See kuml on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cumbl",
"3": "cumbol"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cumbl, cumbol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cumbl, cumbol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kumbl",
"3": "kumbal"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kumbl, kumbal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kumbl, kumbal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kumlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kumlą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kumlą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*kuml n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuml",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sign"
],
"id": "en-kuml-gmw-pro-noun-C285XKFK",
"links": [
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kuml"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "koumoul"
},
"expansion": "Breton: koumoul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: koumoul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "kommol"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: kommol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: kommol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cwmwl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: cwmwl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: cwmwl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cwmwl"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cwmwl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cwmwl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cumulus"
},
"expansion": "Latin cumulus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "comble"
},
"expansion": "French comble",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*cumblus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cumblus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cumulus. The lack of lenition on the m is problematic; one would have expected *kuβ̃(u)l. GPC suggests that, like French comble, it comes from a Vulgar Latin *cumblus from *cumlus, syncopated from cumulus, and not directly from cumulus itself.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "*{{{2}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "*{{{pl2}}}",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*kuml m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/kuml",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Brythonic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cloud (visible mass of water droplets)"
],
"id": "en-kuml-cel-bry-pro-noun-pdf0~8wj",
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kuml"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kumls",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumls",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "kuml",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "kumls",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kuml n (genitive singular kumls, nominative plural kuml)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "kumls",
"3": "kuml"
},
"expansion": "kuml n (genitive singular kumls, nominative plural kuml)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pagan grave"
],
"id": "en-kuml-is-noun-sviA~l9W",
"links": [
[
"pagan",
"pagan"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "kuml"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kumls",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumls",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "kuml",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "kumls",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kuml n (genitive singular kumls, nominative plural kuml)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "kumls",
"3": "kuml"
},
"expansion": "kuml n (genitive singular kumls, nominative plural kuml)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic countable nouns",
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic neuter nouns",
"Icelandic nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pagan grave"
],
"links": [
[
"pagan",
"pagan"
],
[
"grave",
"grave"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "kuml"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "koumoul"
},
"expansion": "Breton: koumoul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: koumoul"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "kommol"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: kommol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: kommol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cwmwl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: cwmwl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: cwmwl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cwmwl"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cwmwl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cwmwl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "cumulus"
},
"expansion": "Latin cumulus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "comble"
},
"expansion": "French comble",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*cumblus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cumblus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cumulus. The lack of lenition on the m is problematic; one would have expected *kuβ̃(u)l. GPC suggests that, like French comble, it comes from a Vulgar Latin *cumblus from *cumlus, syncopated from cumulus, and not directly from cumulus itself.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "*{{{2}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "*{{{pl2}}}",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*kuml m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/kuml",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Brythonic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Brythonic lemmas",
"Proto-Brythonic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Brythonic nouns",
"Proto-Brythonic terms borrowed from Latin",
"Proto-Brythonic terms borrowed from Vulgar Latin",
"Proto-Brythonic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-Brythonic terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"cel-bry-pro:Weather"
],
"glosses": [
"cloud (visible mass of water droplets)"
],
"links": [
[
"cloud",
"cloud"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kuml"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cumbl",
"3": "cumbol"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cumbl, cumbol",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cumbl, cumbol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kumbl",
"3": "kumbal"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kumbl, kumbal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kumbl, kumbal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kumlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kumlą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kumlą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuml",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kumlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*kuml n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuml",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic neuter a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"sign"
],
"links": [
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kuml"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kuml meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"kuml"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kuml",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"kuml"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kuml",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.