"histogram" meaning in All languages combined

See histogram on Wiktionary

Noun [Czech]

IPA: [ˈɦɪstoɡram]
Head templates: {{cs-noun|m-in}} histogram m inan
  1. histogram Tags: inanimate, masculine Categories (topical): Statistics
    Sense id: en-histogram-cs-noun-VvDlsoR8 Categories (other): Czech entries with incorrect language header

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈhɪstəˌɡɹæm/ Forms: histograms [plural]
Etymology: Probably from Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “mast”) + -γραμμα (-gramma), although it is sometimes claimed to have been derived from historical + diagram; coined in 1891 by English mathematician Karl Pearson. Etymology templates: {{der|en|grc|ἱστός||mast}} Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “mast”), {{m|grc|-γραμμα}} -γραμμα (-gramma), {{m|en|historical}} historical, {{m|en|diagram}} diagram Head templates: {{en-noun}} histogram (plural histograms)
  1. (statistics) A graphical display of numerical data in the form of upright bars, with the area of each bar representing frequency. Categories (topical): Statistics, Visualization Derived forms: color histogram, colour histogram, histogramatic, image histogram Related terms: bar chart, vertical line diagram Translations (graphical display): хистогра́ма (histográma) [feminine] (Bulgarian), histograma [masculine] (Catalan), 直方圖 (Chinese Mandarin), 直方图 (zhífāngtú) (Chinese Mandarin), 柱狀圖 (Chinese Mandarin), 柱状图 (zhùzhuàngtú) (Chinese Mandarin), histogram [masculine] (Czech), histogram [neuter] (Danish), histogram [neuter] (Dutch), histogramm (Estonian), histogrammi (Finnish), histogramme [masculine] (French), Histogramm [neuter] (German), ιστόγραμμα (istógramma) [neuter] (Greek), hisztogram (Hungarian), súlurit [neuter] (Icelandic), stuðlarit [neuter] (Icelandic), histeagram [masculine] (Irish), хистограм (histogram) [masculine] (Macedonian), kauwhata pouhere (Maori), histogram [masculine] (Polish), histograma [masculine] (Portuguese), гистогра́мма (gistográmma) [feminine] (Russian), histograma [masculine] (Spanish), histogram [neuter] (Swedish), taladalasan (Tagalog), biểu đồ cột (Vietnamese)
    Sense id: en-histogram-en-noun-aq-rW62D Disambiguation of Visualization: 57 43 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 65 35 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 72 28 Topics: mathematics, sciences, statistics
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: histogramme

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈhɪstəˌɡɹæm/ Forms: histograms [present, singular, third-person], histogramming [participle, present], histogrammed [participle, past], histogrammed [past]
Etymology: Probably from Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “mast”) + -γραμμα (-gramma), although it is sometimes claimed to have been derived from historical + diagram; coined in 1891 by English mathematician Karl Pearson. Etymology templates: {{der|en|grc|ἱστός||mast}} Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “mast”), {{m|grc|-γραμμα}} -γραμμα (-gramma), {{m|en|historical}} historical, {{m|en|diagram}} diagram Head templates: {{en-verb|++}} histogram (third-person singular simple present histograms, present participle histogramming, simple past and past participle histogrammed)
  1. (transitive) To represent (data) as a histogram. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-histogram-en-verb-CNrsAlQj
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: histogramme

Noun [Swedish]

Head templates: {{head|sv|nouns||g=n|g2=|head=|sort=}} histogram n, {{sv-noun|n}} histogram n Inflection templates: {{sv-infl-noun-n-zero|stem=histogramm}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], histogram [indefinite, nominative, singular], histogrammet [definite, nominative, singular], histogram [indefinite, nominative, plural], histogrammen [definite, nominative, plural], histograms [genitive, indefinite, singular], histogrammets [definite, genitive, singular], histograms [genitive, indefinite, plural], histogrammens [definite, genitive, plural]
  1. a histogram Tags: neuter
    Sense id: en-histogram-sv-noun-PsExC6y4 Categories (other): Swedish entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for histogram meaning in All languages combined (10.7kB)

