See koan on Wiktionary
{
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{
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{
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"2": "",
"3": "official business"
},
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],
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{
"ref": "1977, Thomas Hoover, chapter 1, in Zen Culture, →ISBN:",
"text": "Zen, with its absurdist koan, laughs at life much the way the Marx brothers did. What exactly can you make of a philosophical system whose teacher answers the question, \"How do you see things so clearly?\" with the seeming one-liner, \"I close my eyes\"?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A story about a Zen master and his student, sometimes like a riddle, other times like a fable, which has become an object of Zen study, and which, when meditated upon, may unlock mechanisms in the Zen student’s mind leading to satori."
],
"id": "en-koan-en-noun-Dhx0A2zf",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"Zen",
"Zen"
],
[
"riddle",
"riddle"
],
[
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],
[
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[
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[
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[
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],
"qualifier": "Zen Buddhism",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Zen Buddhism) A story about a Zen master and his student, sometimes like a riddle, other times like a fable, which has become an object of Zen study, and which, when meditated upon, may unlock mechanisms in the Zen student’s mind leading to satori."
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "75 11 14",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "kong-àn",
"sense": "zen story",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "公案"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 11 14",
"code": "cmn",
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"sense": "zen story",
"word": "公案"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 11 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "zen story",
"word": "kōan"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 11 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "zen story",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Koan"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 11 14",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "zen story",
"word": "koan"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 11 14",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "zen story",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cóán"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 11 14",
"alt": "こうあん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōan",
"sense": "zen story",
"word": "公案"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 11 14",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hwadu",
"sense": "zen story",
"word": "화두"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 11 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koán",
"sense": "zen story",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коа́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 11 14",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "zen story",
"word": "công án"
}
]
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity’s Rainbow:",
"text": "Gibberish. Or else a koan that Achtfaden isn’t equipped to master, a transcendent puzzle that could lead him to some moment of light.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Joyce Carol Oates, Middle Age, paperback edition, Fourth Estate, page 303:",
"text": "As always the koan “Why, Why am I here, why here” begins in her head, but she beats it back like a housewife with a broom.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A riddle with no solution, used to provoke reflection on the inadequacy of logical reasoning, and to lead to enlightenment."
],
"id": "en-koan-en-noun-BPeNdTlt",
"links": [
[
"solution",
"solution"
],
[
"provoke",
"provoke"
],
[
"reflection",
"reflection"
],
[
"inadequacy",
"inadequacy"
],
[
"logical",
"logical"
],
[
"reasoning",
"reasoning"
],
[
"enlightenment",
"enlightenment"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "39 56 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "aporia"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 56 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "kōan"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 56 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "aporie"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 56 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "koan"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 56 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "aporia"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 56 5",
"code": "es",
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"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "aporía"
}
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],
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"A therapy technique used by Traditional Chinese medicinal physicians or medical practitioners to break a presenting patients habitual pattern of thinking that has been diagnosed as the primary cause of an illness or disease."
],
"id": "en-koan-en-noun-xV4U0j~E"
}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈkəʊ.ɑːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoʊ.ɑn/",
"tags": [
"US"
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},
{
"audio": "en-us-koan.ogg",
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}
],
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{
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}
],
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],
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}
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},
{
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},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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],
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}
],
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],
"etymology_text": "From English koan, from Japanese 公案 (kōan), from Literary Chinese 公案 (gōng'àn) (literally, \"public case\").",
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{
"form": "koanok",
"tags": [
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},
{
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{
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},
{
"form": "back harmony",
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},
{
"form": "-o-",
"source": "declension",
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"class"
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{
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{
"form": "koanok",
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{
"form": "koant",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "koanokat",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"plural"
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},
{
"form": "koannak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "koanoknak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koannal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokkal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
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},
{
"form": "koanért",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "koanokért",
"source": "declension",
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "koanná",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"translative"
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},
{
"form": "koanig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "koanokig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"terminative"
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},
{
"form": "koanként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "koanokként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "koanban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "koannál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanoknál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanhoz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokhoz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanból",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokból",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanról",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokról",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koantól",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanoktól",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koané",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanoké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanéi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokéi",
