See krupilaz on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*krupil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krupil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krupil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "crypel"
},
"expansion": "Old English: crypel\nMiddle English: crüpel, crepel, cripel\nEnglish: cripple, (dialectal) creeple\nScots: crepill, cripill, crippill, crupple",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: crypel\nMiddle English: crüpel, crepel, cripel\nEnglish: cripple, (dialectal) creeple\nScots: crepill, cripill, crippill, crupple"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*krepel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *krepel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *krepel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Krepel"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Krepel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Krepel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "krepel",
"3": "kreupel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: krepel, kreupel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: krepel, kreupel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*krupil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *krupil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *krupil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kropel",
"3": "krȫpel",
"4": "kröppel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kropel, krȫpel, kröppel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kropel, krȫpel, kröppel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Kröpel"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Kröpel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Kröpel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "krupel",
"3": "kruppel",
"4": "krüpel",
"5": "krüppel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: krupel, kruppel, krüpel, krüppel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: krupel, kruppel, krüpel, krüppel"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Krüppel"
},
"expansion": "German: Krüppel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Krüppel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*crupil"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *crupil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *crupil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cropel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cropel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cropel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kreupel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kreupel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kreupel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kryppill"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kryppill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kryppill"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krøbbel"
},
"expansion": "Danish: krøbbel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: krøbbel; krøbling"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kryppill"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kryppill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: kryppill"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "krypil"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: krypil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: krypil; kryplingur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "krøpling"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: krøpling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: krøpling"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "krympling"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: krympling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: krympling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kreupaną",
"3": "*-ilaz",
"id2": "agent noun",
"t1": "to crawl, writhe",
"t2": "agent noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "*kreupaną (“to crawl, writhe”) + *-ilaz (“agent noun suffix”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kreupaną (“to crawl, writhe”) + *-ilaz (“agent noun suffix”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krupilaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ilaz (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a cripple"
],
"id": "en-krupilaz-gem-pro-noun-uIxVkaI0",
"links": [
[
"cripple",
"cripple"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kreupaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkru.pi.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "krupilaz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*krupil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krupil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krupil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "crypel"
},
"expansion": "Old English: crypel\nMiddle English: crüpel, crepel, cripel\nEnglish: cripple, (dialectal) creeple\nScots: crepill, cripill, crippill, crupple",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: crypel\nMiddle English: crüpel, crepel, cripel\nEnglish: cripple, (dialectal) creeple\nScots: crepill, cripill, crippill, crupple"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*krepel"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *krepel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *krepel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Krepel"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Krepel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Krepel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "krepel",
"3": "kreupel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: krepel, kreupel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: krepel, kreupel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*krupil"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *krupil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *krupil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kropel",
"3": "krȫpel",
"4": "kröppel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kropel, krȫpel, kröppel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kropel, krȫpel, kröppel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Kröpel"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Kröpel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Kröpel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "krupel",
"3": "kruppel",
"4": "krüpel",
"5": "krüppel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: krupel, kruppel, krüpel, krüppel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: krupel, kruppel, krüpel, krüppel"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Krüppel"
},
"expansion": "German: Krüppel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Krüppel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*crupil"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *crupil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *crupil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cropel"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: cropel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: cropel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kreupel"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kreupel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kreupel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kryppill"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kryppill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kryppill"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krøbbel"
},
"expansion": "Danish: krøbbel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: krøbbel; krøbling"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kryppill"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kryppill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: kryppill"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "krypil"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: krypil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: krypil; kryplingur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "krøpling"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: krøpling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: krøpling"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "krympling"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: krympling",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: krympling"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kreupaną",
"3": "*-ilaz",
"id2": "agent noun",
"t1": "to crawl, writhe",
"t2": "agent noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "*kreupaną (“to crawl, writhe”) + *-ilaz (“agent noun suffix”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kreupaną (“to crawl, writhe”) + *-ilaz (“agent noun suffix”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krupilamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krupilaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kreupaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ilaz (agent noun)"
],
"glosses": [
"a cripple"
],
"links": [
[
"cripple",
"cripple"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkru.pi.lɑz/"
}
],
"word": "krupilaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for krupilaz meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.