See kroj on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kroj meaning in All languages combined (9.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "kroj",
"4": "",
"5": "cut, style; attire",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech kroj (“cut, style; attire”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "kroj",
"t": "cut, style; attire"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech kroj (“cut, style; attire”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "cs",
"3": "krojit"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from krojit",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "krájet"
},
"expansion": "krájet",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech kroj (“cut, style; attire”). By surface analysis, deverbal from krojit. See also krájet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kroj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krojů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krojům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krojích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krojem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kroj m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kroj"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cs",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "cs:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stejnokroj"
}
],
"glosses": [
"national costume (folk dress)"
],
"id": "en-kroj-cs-noun-rdlK9~0E",
"links": [
[
"national costume",
"national costume"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"cs:kroj"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkroj]"
}
],
"word": "kroj"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "蝸"
},
"expansion": "蝸／蜗 (wō)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k.rˁ-"
},
"expansion": "*k.rˁ-",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*kˁr-"
},
"expansion": "*kˁr-",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "螺"
},
"expansion": "螺 (luó)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Chinese: 蝸／蜗 (wō) /*k.rˤoj/ (dial. *k.rˁ- > *kˁr-) (B-S), /*kroːl, kʷroːl/ (ZS); 螺 (luó) /*k.rˤoj/ (B-S), /*roːl/ (ZS) (\"snail\")"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "蝸",
"ts": "kˠuɛ"
},
"expansion": "蝸／蜗 (wō /kˠuɛ/)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "螺",
"ts": "luɑ"
},
"expansion": "螺 (luó /luɑ/)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chinese: 蝸／蜗 (wō /kˠuɛ/); 螺 (luó /luɑ/) (\"snail\")"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mandarin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "蝸",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "wō, /u̯ɔ⁵⁵/"
},
"expansion": "蝸／蜗 (wō, /u̯ɔ⁵⁵/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "螺",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "luó, /lu̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
"expansion": "螺 (luó, /lu̯ɔ³⁵/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Beijing: 蝸／蜗 (wō, /u̯ɔ⁵⁵/, “snail”); 螺 (luó, /lu̯ɔ³⁵/, “snail”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "蝸",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "/wɔː⁵⁵/"
},
"expansion": "蝸／蜗 (/wɔː⁵⁵/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "螺",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "/lɔː²¹/"
},
"expansion": "螺 (/lɔː²¹/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Cantonese: 蝸／蜗 (/wɔː⁵⁵/, “snail”); 螺 (/lɔː²¹/, “snail”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min Nan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "蝸",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "/o⁴⁴/"
},
"expansion": "蝸／蜗 (/o⁴⁴/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "螺",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "/le²³/"
},
"expansion": "螺 (/le²³/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Xiamen: 蝸／蜗 (/o⁴⁴/, “snail”); 螺 (/le²³/, “snail”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kac",
"2": "khoi",
"3": "",
"4": "shellfish, shell"
},
"expansion": "khoi (“shellfish, shell”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Jingpho [Kachin]: khoi (“shellfish, shell”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ကြွေ",
"t": "shell, cowrie"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ကြွေ (krwe, “shell, cowrie”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Burmese: ကြွေ (krwe, “shell, cowrie”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "Animals"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "topic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蝸"
},
"expansion": "蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "螺"
},
"expansion": "螺 (OC *roːl)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zhx-min-pro",
"2": "*lhoiᴬ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Min *lhoiᴬ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "聿"
},
"expansion": "聿 (MC ywit)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "筆"
},
"expansion": "筆 (MC pit)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蝸"
},
"expansion": "蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "螺"
},
"expansion": "螺 (OC *roːl)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "B.C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "BC"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "C.E.",
"name": "AD"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "206 <small class='ce-date'>BCE</small> — 9 <small class='ce-date'>C.E.</small>"
},
"expansion": "[206 BCE — 9 C.E.]",
"name": "defdate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*蝸",
"tr": "wō"
},
"expansion": "蝸 (wō)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*螺",
"tr": "luó"
},
