speaking)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "sharp tongue",
"text": "asa mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a tongue like nettles (= sharp tongue)",
"text": "mēle kā nātre",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "evil tongue",
"text": "ļauna mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "agile tongue",
"text": "veikla mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sweet tongue",
"text": "salda mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "friendly, kind tongue",
"text": "mīlīga mēle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue (way, style, attitude of speaking)"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"way",
"way#English"
],
[
"style",
"style#English"
],
[
"attitude",
"attitude#English"
],
[
"speak",
"speak#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) tongue (way, style, attitude of speaking)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "tongue sausage",
"text": "mēles desa",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "stewed tongue",
"text": "sautēta mēle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue (the animal's body part, seen as food)"
],
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
],
[
"body",
"body#English"
],
[
"part",
"part#English"
],
[
"see",
"see#English"
],
[
"food",
"food#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) tongue (the animal's body part, seen as food)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with dated senses",
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Latvian tongue",
"text": "latviešu mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "German, French tongue",
"text": "vācu, franču mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "foreign tongue",
"text": "sveša mēle",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue, language"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"qualifier": "dated sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated sense) tongue, language"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to get a potential informant (lit. tongue)",
"text": "saņemt mēli",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"potential informant, source (prisoner who can talk, who has valuable information about the enemy)"
],
"links": [
[
"potential",
"potential"
],
[
"informant",
"informant"
],
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner#English"
],
[
"talk",
"talk#English"
],
[
"has",
"have#English"
],
[
"valuable",
"valuable#English"
],
[
"information",
"information#English"
],
[
"enemy",
"enemy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) potential informant, source (prisoner who can talk, who has valuable information about the enemy)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a tongue flame, fire",
"text": "liesmu, uguns mēles",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a stripe, streak (lit. tongue) of land",
"text": "zemes mēle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the bell's copper clapper was silent",
"text": "zvana vara mēle klusēja",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue (an object or phenomenon with a flat, elongated shape)"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"object",
"object#English"
],
[
"phenomenon",
"phenomenon#English"
],
[
"flat",
"flat#English"
],
[
"elongate",
"elongate#English"
],
[
"shape",
"shape#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) tongue (an object or phenomenon with a flat, elongated shape)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-5",
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[mɛ̀ːlɛ]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-mēle.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Lv-riga-m%C4%93le.ogg/Lv-riga-m%C4%93le.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Lv-riga-m%C4%93le.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:mēle"
],
"word": "mēle"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mēle meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.