"krōkōn" meaning in All languages combined

See krōkōn on Wiktionary

Verb [Proto-West Germanic]

Etymology: From *krōk + *-ōn. Compare Proto-West Germanic *kreukan (“to twist, creep”). Etymology templates: {{suf|gmw-pro|*krōk|*-ōn|id2=denominative}} *krōk + *-ōn, {{ncog|gmw-pro|*kreukan|t=to twist, creep}} Proto-West Germanic *kreukan (“to twist, creep”) Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *krōkōn Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk2|krōkōn}} Forms: weak [table-tags], krōkōn [infinitive], krōkōnijas [genitive, infinitive], krōkōnijē [dative, infinitive], krōkōniju [infinitive, instrumental], krōkō [first-person, present, singular], krōkōdā [first-person, past, singular], krōkōs [present, second-person, singular], krōkōdēs [past, second-person, singular], krōkōdōs [past, second-person, singular], krōkōþ [present, singular, third-person], krōkōdē [past, singular, third-person], krōkōdā [past, singular, third-person], krōkōm [first-person, plural, present], krōkōdum [first-person, past, plural], krōkōþ [plural, present, second-person], krōkōdud [past, plural, second-person], krōkōnþ [plural, present, third-person], krōkōdun [past, plural, third-person], krōkōdī [first-person, past, singular], krōkōdī [past, second-person, singular], krōkō [present, singular, third-person], krōkōdī [past, singular, third-person], krōkōdīm [first-person, past, plural], krōkōdīd [past, plural, second-person], krōkōn [plural, present, third-person], krōkōdīn [past, plural, third-person], krōkō [present, singular], krōkōþ [plural, present], krōkōndī [participle, present], krōkōd [participle, past]
  1. to bend, curve, or make crooked Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-krōkōn-gmw-pro-verb-DwXyErnj
  2. to wrinkle Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-krōkōn-gmw-pro-verb-fuf7CgST Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōn (denominative) Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 26 74 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōn (denominative): 12 88

Download JSON data for krōkōn meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*crōcian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *crōcian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *crōcian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "crokien",
            "3": "croken",
            "4": "crooken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: crokien, croken, crooken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: crokien, croken, crooken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "crook"
          },
          "expansion": "English: crook",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: crook"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "cruik",
            "3": "creuk",
            "4": "cruk"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: cruik, creuk, cruk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: cruik, creuk, cruk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "krōkōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: krōkōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: krōkōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "krôken",
            "3": "krâken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: krôken, krâken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: krôken, krâken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "kröken"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: kröken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: kröken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*krōkon",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Old Dutch: *krōkon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Old Dutch: *krōkon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "crôken",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Middle Dutch: crôken",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "The expected vowel is -oe-, therefore possibly borrowed from Middle Low German"
          },
          "expansion": "(The expected vowel is -oe-, therefore possibly borrowed from Middle Low German)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Middle Dutch: crôken (The expected vowel is -oe-, therefore possibly borrowed from Middle Low German)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kroken",
            "3": "kreuken",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Dutch: kroken, kreuken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Dutch: kroken, kreuken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "kruohhōn",
            "3": "kruochōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: kruohhōn, kruochōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: kruohhōn, kruochōn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*krōk",
        "3": "*-ōn",
        "id2": "denominative"
      },
      "expansion": "*krōk + *-ōn",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*kreukan",
        "t": "to twist, creep"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kreukan (“to twist, creep”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *krōk + *-ōn. Compare Proto-West Germanic *kreukan (“to twist, creep”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōnijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōnijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōniju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōnþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōndī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*krōkōn",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krōkōn"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krōkōn",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bend, curve, or make crooked"
      ],
      "id": "en-krōkōn-gmw-pro-verb-DwXyErnj",
      "links": [
        [
          "bend",
          "bend"
        ],
        [
          "curve",
          "curve"
        ],
        [
          "crooked",
          "crooked"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōn (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to wrinkle"
      ],
      "id": "en-krōkōn-gmw-pro-verb-fuf7CgST",
      "links": [
        [
          "wrinkle",
          "wrinkle"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "krōkōn"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-West Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōn (denominative)",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*crōcian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *crōcian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *crōcian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "crokien",
            "3": "croken",
            "4": "crooken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: crokien, croken, crooken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: crokien, croken, crooken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "crook"
          },
          "expansion": "English: crook",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: crook"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "cruik",
            "3": "creuk",
            "4": "cruk"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: cruik, creuk, cruk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: cruik, creuk, cruk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "krōkōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: krōkōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: krōkōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "krôken",
            "3": "krâken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: krôken, krâken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: krôken, krâken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "kröken"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: kröken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: kröken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*krōkon",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Old Dutch: *krōkon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Old Dutch: *krōkon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "crôken",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Middle Dutch: crôken",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "The expected vowel is -oe-, therefore possibly borrowed from Middle Low German"
          },
          "expansion": "(The expected vowel is -oe-, therefore possibly borrowed from Middle Low German)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Middle Dutch: crôken (The expected vowel is -oe-, therefore possibly borrowed from Middle Low German)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kroken",
            "3": "kreuken",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Dutch: kroken, kreuken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Dutch: kroken, kreuken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "kruohhōn",
            "3": "kruochōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: kruohhōn, kruochōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: kruohhōn, kruochōn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*krōk",
        "3": "*-ōn",
        "id2": "denominative"
      },
      "expansion": "*krōk + *-ōn",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*kreukan",
        "t": "to twist, creep"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kreukan (“to twist, creep”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *krōk + *-ōn. Compare Proto-West Germanic *kreukan (“to twist, creep”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōnijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōnijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōniju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōnþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōndī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "krōkōd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*krōkōn",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krōkōn"
      },
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krōkōn",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to bend, curve, or make crooked"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bend",
          "bend"
        ],
        [
          "curve",
          "curve"
        ],
        [
          "crooked",
          "crooked"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to wrinkle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wrinkle",
          "wrinkle"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "krōkōn"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.