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      "name": "der"
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  "senses": [
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          "word": "color histogram"
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          "word": "colour histogram"
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          "word": "histogramatic"
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          "word": "image histogram"
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1983, Alan Meier, Janice Wright, Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Supplying Energy Through Greater Efficiency: The Potential for Conservation, University of California Press, page 39",
          "text": "Such distinctions, however, require detailed information, such as histograms of the distribution of energy use among residential customers, both by month and by year.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, D. W. Scott, S. R. Sain, “Multidimensional density estimation”, in C. R. Rao, E. J. Wegman, J. L. Solka, editors, Data Mining and Data Visualization, Elsevier, page 237",
          "text": "The use of the piecewise linear frequency polygon (FP) in place of the underlying histogram would seem mainly a graphical advantage.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017, David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas A. Williams, Jeffrey D. Camm, James J. Cochran, Essentials of Statistics for Business and Economics, Cengage Learning, page 44",
          "text": "A histogram is constructed by placing the variable of interest on the horizontal axis and the frequency, relative frequency or percent frequency on the vertical axis.[…]Histograms for data found in applications are never perfectly symmetric, but the histogram for many applications may be roughly symmetric.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
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        "A graphical display of numerical data in the form of upright bars, with the area of each bar representing frequency."
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        [
          "statistics",
          "statistics"
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        [
          "graphical",
          "graphical"
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        [
          "display",
          "display"
        ],
        [
          "numerical",
          "numerical"
        ],
        [
          "area",
          "area"
        ],
        [
          "frequency",
          "frequency"
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      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(statistics) A graphical display of numerical data in the form of upright bars, with the area of each bar representing frequency."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "bar chart"
        },
        {
          "word": "vertical line diagram"
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      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "histográma",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "хистогра́ма"
        },
        {
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "histograma"
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        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "word": "直方圖"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zhífāngtú",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "word": "直方图"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "word": "柱狀圖"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zhùzhuàngtú",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "word": "柱状图"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "histogram"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "histogram"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "histogram"
        },
        {
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "word": "histogramm"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "word": "histogrammi"
        },
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          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "histogramme"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Histogramm"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "istógramma",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ιστόγραμμα"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "word": "hisztogram"
        },
        {
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "súlurit"
        },
        {
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "stuðlarit"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "histeagram"
        },
        {
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "histogram",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "хистограм"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "word": "kauwhata pouhere"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "histogram"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "histograma"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "gistográmma",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "гистогра́мма"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "histograma"
        },
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          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "histogram"
        },
        {
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "word": "taladalasan"
        },
        {
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "graphical display",
          "word": "biểu đồ cột"
        }
      ]
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        "To represent (data) as a histogram."
      ],
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        "(transitive) To represent (data) as a histogram."
      ],
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{
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      "source": "declension",
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        "genitive",
        "singular"
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    },
    {
      "form": "histograms",
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          "kind": "other",
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      "glosses": [
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      "links": [
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          "histogram#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
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    }
  ],
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}
{
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  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "noun",
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        "Czech inanimate nouns",
        "Czech lemmas",
        "Czech masculine nouns",
        "Czech nouns",
        "Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "cs:Statistics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
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          "histogram#English"
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      ],
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        "masculine"
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    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɦɪstoɡram]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "histogram"
}