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"tags": [
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"possessed-single",
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"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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},
{
"form": "hu-pos-otok",
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"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "koanom",
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"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjaim",
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"tags": [
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"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "koanod",
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"tags": [
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"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjaid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koanunk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjaink",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "koanotok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjaitok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjuk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjaik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "koanok",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{alt}}}",
"head": "",
"nopalindromecat": ""
},
"expansion": "koan (plural koanok)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ok"
},
"expansion": "koan (plural koanok)",
"name": "hu-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ko‧an"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koano",
"2": "o",
"3": "-"
},
"name": "hu-infl-nom"
},
{
"args": {
"1pl_pl": "koanjaink",
"1pl_sg": "koanunk",
"1sg_pl": "koanjaim",
"1sg_sg": "koanom",
"2pl_pl": "koanjaitok",
"2pl_sg": "koanotok",
"2sg_pl": "koanjaid",
"2sg_sg": "koanod",
"3pl_pl": "koanjaik",
"3pl_sg": "koanjuk",
"3sg_pl": "koanjai",
"3sg_sg": "koanja",
"n": "",
"perspron": ""
},
"name": "hu-infl-pos-table"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "hu",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "hu:Buddhism",
"parents": [
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"koan"
],
"id": "en-koan-hu-noun-jklwr41s",
"links": [
[
"koan",
"koan#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kóan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkoːɒn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒn"
}
],
"word": "koan"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "koans",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vo-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o koan!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o koans!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "koans",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "koan (nominative plural koans)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koan (nominative plural koans)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vo-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "shellfish",
"word": "koanaf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shell, seashell"
],
"id": "en-koan-vo-noun-2trYRa8u",
"links": [
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"seashell",
"seashell"
]
]
}
],
"word": "koan"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "koan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "cooan"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of cooan"
],
"id": "en-koan-yol-noun-liRnd8Sv",
"links": [
[
"cooan",
"cooan#Yola"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "koan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "昆",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 昆",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 昆 (OC *kuːn, \"offspring, progeny\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Chinese (southern dialects, especially Min dialects): 囝 (jiǎn) (MC kɨɐn, \"child\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "觀",
"2": "child, offspring",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, “child, offspring”)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese (ancient Chu dialect): 觀 (OC *koːn, “child, offspring”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aslian: *kuən (Phillips, 2012)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bahnaric: *kɔːn (Sidwell, 2011)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Katuic: *kɔːn (Sidwell, 2005)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khasic: *kʰɔn (Sidwell, 2018)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kha",
"2": "khun"
},
"expansion": "Khasi: khun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khasi: khun"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lyngngam: kʰɔn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pnar: kʰɔn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmeric:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Khmer: kon, kvan (\"child\")"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Khmer: កូន (koun, “child”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmuic: *kɔːn (Sidwell, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monic: *kɔɔn (Diffloth, 1986)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omx",
"2": "kon"
},
"expansion": "Old Mon: kon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mon: kon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mon: ကွေန် (kon, “child”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱦᱚᱱ"
},
"expansion": "Santali: ᱦᱚᱱ (hôn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Santali: ᱦᱚᱱ (hôn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nicobaric: *kuːn (Sidwell, 2018)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caq",
"2": "kūön"
},
"expansion": "Car Nicobarese: kūön",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Car Nicobarese: kūön"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Nicobaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nancowry: kōan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Palaungic: *kɔːn (Sidwell, 2015)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pearic: *k(eː)n (Headley, 1985)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chong: kʰeːn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vietic: *kɔːn (Sidwell, 2007)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-mvi",
"2": "con"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese: con",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Vietnamese: con"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "con",
"gloss": "child"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese: con (“child”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vietnamese: con (“child”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "còn"
},
"expansion": "Muong: còn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Muong: còn"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Austroasiatic: *koan (Sidwell, 2024 #AA006)\n* Proto-Mon-Khmer: *kuun (& *kun?); *kuən (Shorto, 2006, #1127)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*koan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Austroasiatic",
"lang_code": "aav-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/koan",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Austroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"child"
],
"id": "en-koan-aav-pro-noun-3cnmaRlC",
"links": [
[
"child",
"child"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "sibling's child",
"word": "kmoan"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "koan"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Japanese",
"English terms derived from Chinese",
"English terms derived from Japanese",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ja",
"3": "公案",
"tr": "kōan"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 公案 (kōan)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "公案",
"2": "",
"3": "official business"
},
"expansion": "公案 (gōng'àn, “official business”)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Japanese 公案 (kōan), which was from Chinese 公案 (gōng'àn, “official business”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "koans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koan (plural koans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Buddhism"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1977, Thomas Hoover, chapter 1, in Zen Culture, →ISBN:",
"text": "Zen, with its absurdist koan, laughs at life much the way the Marx brothers did. What exactly can you make of a philosophical system whose teacher answers the question, \"How do you see things so clearly?\" with the seeming one-liner, \"I close my eyes\"?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A story about a Zen master and his student, sometimes like a riddle, other times like a fable, which has become an object of Zen study, and which, when meditated upon, may unlock mechanisms in the Zen student’s mind leading to satori."
