"hlēwaz" meaning in All languages combined

See hlēwaz on Wiktionary

Adjective [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈxlɛː.wɑz/
Etymology: From the same root of the synonym *hliwjaz as well as possibly *hlewą (“shelter”) (but see Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw for an alternative), further uncertain: * from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-wós, from the root *ḱelh₁- ~ *ḱleh₁- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Lithuanian šiltas (“warm”), Latin calor (“warmth, heat”), Welsh clyd (“warm, cozy”). * a vṛddhi derivative of *hlew- (“(to) clean, bathe?”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean”), whence also *hlūtraz. However, even allowing for the semantic gap, the unextended root is not found in Germanic. Etymology templates: {{noncog|gmw-pro|*hlaiw}} Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw, {{unc|gem-pro|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*ḱleh₁-wós}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-wós, {{cog|lt|šiltas||warm}} Lithuanian šiltas (“warm”), {{cog|la|calor||warmth, heat}} Latin calor (“warmth, heat”), {{cog|cy|clyd||warm, cozy}} Welsh clyd (“warm, cozy”), {{vrddhi|gem-pro|alt=*hlew-|nocap=1|t=(to) clean, bathe?}} vṛddhi derivative of *hlew- (“(to) clean, bathe?”), {{m+|ine-pro|*ḱlewH-||to clean}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean”) Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hlēwaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], hlēwō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], hlēwą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], hlēwai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], hlēwôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], hlēwō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], hlēwanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], hlēwǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], hlēwą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], hlēwanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], hlēwōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], hlēwō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], hlēwas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], hlēwaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], hlēwas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], hlēwaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], hlēwaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], hlēwaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], hlēwammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], hlēwaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], hlēwammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], hlēwaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], hlēwaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], hlēwaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], hlēwanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], hlēwaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], hlēwanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], hlēwaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], hlēwaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], hlēwaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], hlēwô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], hlēwǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], hlēwô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], hlēwaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], hlēwōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], hlēwōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], hlēwanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], hlēwōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], hlēwô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], hlēwanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], hlēwōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], hlēwōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], hlēwiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], hlēwōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], hlēwiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], hlēwanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], hlēwōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], hlēwanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], hlēwini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], hlēwōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], hlēwini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], hlēwammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], hlēwōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], hlēwammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], hlēwinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], hlēwōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], hlēwinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], hlēwammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], hlēwōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], hlēwammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak], *hlēwijaz [alternative]
  1. lukewarm Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Related terms: hliwjaz, ? *hlewą
    Sense id: en-hlēwaz-gem-pro-adj-FOOUAszp Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hlāu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlāu\nOld English: hlēow\nMiddle English: lew, lewe\nScots: lew\nEnglish: lew\nOld Frisian: *hliāw, *liāw\nSaterland Frisian: ljou\nWest Frisian: lij\nOld Saxon: *hlāo\nMiddle Low German: lau, lauw\nGerman Low German: lau\nOld Dutch: *lāo\nMiddle Dutch: lâeu, lau\nDutch: lauw\nAfrikaans: lou\nOld High German: lāo, *hlāo\nMiddle High German: lā (lāw-)\nAlemannic German: leew\nGerman: lau\n→ Old French: [Term?], flou\nMiddle French: flou\nFrench: flou\n→ Middle Dutch: vlau\nDutch: flauw\n→ German: flau\n→ Danish: flov",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlāu\nOld English: hlēow\nMiddle English: lew, lewe\nScots: lew\nEnglish: lew\nOld Frisian: *hliāw, *liāw\nSaterland Frisian: ljou\nWest Frisian: lij\nOld Saxon: *hlāo\nMiddle Low German: lau, lauw\nGerman Low German: lau\nOld Dutch: *lāo\nMiddle Dutch: lâeu, lau\nDutch: lauw\nAfrikaans: lou\nOld High German: lāo, *hlāo\nMiddle High German: lā (lāw-)\nAlemannic German: leew\nGerman: lau\n→ Old French: [Term?], flou\nMiddle French: flou\nFrench: flou\n→ Middle Dutch: vlau\nDutch: flauw\n→ German: flau\n→ Danish: flov"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "hlær",
            "qq": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*hlējaz</i>",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Old Norse: hlær (or from *hlējaz)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Old Norse: hlær (or from *hlējaz)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "hlær"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: hlær",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: hlær"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "læ"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: læ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: læ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "læ"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: læ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: læ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*leevä",
            "bor": "1",
            "id": "temperate"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *leevä",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *leevä (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*lauha",
            "bor": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *lauha",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *lauha (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*hlaiw"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ḱleh₁-wós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-wós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "šiltas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "warm"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian šiltas (“warm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "calor",
        "3": "",
        "4": "warmth, heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin calor (“warmth, heat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "clyd",
        "3": "",
        "4": "warm, cozy"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh clyd (“warm, cozy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "alt": "*hlew-",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t": "(to) clean, bathe?"