{
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    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English verbs",
    "en:Visualization"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "color histogram"
    },
    {
      "word": "colour histogram"
    },
    {
      "word": "histogramatic"
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    {
      "word": "image histogram"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "name": "der"
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      "expansion": "historical",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "diagram"
      },
      "expansion": "diagram",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “mast”) + -γραμμα (-gramma), although it is sometimes claimed to have been derived from historical + diagram; coined in 1891 by English mathematician Karl Pearson.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "histograms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "histogram (plural histograms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bar chart"
    },
    {
      "word": "vertical line diagram"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Statistics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1983, Alan Meier, Janice Wright, Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Supplying Energy Through Greater Efficiency: The Potential for Conservation, University of California Press, page 39",
          "text": "Such distinctions, however, require detailed information, such as histograms of the distribution of energy use among residential customers, both by month and by year.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, D. W. Scott, S. R. Sain, “Multidimensional density estimation”, in C. R. Rao, E. J. Wegman, J. L. Solka, editors, Data Mining and Data Visualization, Elsevier, page 237",
          "text": "The use of the piecewise linear frequency polygon (FP) in place of the underlying histogram would seem mainly a graphical advantage.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2017, David R. Anderson, Dennis J. Sweeney, Thomas A. Williams, Jeffrey D. Camm, James J. Cochran, Essentials of Statistics for Business and Economics, Cengage Learning, page 44",
          "text": "A histogram is constructed by placing the variable of interest on the horizontal axis and the frequency, relative frequency or percent frequency on the vertical axis.[…]Histograms for data found in applications are never perfectly symmetric, but the histogram for many applications may be roughly symmetric.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A graphical display of numerical data in the form of upright bars, with the area of each bar representing frequency."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "statistics",
          "statistics"
        ],
        [
          "graphical",
          "graphical"
        ],
        [
          "display",
          "display"
        ],
        [
          "numerical",
          "numerical"
        ],
        [
          "area",
          "area"
        ],
        [
          "frequency",
          "frequency"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(statistics) A graphical display of numerical data in the form of upright bars, with the area of each bar representing frequency."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences",
        "statistics"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɪstəˌɡɹæm/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "histogramme"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "histográma",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "хистогра́ма"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "histograma"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "word": "直方圖"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zhífāngtú",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "word": "直方图"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "word": "柱狀圖"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zhùzhuàngtú",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "word": "柱状图"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "histogram"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "histogram"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "histogram"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "word": "histogramm"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "word": "histogrammi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "histogramme"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Histogramm"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "istógramma",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ιστόγραμμα"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "word": "hisztogram"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "súlurit"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "stuðlarit"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "histeagram"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "histogram",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хистограм"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "word": "kauwhata pouhere"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "histogram"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "histograma"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "gistográmma",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "гистогра́мма"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "histograma"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "histogram"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "word": "taladalasan"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "graphical display",
      "word": "biểu đồ cột"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Karl Pearson",
    "histogram"
  ],
  "word": "histogram"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English verbs",
    "en:Visualization"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ἱστός",
        "4": "",
        "5": "mast"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “mast”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "-γραμμα"
      },
      "expansion": "-γραμμα (-gramma)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "historical"
      },
      "expansion": "historical",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "diagram"
      },
      "expansion": "diagram",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably from Ancient Greek ἱστός (histós, “mast”) + -γραμμα (-gramma), although it is sometimes claimed to have been derived from historical + diagram; coined in 1891 by English mathematician Karl Pearson.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "histograms",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "histogramming",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "histogrammed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "histogrammed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "++"
      },
      "expansion": "histogram (third-person singular simple present histograms, present participle histogramming, simple past and past participle histogrammed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To represent (data) as a histogram."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To represent (data) as a histogram."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɪstəˌɡɹæm/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "histogramme"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Karl Pearson",
    "histogram"
  ],
  "word": "histogram"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "histogram",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "histogrammet",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "histogram",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "histogrammen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "histograms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "histogrammets",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "histograms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "histogrammens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "nouns",
        "3": "",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "histogram n",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "histogram n",
      "name": "sv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "histogramm"
      },
      "name": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Swedish",
  "lang_code": "sv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Swedish lemmas",
        "Swedish neuter nouns",
        "Swedish nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a histogram"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "histogram",
          "histogram#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "histogram"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.