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"Zen",
"Zen"
],
[
"riddle",
"riddle"
],
[
"fable",
"fable"
],
[
"meditate",
"meditate"
],
[
"unlock",
"unlock"
],
[
"mechanisms",
"mechanisms"
],
[
"satori",
"satori"
]
],
"qualifier": "Zen Buddhism",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Zen Buddhism) A story about a Zen master and his student, sometimes like a riddle, other times like a fable, which has become an object of Zen study, and which, when meditated upon, may unlock mechanisms in the Zen student’s mind leading to satori."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity’s Rainbow:",
"text": "Gibberish. Or else a koan that Achtfaden isn’t equipped to master, a transcendent puzzle that could lead him to some moment of light.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Joyce Carol Oates, Middle Age, paperback edition, Fourth Estate, page 303:",
"text": "As always the koan “Why, Why am I here, why here” begins in her head, but she beats it back like a housewife with a broom.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A riddle with no solution, used to provoke reflection on the inadequacy of logical reasoning, and to lead to enlightenment."
],
"links": [
[
"solution",
"solution"
],
[
"provoke",
"provoke"
],
[
"reflection",
"reflection"
],
[
"inadequacy",
"inadequacy"
],
[
"logical",
"logical"
],
[
"reasoning",
"reasoning"
],
[
"enlightenment",
"enlightenment"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A therapy technique used by Traditional Chinese medicinal physicians or medical practitioners to break a presenting patients habitual pattern of thinking that has been diagnosed as the primary cause of an illness or disease."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkəʊ.ɑːn/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkoʊ.ɑn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-koan.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/En-us-koan.ogg/En-us-koan.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/En-us-koan.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kōan"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "kong-àn",
"sense": "zen story",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "公案"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōng'àn",
"sense": "zen story",
"word": "公案"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "zen story",
"word": "kōan"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "zen story",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Koan"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "zen story",
"word": "koan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "zen story",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cóán"
},
{
"alt": "こうあん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōan",
"sense": "zen story",
"word": "公案"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hwadu",
"sense": "zen story",
"word": "화두"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "koán",
"sense": "zen story",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "коа́н"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "zen story",
"word": "công án"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "aporia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "kōan"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "aporie"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "koan"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "aporia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "riddle without solution",
"word": "aporía"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"koan"
],
"word": "koan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ja",
"3": "公案",
"tr": "kōan"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Japanese 公案 (kōan)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lzh",
"3": "公案",
"lit": "public case",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "Literary Chinese 公案 (gōng'àn, literally “public case”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Japanese 公案 (kōan), from Literary Chinese 公案 (gōng'àn, literally “public case”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "koan",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "koan m (plural koan)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Japanese",
"French terms derived from Japanese",
"French terms derived from Literary Chinese",
"French terms spelled with K",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fr:Buddhism"
],
"glosses": [
"koan"
],
"links": [
[
"koan",
"koan#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ko.an/"
}
],
"word": "koan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "en",
"3": "koan"
},
"expansion": "English koan",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "ja",
"3": "公案",
"sc": "Jpan",
"tr": "kōan"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 公案 (kōan)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "lzh",
"3": "公案",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "Literary Chinese 公案 (gōng'àn)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English koan, from Japanese 公案 (kōan), from Literary Chinese 公案 (gōng'àn) (literally, \"public case\").",
"forms": [
{
"form": "koanok",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-infl-nom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "back harmony",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-o-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "koan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koant",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koannak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanoknak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koannal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokkal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokért",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"causal-final",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanná",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokként",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-formal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive-modal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokban",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokon",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"superessive"
]
},
{
"form": "koannál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanoknál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"sublative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanhoz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokhoz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanból",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokból",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koanról",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokról",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"delative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koantól",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanoktól",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koané",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanoké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanéi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanokéi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "hu-pos-otok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koanom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjaim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanod",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjaid",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koanunk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjaink",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "koanotok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjaitok",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjuk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-single",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koanjaik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessed-many",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "koanok",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{alt}}}",
