See kowtow on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kowtower"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kowtowing"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zhx",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sinitic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "叩頭",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "叩頭／叩头",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yue",
"3": "叩頭",
"tr": "kau³ tau⁴"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese 叩頭／叩头 (kau³ tau⁴)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "叩頭",
"tr": "kòutóu"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 叩頭／叩头 (kòutóu)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Sinitic 叩頭／叩头 (Cantonese 叩頭／叩头 (kau³ tau⁴) / Mandarin 叩頭／叩头 (kòutóu)), literally \"knock head\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kowtows",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kowtowed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kowtowed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kowtow (third-person singular simple present kowtows, present participle kowtowing, simple past and past participle kowtowed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984 December 30, Jim Davis, Garfield (comic):",
"text": "I suppose you're going to be nice to Odie and kowtow to Jon and lick the mailman's boots! I don't like you already.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Oleg V. Khlevniuk, Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator, Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 265:",
"text": "The letter to Razin contained another thought that preoccupied Stalin in the first months after the war: the need to avoid “kowtowing to the West,” including showing “unwarranted respect” for the “military authorities of Germany.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grovel, act in a very submissive manner."
],
"id": "en-kowtow-en-verb-jeKXthQr",
"links": [
[
"grovel",
"grovel"
],
[
"submissive",
"submissive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) To grovel, act in a very submissive manner."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Wendy Swartz, Robert Ford Campany, Yang Lu, Jessey J. C. Choo, Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 645:",
"text": "When the weather turned cold, the tears that he shed would become frozen like veins; the blood on his forehead from kowtowing would also freeze and would not drip.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To kneel and bow low enough to touch one’s forehead to the ground."
],
"id": "en-kowtow-en-verb-2gecmILi",
"links": [
[
"kneel",
"kneel"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
],
[
"forehead",
"forehead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, historical) To kneel and bow low enough to touch one’s forehead to the ground."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sajada",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "سَجَدَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tamallaqa",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "تَمَلَّقَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rakaʕa",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "رَكَعَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "kau³ tau⁴",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "叩头"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "磕頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "kha̍p-thâu",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "磕头"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "叩头"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kòutóu",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "叩头"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "磕頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kētóu",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "磕头"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "klanět se až k zemi"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "knæle"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "prostrere"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "knielen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "zich buigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "tehdä kowtow"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "se prosterner"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "s’agenouiller"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kedmoxra",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "ქედმოხრა"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "einen Kotau machen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "földre borul"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "leborul"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "hétrét görnyed"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"alt": "ぬかつく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nukatsuku",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "叩頭く"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"alt": "どげざをする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "dogeza o suru",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "土下座をする"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "meori-reul joarida",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "머리를 조아리다"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "goduhada",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "고두(叩頭)하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "knele"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "gjøre knefall"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "fazer o kowtow"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "reverenciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "délatʹ koutóu",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "де́лать коуто́у"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "klanjati se do zemlje"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "prostrirati"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "metanisati"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "postrarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "prosternarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "lạy"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"alt": "叩頭",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "khấu đầu"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "quỳ lạy"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "khúm núm"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 86 0 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "quỵ luỵ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To bow very deeply."
],
"id": "en-kowtow-en-verb-8ex3hYRV",
"links": [
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To bow very deeply."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 10 73 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "zich buigen (diep)"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 10 73 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "kumartaa syvään"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 10 73 15",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kedmoxra",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "ქედმოხრა"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 10 73 15",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "meghajol"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 10 73 15",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "prostrar-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 10 73 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "délatʹ nízkij poklón",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "де́лать ни́зкий покло́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 10 73 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "metanisati"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 10 73 15",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "klanjati se do zemlje"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 10 73 15",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "byty čolom",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бити чолом"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 10 73 15",
"alt": "торкаючись головою землі",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vklonjatysja",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вклонятися"
}
]
},
{
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],
"glosses": [
"To bow to or show obeisance to."