"expansion": "螺 (luó)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*kloʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "snail, shellfish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kloʔ (“snail, shellfish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*ho:jᴬ",
"3": "",
"4": "shellfish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *ho:jᴬ (“shellfish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "หอย",
"3": "",
"4": "shellfish"
},
"expansion": "Thai หอย (hɔ̌i, “shellfish”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kwroy (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *kroj (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Coblin, 1986)\nOld Chinese 蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl) and 螺 (OC *roːl) both come from this root, but are characterized by a different treatment of the preinitial segment. While the latter regularly lost its preinitial (whose presence is testified by Proto-Min *lhoiᴬ), the former, through a dialectal pronunciation *k.rˁoj > *kˁroj, maintained the velar articulation. In Mandarin the first of these two characters has two pronunciations; besides wō, there's also guā, which shows a more regular development. Baxter and Sagart (2014: 161-164) report many examples of character doublets, like these two, where Old Chinese initial clusters evolve differently due to dialectal influences, cf. 聿 (MC ywit) ~ 筆 (MC pit) < OC *p.rut, distinguished by the reflex of the onset.\n蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl) is attested much earlier than 螺 (OC *roːl). Of the two, it is the only one to be glossed in the Shuowen and it is also found in the Book of Rites. The second is mentioned together with first one in the Jiaoshi Yilin, Jiao Yanshou's commentary to the Yijing written during the Western Han dynasty [206 BCE — 9 C.E.], while explaining hexagram 25.\nAccording to Duan Yucai, by his times 蝸 (wō) meant “terrestrial (unedible) snail”, while 螺 (luó) meant “aquatic (edible) snail”.\nAlthough probably unrelated, words resembling this Proto-Sino-Tibetan root are found in Southeast Asia:\n* Proto-Mon-Khmer *kloʔ (“snail, shellfish”) (Shorto, 2006)\n* Proto-Tai *ho:jᴬ (“shellfish”) (Pittayaporn, 2009), whence Thai หอย (hɔ̌i, “shellfish”)\n* Proto-Mien: *klu̯eiᴬ/ᴮ (Ratliff, 2010)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kroj",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/kroj",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shellfish"
],
"id": "en-kroj-sit-pro-noun-8u~J2QnN",
"links": [
[
"shellfish",
"shellfish"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Rites",
"Duan Yucai",
"Jiaoshi Yilin",
"Shuowen",
"Western Han"
]
}
],
"word": "kroj"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "stejnokroj"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "kroj",
"4": "",
"5": "cut, style; attire",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Czech kroj (“cut, style; attire”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zlw-ocs",
"3": "kroj",
"t": "cut, style; attire"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Czech kroj (“cut, style; attire”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+deverbal",
"2": "cs",
"3": "krojit"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from krojit",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "krájet"
},
"expansion": "krájet",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Czech kroj (“cut, style; attire”). By surface analysis, deverbal from krojit. See also krájet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kroj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krojů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krojům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kroji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kroji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krojích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krojem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kroji",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kroj m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kroj"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech deverbals",
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech inanimate nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech masculine nouns",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech soft masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech terms derived from Old Czech",
"Czech terms inherited from Old Czech",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"cs:Clothing"
],
"glosses": [
"national costume (folk dress)"
],
"links": [
[
"national costume",
"national costume"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"cs:kroj"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkroj]"
}
],
"word": "kroj"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "蝸"
},
"expansion": "蝸／蜗 (wō)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k.rˁ-"
},
"expansion": "*k.rˁ-",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*kˁr-"
},
"expansion": "*kˁr-",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "螺"
},
"expansion": "螺 (luó)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Old Chinese: 蝸／蜗 (wō) /*k.rˤoj/ (dial. *k.rˁ- > *kˁr-) (B-S), /*kroːl, kʷroːl/ (ZS); 螺 (luó) /*k.rˤoj/ (B-S), /*roːl/ (ZS) (\"snail\")"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "蝸",
"ts": "kˠuɛ"
},
"expansion": "蝸／蜗 (wō /kˠuɛ/)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "螺",
"ts": "luɑ"
},
"expansion": "螺 (luó /luɑ/)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Middle Chinese: 蝸／蜗 (wō /kˠuɛ/); 螺 (luó /luɑ/) (\"snail\")"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mandarin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "蝸",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "wō, /u̯ɔ⁵⁵/"
},
