See l- on Wiktionary
{
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"deprecated notation for levorotatory (versus modern notation, (−))."
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"chemistry",
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"(chemistry) deprecated notation for levorotatory (versus modern notation, (−))."
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"physical-sciences"
]
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"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
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],
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[
"ł-",
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"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms many intransitive verbs"
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"tags": [
"morpheme"
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{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms iterative verbs via classifier shift from the ł-classifier"
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{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms reciprocal verbs"
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{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms benefactive verbs"
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"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms mediopassive verbs"
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"tags": [
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"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms neuter (adjectival) verbs from nouns"
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"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms transitive verbs with incorporated objects"
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"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Appears in many imitative and onomatopoeic verbs"
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"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Appears in many verbs with no clear function"
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"word": "l-"
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"word": "il-"
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"alternative form of il-"
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"name": "Navajo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he’s drying it (ná-yi-ł-tsááh)",
"text": "néíłtsááh",
"translation": "he’s drying it (ná-yi-ł-tsááh)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"english": "it’s being dried (ná-l-tsááh)",
"text": "náltsááh",
"translation": "it’s being dried (ná-l-tsááh)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the l- classifier or valence-change prefix, a detransitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb, and occurs in most passive, mediopassive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs that are derived from verbs with a ł- classifier"
],
"id": "en-l--nv-prefix-nv:classifier",
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[
"valence",
"valence#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
],
[
"detransitivizing",
"transitivize#English"
],
[
"voice",
"voice#English"
],
[
"ł-",
"ł-#Navajo"
]
],
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},
{
"word": "ł-"
},
{
"word": "∅-"
}
],
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"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/l-/"
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"word": "l-"
}
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"expansion": "l-",
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"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of several classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Wailaki verb, used primary to passivize transitive verbs formed with the ł-classifier."
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},
{
"word": "ł-"
}
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"senseid": [
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]
}
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"word": "l-"
}
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"expansion": "l-",
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-l--yur-root-01iMr8UI",
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"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/l/"
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],
"word": "l-"
}
{
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"Ahtna lemmas",
"Ahtna prefixes",
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"Pages with 6 entries",
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"etymology_text": "Formed from the ł- classifier with d-effect",
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"name": "head"
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],
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"lang_code": "aht",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
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},
{
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{
"word": "∅-"
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],
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"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms the passive of (mostly transitive) verbs with the ł-classifier"
],
"links": [
[
"ł-",
"ł-#Ahtna"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
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{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms many intransitive verbs"
],
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"morpheme"
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"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms iterative verbs via classifier shift from the ł-classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms reciprocal verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms benefactive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms reflexive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms mediopassive verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms neuter (adjectival) verbs from nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Forms transitive verbs with incorporated objects"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Appears in many imitative and onomatopoeic verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:",
"Appears in many verbs with no clear function"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "l-"
}
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"2": "article"
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"expansion": "l-",
"name": "head"
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"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "article",
"senses": [
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"word": "il-"
}
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"Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"Maltese lemmas",
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"Pages with entries"
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"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"il-",
"il-#Maltese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/l/"
}
],
"word": "l-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Produced from an earlier combination of the two classifiers ł- + d-.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "nv",
"2": "prefix"
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"expansion": "l-",
"name": "head"
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"lang_code": "nv",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "d-"
},
{
"word": "ł-"
},
{
"word": "∅-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Navajo entries with incorrect language header",
"Navajo lemmas",
"Navajo prefixes",
"Navajo terms prefixed with l- (classifier)",
"Navajo terms with usage examples",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he’s drying it (ná-yi-ł-tsááh)",
"text": "néíłtsááh",
"translation": "he’s drying it (ná-yi-ł-tsááh)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"english": "it’s being dried (ná-l-tsááh)",
"text": "náltsááh",
"translation": "it’s being dried (ná-l-tsááh)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the l- classifier or valence-change prefix, a detransitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb, and occurs in most passive, mediopassive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs that are derived from verbs with a ł- classifier"
],
"links": [
[
"valence",
"valence#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
],
[
"detransitivizing",
"transitivize#English"
],
[
"voice",
"voice#English"
],
[
"ł-",
"ł-#Navajo"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nv:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/l-/"
}
],
"word": "l-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "l-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with manual fragments",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual prefixes",
"mul:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"deprecated notation for levorotatory (versus modern notation, (−))."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"deprecated",
"deprecated#Adjective"
],
[
"levorotatory",
"levorotatory#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) deprecated notation for levorotatory (versus modern notation, (−))."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "l-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlk",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "l-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Wailaki",
"lang_code": "wlk",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "d-"
},
{
"word": "ł-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Wailaki entries with incorrect language header",
"Wailaki lemmas",
"Wailaki prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"The l-classifier, one of several classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Wailaki verb, used primary to passivize transitive verbs formed with the ł-classifier."
],
"senseid": [
"wlk:classifier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "l-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yur",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "l-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yurok",
"lang_code": "yur",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yurok entries with incorrect language header",
"Yurok lemmas",
"Yurok roots"
],
"glosses": [
"Semantically empty, default root."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/l/"
}
],
"word": "l-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for l- meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (e2469cc and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.