],
"id": "en-kowtow-en-verb-m9f2u3Vz",
"links": [
[
"bow to",
"bow to"
],
[
"obeisance",
"obeisance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) To bow to or show obeisance to."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "poklonkovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "underkaste sig"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "give efter"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "føje"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "krybe til korset"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "zich aanpassen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "onderdanig zijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "kliniĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "nöyristellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "kumarrella"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kedmoxra",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "ქედმოხრა"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "kriechen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "kuschen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "katzbuckeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "dienern"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "zu Kreuze kriechen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "den Kotau machen"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hitrapés",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "התרפס"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hitkhanéf",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "התחנף"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hishtaabéd",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "השתעבד"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "hajbókol"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "megalázkodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "csúszik-mászik"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "alázatoskodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "underkaste seg"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "gi etter"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "føye seg"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "krype til korset"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "kłaniać się"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preklonjátʹsja",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "преклоня́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "presmykátʹsja",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "пресмыка́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rabolépstvovatʹ",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "раболе́пствовать"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "klanjati se do zemlje"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "metanisati"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "khúm núm"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "quỳ lạy"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 4 13 58",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "quỵ luỵ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kowtow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/En-us-kowtow.ogg/En-us-kowtow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/En-us-kowtow.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-kowtow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/En-au-kowtow.ogg/En-au-kowtow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/En-au-kowtow.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "kotoo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kotow"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"kowtow"
],
"word": "kowtow"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zhx",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sinitic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "叩頭",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "叩頭／叩头",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yue",
"3": "叩頭",
"tr": "kau³ tau⁴"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese 叩頭／叩头 (kau³ tau⁴)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "叩頭",
"tr": "kòutóu"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 叩頭／叩头 (kòutóu)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Sinitic 叩頭／叩头 (Cantonese 叩頭／叩头 (kau³ tau⁴) / Mandarin 叩頭／叩头 (kòutóu)), literally \"knock head\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kowtows",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kowtow (plural kowtows)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990, Hugh D. R. Baker, Hong Kong Images: People and Animals, Hong Kong University Press, →ISBN, page 93:",
"text": "Three elders dressed in their long silk ceremonial gowns perform the kowtow before the altar in their clan ancestral hall.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of kowtowing."
],
"id": "en-kowtow-en-noun-Cbn3gBDw",
"related": [
{
"word": "prostrate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "kau³ tau⁴",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "叩头"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kòutóu",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "叩头"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "磕頭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kētóu",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "磕头"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "kowtow"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "koutou"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buiging"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kotau"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "kowtow-kumarrus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kowtow"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kotau"
},
{
"alt": "こうとう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōtō",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"alt": "どげざ",
"code": "ja",
"english": "Japanese way",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "dogeza",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "土下座"
},
{
"alt": "叩頭",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "godu",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "고두"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "kowtow"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kowtow"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koutóu",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"neuter"
],
"word": "коуто́у"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poklón",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "покло́н"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "koutou"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čolobytna",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чолобитна"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čolobyttja",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чолобиття"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "uklin",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уклін"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "koutou",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "коутоу"
},
{
"alt": "叩頭",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "khấu đầu"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "sự quỳ lạy"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "sự khúm núm"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kowtow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/En-us-kowtow.ogg/En-us-kowtow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/En-us-kowtow.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-kowtow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/En-au-kowtow.ogg/En-au-kowtow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/En-au-kowtow.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "kotoo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kotow"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"kowtow"
],
"word": "kowtow"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kowtows",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#s"
},
"expansion": "kowtow m (plural kowtows)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kowtow (bow low enough to touch one’s forehead to the ground)"
],
"id": "en-kowtow-pt-noun-tkyufAOu",
"links": [
[
"kowtow",