"expansion": "蝸／蜗 (wō, /u̯ɔ⁵⁵/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "螺",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "luó, /lu̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
"expansion": "螺 (luó, /lu̯ɔ³⁵/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Beijing: 蝸／蜗 (wō, /u̯ɔ⁵⁵/, “snail”); 螺 (luó, /lu̯ɔ³⁵/, “snail”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yue"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "蝸",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "/wɔː⁵⁵/"
},
"expansion": "蝸／蜗 (/wɔː⁵⁵/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "螺",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "/lɔː²¹/"
},
"expansion": "螺 (/lɔː²¹/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Cantonese: 蝸／蜗 (/wɔː⁵⁵/, “snail”); 螺 (/lɔː²¹/, “snail”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min Nan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "蝸",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "/o⁴⁴/"
},
"expansion": "蝸／蜗 (/o⁴⁴/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "螺",
"3": "",
"4": "snail",
"tr": "/le²³/"
},
"expansion": "螺 (/le²³/, “snail”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Xiamen: 蝸／蜗 (/o⁴⁴/, “snail”); 螺 (/le²³/, “snail”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kac",
"2": "khoi",
"3": "",
"4": "shellfish, shell"
},
"expansion": "khoi (“shellfish, shell”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Jingpho [Kachin]: khoi (“shellfish, shell”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ကြွေ",
"t": "shell, cowrie"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ကြွေ (krwe, “shell, cowrie”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Burmese: ကြွေ (krwe, “shell, cowrie”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "Animals"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "topic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蝸"
},
"expansion": "蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "螺"
},
"expansion": "螺 (OC *roːl)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zhx-min-pro",
"2": "*lhoiᴬ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Min *lhoiᴬ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "聿"
},
"expansion": "聿 (MC ywit)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "筆"
},
"expansion": "筆 (MC pit)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "蝸"
},
"expansion": "蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "螺"
},
"expansion": "螺 (OC *roːl)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "B.C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "BCE",
"name": "BC"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "C.E.",
"name": "AD"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "206 <small class='ce-date'>BCE</small> — 9 <small class='ce-date'>C.E.</small>"
},
"expansion": "[206 BCE — 9 C.E.]",
"name": "defdate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*蝸",
"tr": "wō"
},
"expansion": "蝸 (wō)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*螺",
"tr": "luó"
},
"expansion": "螺 (luó)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*kloʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "snail, shellfish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kloʔ (“snail, shellfish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*ho:jᴬ",
"3": "",
"4": "shellfish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tai *ho:jᴬ (“shellfish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "หอย",
"3": "",
"4": "shellfish"
},
"expansion": "Thai หอย (hɔ̌i, “shellfish”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kwroy (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *kroj (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Coblin, 1986)\nOld Chinese 蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl) and 螺 (OC *roːl) both come from this root, but are characterized by a different treatment of the preinitial segment. While the latter regularly lost its preinitial (whose presence is testified by Proto-Min *lhoiᴬ), the former, through a dialectal pronunciation *k.rˁoj > *kˁroj, maintained the velar articulation. In Mandarin the first of these two characters has two pronunciations; besides wō, there's also guā, which shows a more regular development. Baxter and Sagart (2014: 161-164) report many examples of character doublets, like these two, where Old Chinese initial clusters evolve differently due to dialectal influences, cf. 聿 (MC ywit) ~ 筆 (MC pit) < OC *p.rut, distinguished by the reflex of the onset.\n蝸 (OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl) is attested much earlier than 螺 (OC *roːl). Of the two, it is the only one to be glossed in the Shuowen and it is also found in the Book of Rites. The second is mentioned together with first one in the Jiaoshi Yilin, Jiao Yanshou's commentary to the Yijing written during the Western Han dynasty [206 BCE — 9 C.E.], while explaining hexagram 25.\nAccording to Duan Yucai, by his times 蝸 (wō) meant “terrestrial (unedible) snail”, while 螺 (luó) meant “aquatic (edible) snail”.\nAlthough probably unrelated, words resembling this Proto-Sino-Tibetan root are found in Southeast Asia:\n* Proto-Mon-Khmer *kloʔ (“snail, shellfish”) (Shorto, 2006)\n* Proto-Tai *ho:jᴬ (“shellfish”) (Pittayaporn, 2009), whence Thai หอย (hɔ̌i, “shellfish”)\n* Proto-Mien: *klu̯eiᴬ/ᴮ (Ratliff, 2010)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kroj",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/kroj",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan nouns",
"sit-pro:Animals"
],
"glosses": [
"shellfish"
],
"links": [
[
"shellfish",
"shellfish"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Rites",
"Duan Yucai",
"Jiaoshi Yilin",
"Shuowen",
"Western Han"
]
}
],
"word": "kroj"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.