See któż on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "któż"
},
"expansion": "Polish: któż",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: któż"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "af",
"3": "kto>who",
"4": "-ż>emphatic",
"id": "who",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kas\nProto-Indo-European *só\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tas\nProto-Slavic *tъ\nProto-Slavic *to\nProto-Slavic *kъto\nOld Polish kto\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ge\nProto-Slavic *že\nOld Polish -ż\nOld Polish któż",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
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"3": "-ż"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "ktož"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech ktož",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kas\nProto-Indo-European *só\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tas\nProto-Slavic *tъ\nProto-Slavic *to\nProto-Slavic *kъto\nOld Polish kto\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ge\nProto-Slavic *že\nOld Polish -ż\nOld Polish któż\nFrom kto + -ż. First attested in the 14th century. Compare Old Czech ktož.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "pronoun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "któż m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
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"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
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"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ż",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
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}
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],
"ref": "1876-1929 [1413-4], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume 14, page 502:",
"text": "Ach, myly bosse, kthoz v cyebye bycz mosse?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"id": "en-któż-zlw-opl-pron-btAzcUC9",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic, interrogative) who"
],
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"interrogative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
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{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ż",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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},
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"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ath 26:",
"text": "Ktosz chcze przeto zbawon bycz, tako o troyczy rozvmey",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
50
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],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Deut”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 18, 3:",
"text": "To to gest prawo kaplanske w lvdv y od tich, ktosz offyervge obyati swe",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"id": "en-któż-zlw-opl-pron-btAzcUC91",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"qualifier": "Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic, relative, Lesser Poland) who"
],
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"masculine",
"relative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ktɔːʃ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ktoʃ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "któż"
}
{
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kas\nProto-Indo-European *só\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tas\nProto-Slavic *tъ\nProto-Slavic *to\nProto-Slavic *kъto\nOld Polish kto\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ge\nProto-Slavic *že\nOld Polish -ż\nOld Polish któż\nPolish któż",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "któż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish któż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "któż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish któż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kto",
"3": "-ż"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, kto + -ż",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kas\nProto-Indo-European *só\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tas\nProto-Slavic *tъ\nProto-Slavic *to\nProto-Slavic *kъto\nOld Polish kto\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ge\nProto-Slavic *že\nOld Polish -ż\nOld Polish któż\nPolish któż\nInherited from Old Polish któż. By surface analysis, kto + -ż.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-sing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "któż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "komuż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "któż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "któż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"któż"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
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"2": "kogoż",
"3": "komuż",
"4": "kogoż",
"5": "kimże",
"6": "kimże",
"7": "któż"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-sing"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 25 25 25",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ż",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"id": "en-któż-pl-pron-btAzcUC9",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic, interrogative, literary) who"
],
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"interrogative",
"literary"
]
},
{
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{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ż",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"id": "en-któż-pl-pron-btAzcUC91",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic, relative, literary) who"
],
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"literary",
"relative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈktuʂ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʂ"
}
],
"word": "któż"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish pronouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -ż",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "któż"
},
"expansion": "Polish: któż",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: któż"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "af",
"3": "kto>who",
"4": "-ż>emphatic",
"id": "who",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kas\nProto-Indo-European *só\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tas\nProto-Slavic *tъ\nProto-Slavic *to\nProto-Slavic *kъto\nOld Polish kto\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ge\nProto-Slavic *že\nOld Polish -ż\nOld Polish któż",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "kto",
"3": "-ż"
},
"expansion": "kto + -ż",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "ktož"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech ktož",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kas\nProto-Indo-European *só\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tas\nProto-Slavic *tъ\nProto-Slavic *to\nProto-Slavic *kъto\nOld Polish kto\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ge\nProto-Slavic *že\nOld Polish -ż\nOld Polish któż\nFrom kto + -ż. First attested in the 14th century. Compare Old Czech ktož.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "pronoun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "któż m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
22
]
],
"ref": "1876-1929 [1413-4], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume 14, page 502:",
"text": "Ach, myly bosse, kthoz v cyebye bycz mosse?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic, interrogative) who"
],
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"interrogative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ath 26:",
"text": "Ktosz chcze przeto zbawon bycz, tako o troyczy rozvmey",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Deut”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 18, 3:",
"text": "To to gest prawo kaplanske w lvdv y od tich, ktosz offyervge obyati swe",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"qualifier": "Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic, relative, Lesser Poland) who"
],
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"masculine",
"relative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ktɔːʃ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ktoʃ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "któż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish pronouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ż",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/uʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/uʂ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "zlw-opl>któż>who",
"id": "who",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kas\nProto-Indo-European *só\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tas\nProto-Slavic *tъ\nProto-Slavic *to\nProto-Slavic *kъto\nOld Polish kto\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ge\nProto-Slavic *že\nOld Polish -ż\nOld Polish któż\nPolish któż",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "któż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish któż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "któż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish któż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kto",
"3": "-ż"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, kto + -ż",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *kʷós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kas\nProto-Indo-European *só\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tas\nProto-Slavic *tъ\nProto-Slavic *to\nProto-Slavic *kъto\nOld Polish kto\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ge\nProto-Slavic *že\nOld Polish -ż\nOld Polish któż\nPolish któż\nInherited from Old Polish któż. By surface analysis, kto + -ż.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-sing",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "któż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "komuż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kogoż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kimże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "któż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "któż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"któż"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "któż",
"2": "kogoż",
"3": "komuż",
"4": "kogoż",
"5": "kimże",
"6": "kimże",
"7": "któż"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-sing"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic, interrogative, literary) who"
],
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"interrogative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"who"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(emphatic, relative, literary) who"
],
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"literary",
"relative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈktuʂ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʂ"
}
],
"word": "któż"
}
Download raw JSONL data for któż meaning in All languages combined (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.