"kowtow#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "kowtow"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Cantonese",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms borrowed from Sinitic languages",
"English terms derived from Cantonese",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Sinitic languages",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Body language"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kowtower"
},
{
"word": "kowtowing"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zhx",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sinitic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "叩頭",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "叩頭／叩头",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yue",
"3": "叩頭",
"tr": "kau³ tau⁴"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese 叩頭／叩头 (kau³ tau⁴)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "叩頭",
"tr": "kòutóu"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 叩頭／叩头 (kòutóu)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Sinitic 叩頭／叩头 (Cantonese 叩頭／叩头 (kau³ tau⁴) / Mandarin 叩頭／叩头 (kòutóu)), literally \"knock head\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kowtows",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kowtowed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kowtowed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kowtow (third-person singular simple present kowtows, present participle kowtowing, simple past and past participle kowtowed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984 December 30, Jim Davis, Garfield (comic):",
"text": "I suppose you're going to be nice to Odie and kowtow to Jon and lick the mailman's boots! I don't like you already.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Oleg V. Khlevniuk, Stalin: New Biography of a Dictator, Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 265:",
"text": "The letter to Razin contained another thought that preoccupied Stalin in the first months after the war: the need to avoid “kowtowing to the West,” including showing “unwarranted respect” for the “military authorities of Germany.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grovel, act in a very submissive manner."
],
"links": [
[
"grovel",
"grovel"
],
[
"submissive",
"submissive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) To grovel, act in a very submissive manner."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Wendy Swartz, Robert Ford Campany, Yang Lu, Jessey J. C. Choo, Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 645:",
"text": "When the weather turned cold, the tears that he shed would become frozen like veins; the blood on his forehead from kowtowing would also freeze and would not drip.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To kneel and bow low enough to touch one’s forehead to the ground."
],
"links": [
[
"kneel",
"kneel"
],
[
"bow",
"bow"
],
[
"forehead",
"forehead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, historical) To kneel and bow low enough to touch one’s forehead to the ground."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To bow very deeply."
],
"links": [
[
"bow",
"bow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To bow very deeply."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To bow to or show obeisance to."
],
"links": [
[
"bow to",
"bow to"
],
[
"obeisance",
"obeisance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) To bow to or show obeisance to."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kowtow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/En-us-kowtow.ogg/En-us-kowtow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/En-us-kowtow.ogg"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/En-au-kowtow.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "kotoo"
},
{
"word": "kotow"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sajada",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "سَجَدَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tamallaqa",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "تَمَلَّقَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rakaʕa",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "رَكَعَ"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "kau³ tau⁴",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "叩头"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "磕頭"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "kha̍p-thâu",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "磕头"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "叩头"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kòutóu",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "叩头"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "磕頭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kētóu",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "磕头"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "klanět se až k zemi"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "knæle"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "prostrere"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "knielen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "zich buigen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "tehdä kowtow"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "se prosterner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "s’agenouiller"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kedmoxra",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "ქედმოხრა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "einen Kotau machen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "földre borul"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "leborul"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "hétrét görnyed"
},
{
"alt": "ぬかつく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nukatsuku",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "叩頭く"
},
{
"alt": "どげざをする",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "dogeza o suru",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "土下座をする"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "meori-reul joarida",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "머리를 조아리다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "goduhada",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "고두(叩頭)하다"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "knele"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "gjøre knefall"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "fazer o kowtow"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "reverenciar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "délatʹ koutóu",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "де́лать коуто́у"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "klanjati se do zemlje"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "prostrirati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "metanisati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "postrarse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "prosternarse"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "lạy"
},
{
"alt": "叩頭",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "khấu đầu"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "quỳ lạy"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "khúm núm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kneel such that forehead touches ground",
"word": "quỵ luỵ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "zich buigen (diep)"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "kumartaa syvään"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kedmoxra",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "ქედმოხრა"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "meghajol"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "prostrar-se"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "délatʹ nízkij poklón",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "де́лать ни́зкий покло́н"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "metanisati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"word": "klanjati se do zemlje"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "byty čolom",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бити чолом"
},
{
"alt": "торкаючись головою землі",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vklonjatysja",
