See lūkan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lūcan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lūcan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lūcan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "luken",
"3": "louken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: luken, louken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: luken, louken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lock"
},
"expansion": "English: lock",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "loken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English loken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Middle English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">loken</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">lokken</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Middle English loken, lokken)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "English: lock (merged with descendant of Middle English loken, lokken)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "louk",
"3": "lowk"
},
"expansion": "Scots: louk, lowk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: louk, lowk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lūka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lūka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lūka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "touluuke",
"3": "touluke",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: touluuke, touluke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: touluuke, touluke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lûke"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: lûke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: lûke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lūkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lūkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "belûken",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: belûken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: belûken"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "entlûken",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: entlûken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: entlûken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*lūcan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *lūcan\nMiddle Dutch: luken\nDutch: luiken",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *lūcan\nMiddle Dutch: luken\nDutch: luiken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*lūhhan",
"3": "*liohhan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *lūhhan, *liohhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *lūhhan, *liohhan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "lūchen",
"3": "liechen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: lūchen, liechen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: lūchen, liechen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "lauchen",
"3": "liechen"
},
"expansion": "German: lauchen, liechen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: lauchen, liechen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "innebilūhhan",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: innebilūhhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: innebilūhhan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "untarlūhhan",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: untarlūhhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: untarlūhhan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ūzbilūhhan",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: ūzbilūhhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: ūzbilūhhan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lūkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lūkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *lūkaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lūku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lukum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lukud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lukun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lukīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lukīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lukīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lokan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "*leukan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*lūkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lūkan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to close, to shut"
],
"id": "en-lūkan-gmw-pro-verb-VTbuNM3i",
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"shut",
"shut"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "lūkan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lūcan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: lūcan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: lūcan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "luken",
"3": "louken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: luken, louken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: luken, louken"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lock"
},
"expansion": "English: lock",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "loken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English loken",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with descendant of Middle English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">loken</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"enm\">lokken</i>"
},
"expansion": "(merged with descendant of Middle English loken, lokken)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "English: lock (merged with descendant of Middle English loken, lokken)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "louk",
"3": "lowk"
},
"expansion": "Scots: louk, lowk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: louk, lowk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lūka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lūka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lūka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "touluuke",
"3": "touluke",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: touluuke, touluke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Saterland Frisian: touluuke, touluke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lûke"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: lûke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: lûke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lūkan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lūkan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "belûken",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: belûken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: belûken"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "entlûken",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Low German: entlûken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Low German: entlûken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*lūcan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *lūcan\nMiddle Dutch: luken\nDutch: luiken",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *lūcan\nMiddle Dutch: luken\nDutch: luiken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*lūhhan",
"3": "*liohhan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *lūhhan, *liohhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *lūhhan, *liohhan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "lūchen",
"3": "liechen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: lūchen, liechen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: lūchen, liechen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "lauchen",
"3": "liechen"
},
"expansion": "German: lauchen, liechen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: lauchen, liechen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "innebilūhhan",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: innebilūhhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: innebilūhhan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "untarlūhhan",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: untarlūhhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: untarlūhhan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ūzbilūhhan",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: ūzbilūhhan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: ūzbilūhhan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lūkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lūkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *lūkaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lūku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lauk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lukum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lukud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lukun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lukī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lukīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lukīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lukīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lūk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lūkandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lokan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "*leukan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*lūkan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/lūkan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to close, to shut"
],
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"shut",
"shut"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "lūkan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lūkan meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.