kuml in Proto-Brythonic

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Etymology: Borrowed from Latin cumulus. The lack of lenition on the m is problematic; one would have expected *kuβ̃(u)l. GPC suggests that, like French comble, it comes from a Vulgar Latin *cumblus from *cumlus, syncopated from cumulus, and not directly from cumulus itself. Etymology templates: {{bor|cel-bry-pro|la|cumulus}} Latin cumulus, {{cog|fr|comble}} French comble, {{bor|cel-bry-pro|VL.|*cumblus}} Vulgar Latin *cumblus Head templates: {{head|cel-bry-pro|noun||*{{{2}}}||*{{{pl2}}}|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=}} *kuml m

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "koumoul"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: koumoul",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: koumoul"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kw",
            "2": "kommol"
          },
          "expansion": "Cornish: kommol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cornish: kommol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "cwmwl"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: cwmwl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: cwmwl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "cwmwl"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: cwmwl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: cwmwl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-bry-pro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cumulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cumulus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "comble"
      },
      "expansion": "French comble",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-bry-pro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*cumblus"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cumblus",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cumulus. The lack of lenition on the m is problematic; one would have expected *kuβ̃(u)l. GPC suggests that, like French comble, it comes from a Vulgar Latin *cumblus from *cumlus, syncopated from cumulus, and not directly from cumulus itself.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-bry-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*{{{2}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "*{{{pl2}}}",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*kuml m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
  "lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/kuml",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Brythonic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cloud (visible mass of water droplets)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kuml-cel-bry-pro-noun-pdf0~8wj",
      "links": [
        [
          "cloud",
          "cloud"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kuml"
}

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "br",
            "2": "koumoul"
          },
          "expansion": "Breton: koumoul",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Breton: koumoul"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kw",
            "2": "kommol"
          },
          "expansion": "Cornish: kommol",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cornish: kommol"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "cwmwl"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: cwmwl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: cwmwl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "cwmwl"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: cwmwl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: cwmwl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-bry-pro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cumulus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cumulus",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "comble"
      },
      "expansion": "French comble",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-bry-pro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*cumblus"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cumblus",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cumulus. The lack of lenition on the m is problematic; one would have expected *kuβ̃(u)l. GPC suggests that, like French comble, it comes from a Vulgar Latin *cumblus from *cumlus, syncopated from cumulus, and not directly from cumulus itself.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-bry-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*{{{2}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "*{{{pl2}}}",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*kuml m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
  "lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/kuml",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Brythonic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Brythonic lemmas",
        "Proto-Brythonic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Brythonic nouns",
        "Proto-Brythonic terms borrowed from Latin",
        "Proto-Brythonic terms borrowed from Vulgar Latin",
        "Proto-Brythonic terms derived from Latin",
        "Proto-Brythonic terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
        "cel-bry-pro:Weather"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cloud (visible mass of water droplets)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cloud",
          "cloud"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kuml"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Brythonic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"kuml" meaning in Proto-Brythonic

Noun