"sense": "bow deeply",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вклонятися"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "poklonkovat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "underkaste sig"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "give efter"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "føje"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "krybe til korset"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "zich aanpassen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "onderdanig zijn"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "kliniĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "nöyristellä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "kumarrella"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "kedmoxra",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "ქედმოხრა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "kriechen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "kuschen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "katzbuckeln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "dienern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "zu Kreuze kriechen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "den Kotau machen"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hitrapés",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "התרפס"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hitkhanéf",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "התחנף"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hishtaabéd",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "השתעבד"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "hajbókol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "megalázkodik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "csúszik-mászik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "alázatoskodik"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "underkaste seg"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "gi etter"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "føye seg"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "krype til korset"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "kłaniać się"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "preklonjátʹsja",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "преклоня́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "presmykátʹsja",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "пресмыка́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rabolépstvovatʹ",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "раболе́пствовать"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "klanjati se do zemlje"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "metanisati"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "khúm núm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "quỳ lạy"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "act submissively",
"word": "quỵ luỵ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"kowtow"
],
"word": "kowtow"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Cantonese",
"English terms borrowed from Mandarin",
"English terms borrowed from Sinitic languages",
"English terms derived from Cantonese",
"English terms derived from Mandarin",
"English terms derived from Sinitic languages",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Body language"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zhx",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sinitic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "叩頭",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "叩頭／叩头",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yue",
"3": "叩頭",
"tr": "kau³ tau⁴"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese 叩頭／叩头 (kau³ tau⁴)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cmn",
"3": "叩頭",
"tr": "kòutóu"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 叩頭／叩头 (kòutóu)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Sinitic 叩頭／叩头 (Cantonese 叩頭／叩头 (kau³ tau⁴) / Mandarin 叩頭／叩头 (kòutóu)), literally \"knock head\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kowtows",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kowtow (plural kowtows)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "prostrate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990, Hugh D. R. Baker, Hong Kong Images: People and Animals, Hong Kong University Press, →ISBN, page 93:",
"text": "Three elders dressed in their long silk ceremonial gowns perform the kowtow before the altar in their clan ancestral hall.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of kowtowing."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-kowtow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/En-us-kowtow.ogg/En-us-kowtow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/En-us-kowtow.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-kowtow.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/En-au-kowtow.ogg/En-au-kowtow.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/En-au-kowtow.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "kotoo"
},
{
"word": "kotow"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "kau³ tau⁴",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "叩头"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kòutóu",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "叩头"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "磕頭"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kētóu",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "磕头"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "kowtow"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "koutou"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buiging"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kotau"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "kowtow-kumarrus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kowtow"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kotau"
},
{
"alt": "こうとう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōtō",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "叩頭"
},
{
"alt": "どげざ",
"code": "ja",
"english": "Japanese way",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "dogeza",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "土下座"
},
{
"alt": "叩頭",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "godu",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "고두"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "kowtow"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kowtow"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koutóu",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"neuter"
],
"word": "коуто́у"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poklón",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "покло́н"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "koutou"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čolobytna",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чолобитна"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "čolobyttja",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "чолобиття"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "uklin",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "уклін"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "koutou",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "коутоу"
},
{
"alt": "叩頭",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "khấu đầu"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "sự quỳ lạy"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "kowtowing",
"word": "sự khúm núm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"kowtow"
],
"word": "kowtow"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kowtows",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#s"
},
"expansion": "kowtow m (plural kowtows)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms spelled with K",
"Portuguese terms spelled with W"
],
"glosses": [
"kowtow (bow low enough to touch one’s forehead to the ground)"
],
"links": [
[
"kowtow",
"kowtow#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "kowtow"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kowtow meaning in All languages combined (22.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": khàu-thâu vs. zh-min-nan",
"path": [
"kowtow"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "kowtow",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.