See kruien on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bovenkruier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kruier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kruilier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kruipaal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kruipad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kruirad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kruivloer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kruiwagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kruiwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kruiwiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "zelfkruiing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "zetelkruier"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cruden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cruden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*crūdan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *crūdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krūdaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krūdaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crowd"
},
"expansion": "English crowd",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A contraction of kruiden (“to push”), from Middle Dutch cruden, from Old Dutch *crūdan, from Proto-Germanic *krūdaną, *kreudaną. Cognate with English crowd.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kruiden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruiden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kruiend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gekruid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2b",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krooi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krooi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krooi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krooit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krooit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krooi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krooien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krooie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krooien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kruiend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gekrooien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kruien",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"krui‧en"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krui"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krui",
"2": "krooi",
"3": "krooien",
"class": "2b"
},
"name": "nl-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 10 15 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 10 9 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 8 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Due to the ice jam the ships sailed in convoy.",
"text": "Vanwege het kruiend ijs voeren de schepen in konvooi.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to form or have formed an ice shove or ice jam"
],
"id": "en-kruien-nl-verb-Kctm8Dyc",
"links": [
[
"ice shove",
"ice shove"
],
[
"ice jam",
"ice jam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, of ice) to form or have formed an ice shove or ice jam"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of ice"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to rotate the movable parts of a windmill, e.g. to orient the sweeps to face the wind"
],
"id": "en-kruien-nl-verb-SnWwafjo",
"links": [
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"windmill",
"windmill"
],
[
"orient",
"orient"
],
[
"sweep",
"sweep"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to rotate the movable parts of a windmill, e.g. to orient the sweeps to face the wind"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to transport in a wheelbarrow"
],
"id": "en-kruien-nl-verb-7i~Oy1n7",
"links": [
[
"transport",
"transport"
],
[
"wheelbarrow",
"wheelbarrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to transport in a wheelbarrow"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to push or carry forward"
],
"id": "en-kruien-nl-verb-tbrJetvm",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to push or carry forward"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrœy̯ə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kruien.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Nl-kruien.ogg/Nl-kruien.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Nl-kruien.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-œy̯ən"
}
],
"word": "kruien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch class 2b strong verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/œy̯ən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/œy̯ən/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bovenkruier"
},
{
"word": "kruier"
},
{
"word": "kruilier"
},
{
"word": "kruipaal"
},
{
"word": "kruipad"
},
{
"word": "kruirad"
},
{
"word": "kruivloer"
},
{
"word": "kruiwagen"
},
{
"word": "kruiwerk"
},
{
"word": "kruiwiel"
},
{
"word": "zelfkruiing"
},
{
"word": "zetelkruier"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cruden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cruden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*crūdan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *crūdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krūdaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krūdaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crowd"
},
"expansion": "English crowd",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A contraction of kruiden (“to push”), from Middle Dutch cruden, from Old Dutch *crūdan, from Proto-Germanic *krūdaną, *kreudaną. Cognate with English crowd.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kruiden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruiden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kruiend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gekruid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2b",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krooi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krooi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krooi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krooit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krooit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "krooi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "krooien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krooie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kruien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krooien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "krui",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kruiend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gekrooien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kruien",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"krui‧en"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krui"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krui",
"2": "krooi",
"3": "krooien",
"class": "2b"
},
"name": "nl-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch intransitive verbs",
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Due to the ice jam the ships sailed in convoy.",
"text": "Vanwege het kruiend ijs voeren de schepen in konvooi.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to form or have formed an ice shove or ice jam"
],
"links": [
[
"ice shove",
"ice shove"
],
[
"ice jam",
"ice jam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, of ice) to form or have formed an ice shove or ice jam"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of ice"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to rotate the movable parts of a windmill, e.g. to orient the sweeps to face the wind"
],
"links": [
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"windmill",
"windmill"
],
[
"orient",
"orient"
],
[
"sweep",
"sweep"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to rotate the movable parts of a windmill, e.g. to orient the sweeps to face the wind"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to transport in a wheelbarrow"
],
"links": [
[
"transport",
"transport"
],
[
"wheelbarrow",
"wheelbarrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to transport in a wheelbarrow"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to push or carry forward"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to push or carry forward"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrœy̯ə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kruien.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Nl-kruien.ogg/Nl-kruien.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Nl-kruien.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-œy̯ən"
}
],
"word": "kruien"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kruien meaning in All languages combined (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.