"head": "",
"nopalindromecat": ""
},
"expansion": "koan (plural koanok)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ok"
},
"expansion": "koan (plural koanok)",
"name": "hu-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ko‧an"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "koano",
"2": "o",
"3": "-"
},
"name": "hu-infl-nom"
},
{
"args": {
"1pl_pl": "koanjaink",
"1pl_sg": "koanunk",
"1sg_pl": "koanjaim",
"1sg_sg": "koanom",
"2pl_pl": "koanjaitok",
"2pl_sg": "koanotok",
"2sg_pl": "koanjaid",
"2sg_sg": "koanod",
"3pl_pl": "koanjaik",
"3pl_sg": "koanjuk",
"3sg_pl": "koanjai",
"3sg_sg": "koanja",
"n": "",
"perspron": ""
},
"name": "hu-infl-pos-table"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Hungarian nouns",
"Hungarian terms derived from English",
"Hungarian terms derived from Japanese",
"Hungarian terms derived from Literary Chinese",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian terms with manual IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian undefined derivations",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒn",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒn/2 syllables",
"hu:Buddhism"
],
"glosses": [
"koan"
],
"links": [
[
"koan",
"koan#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkoːɒn]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kóan"
}
],
"word": "koan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "昆",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 昆",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 昆 (OC *kuːn, \"offspring, progeny\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "→ Chinese (southern dialects, especially Min dialects): 囝 (jiǎn) (MC kɨɐn, \"child\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "觀",
"2": "child, offspring",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "觀 (OC *koːn, “child, offspring”)",
"name": "och-l"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese (ancient Chu dialect): 觀 (OC *koːn, “child, offspring”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aslian: *kuən (Phillips, 2012)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bahnaric: *kɔːn (Sidwell, 2011)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Katuic: *kɔːn (Sidwell, 2005)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khasic: *kʰɔn (Sidwell, 2018)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kha",
"2": "khun"
},
"expansion": "Khasi: khun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khasi: khun"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lyngngam: kʰɔn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pnar: kʰɔn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmeric:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Khmer: kon, kvan (\"child\")"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Khmer: កូន (koun, “child”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khmuic: *kɔːn (Sidwell, 2013)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Monic: *kɔɔn (Diffloth, 1986)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omx",
"2": "kon"
},
"expansion": "Old Mon: kon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mon: kon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mon: ကွေန် (kon, “child”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Munda:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱦᱚᱱ"
},
"expansion": "Santali: ᱦᱚᱱ (hôn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Santali: ᱦᱚᱱ (hôn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nicobaric: *kuːn (Sidwell, 2018)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "caq",
"2": "kūön"
},
"expansion": "Car Nicobarese: kūön",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Car Nicobarese: kūön"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Nicobaric:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nancowry: kōan"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Palaungic: *kɔːn (Sidwell, 2015)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pearic: *k(eː)n (Headley, 1985)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chong: kʰeːn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vietic: *kɔːn (Sidwell, 2007)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-mvi",
"2": "con"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese: con",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Vietnamese: con"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "con",
"gloss": "child"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese: con (“child”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vietnamese: con (“child”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "còn"
},
"expansion": "Muong: còn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Muong: còn"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Austroasiatic: *koan (Sidwell, 2024 #AA006)\n* Proto-Mon-Khmer: *kuun (& *kun?); *kuən (Shorto, 2006, #1127)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*koan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Austroasiatic",
"lang_code": "aav-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/koan",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "sibling's child",
"word": "kmoan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Austroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Austroasiatic lemmas",
"Proto-Austroasiatic nouns",
"aav-pro:Family"
],
"glosses": [
"child"
],
"links": [
[
"child",
"child"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "koan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "shellfish",
"word": "koanaf"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "koans",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vo-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o koan!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o koans!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "koanu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koanus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "koans",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "koan (nominative plural koans)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "koan (nominative plural koans)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vo-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük lemmas",
"Volapük nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"shell, seashell"
],
"links": [
[
"shell",
"shell"
],
[
"seashell",
"seashell"
]
]
}
],
"word": "koan"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "koan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "cooan"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yola entries with incorrect language header",
"Yola lemmas",
"Yola nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of cooan"
],
"links": [
[
"cooan",
"cooan#Yola"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "koan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for koan meaning in All languages combined (19.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.