      },
      "expansion": "vṛddhi derivative of *hlew- (“(to) clean, bathe?”)",
      "name": "vrddhi"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ḱlewH-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to clean"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean”)",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the same root of the synonym *hliwjaz as well as possibly *hlewą (“shelter”) (but see Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw for an alternative), further uncertain:\n* from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-wós, from the root *ḱelh₁- ~ *ḱleh₁- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Lithuanian šiltas (“warm”), Latin calor (“warmth, heat”), Welsh clyd (“warm, cozy”).\n* a vṛddhi derivative of *hlew- (“(to) clean, bathe?”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean”), whence also *hlūtraz. However, even allowing for the semantic gap, the unextended root is not found in Germanic.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*hlēwijaz",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlēwaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lukewarm"
      ],
      "id": "en-hlēwaz-gem-pro-adj-FOOUAszp",
      "links": [
        [
          "lukewarm",
          "lukewarm"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "hliwjaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "? *hlewą"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxlɛː.wɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hlēwaz"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hlāu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlāu\nOld English: hlēow\nMiddle English: lew, lewe\nScots: lew\nEnglish: lew\nOld Frisian: *hliāw, *liāw\nSaterland Frisian: ljou\nWest Frisian: lij\nOld Saxon: *hlāo\nMiddle Low German: lau, lauw\nGerman Low German: lau\nOld Dutch: *lāo\nMiddle Dutch: lâeu, lau\nDutch: lauw\nAfrikaans: lou\nOld High German: lāo, *hlāo\nMiddle High German: lā (lāw-)\nAlemannic German: leew\nGerman: lau\n→ Old French: [Term?], flou\nMiddle French: flou\nFrench: flou\n→ Middle Dutch: vlau\nDutch: flauw\n→ German: flau\n→ Danish: flov",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hlāu\nOld English: hlēow\nMiddle English: lew, lewe\nScots: lew\nEnglish: lew\nOld Frisian: *hliāw, *liāw\nSaterland Frisian: ljou\nWest Frisian: lij\nOld Saxon: *hlāo\nMiddle Low German: lau, lauw\nGerman Low German: lau\nOld Dutch: *lāo\nMiddle Dutch: lâeu, lau\nDutch: lauw\nAfrikaans: lou\nOld High German: lāo, *hlāo\nMiddle High German: lā (lāw-)\nAlemannic German: leew\nGerman: lau\n→ Old French: [Term?], flou\nMiddle French: flou\nFrench: flou\n→ Middle Dutch: vlau\nDutch: flauw\n→ German: flau\n→ Danish: flov"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "hlær",
            "qq": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*hlējaz</i>",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Old Norse: hlær (or from *hlējaz)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Old Norse: hlær (or from *hlējaz)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "hlær"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: hlær",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: hlær"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "læ"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: læ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: læ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "læ"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: læ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: læ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*leevä",
            "bor": "1",
            "id": "temperate"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *leevä",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *leevä (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*lauha",
            "bor": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *lauha",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *lauha (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*hlaiw"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ḱleh₁-wós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-wós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "šiltas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "warm"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian šiltas (“warm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "calor",
        "3": "",
        "4": "warmth, heat"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin calor (“warmth, heat”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "clyd",
        "3": "",
        "4": "warm, cozy"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh clyd (“warm, cozy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "alt": "*hlew-",
        "nocap": "1",
        "t": "(to) clean, bathe?"
      },
      "expansion": "vṛddhi derivative of *hlew- (“(to) clean, bathe?”)",
      "name": "vrddhi"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ḱlewH-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to clean"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean”)",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the same root of the synonym *hliwjaz as well as possibly *hlewą (“shelter”) (but see Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw for an alternative), further uncertain:\n* from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-wós, from the root *ḱelh₁- ~ *ḱleh₁- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Lithuanian šiltas (“warm”), Latin calor (“warmth, heat”), Welsh clyd (“warm, cozy”).\n* a vṛddhi derivative of *hlew- (“(to) clean, bathe?”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean”), whence also *hlūtraz. However, even allowing for the semantic gap, the unextended root is not found in Germanic.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hlēwammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*hlēwijaz",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlēwaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "hliwjaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "? *hlewą"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lukewarm"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lukewarm",
          "lukewarm"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxlɛː.wɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hlēwaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hlēwaz meaning in All languages combined (11.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.