"harduz" meaning in All languages combined

See harduz on Wiktionary

Adjective [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈxɑr.ðuz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kert-, *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong”), Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “strength, power, dominion”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*kret-}}, {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro||*kort-ús}} Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, {{m|ine-pro|*kert-}} *kert-, {{m|ine-pro|*kret-||strong, powerful}} *kret- (“strong, powerful”), {{cog|grc|κρατύς||strong}} Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong”), {{cog|grc|κράτος||strength, power, dominion}} Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “strength, power, dominion”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj}} Forms: hardizô [comparative], hardistaz [superlative], no-table-tags [table-tags], harduz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], hardijai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], hardī [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], hardijôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], hardų [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -jatō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], hardijō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], hardijanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], hardijanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], hardijǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], hardijōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], hardų [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -jatō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], hardijō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], hardijas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], hardīs [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], hardijaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], hardijaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], hardijaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], hardijas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], hardīs [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], hardijaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], hardijammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], hardijaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], hardijaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], hardijaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], hardijammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], hardijaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], hardijanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], hardijaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], hardijaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], hardijaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], hardijanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], hardijaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], hardijô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], hardijaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], hardijǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], hardijōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], hardijô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], hardijōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], hardijanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], hardijanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], hardijōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], hardijōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], hardijô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], hardijōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], hardīniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], hardijanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], hardijōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], hardijōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], hardīniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], hardijanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], hardīni [dative, masculine, singular, weak], hardijammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], hardijōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], hardijōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], hardīni [dative, neuter, singular, weak], hardijammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], hardīnē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], hardijammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], hardijōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], hardijōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], hardīnē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], hardijammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. hard Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-harduz-gem-pro-adj-7VRluSIN
  2. brave Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-harduz-gem-pro-adj-obshayu7 Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 8 92
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: hardijaną, hardį̄, hardulīkaz, harduhertaz, Agjōharduz, Bernuharduz, Raginaharduz, Rīkaharduz

Download JSON data for harduz meaning in All languages combined (11.2kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hardijaną"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hardį̄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hardulīkaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "harduhertaz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Agjōharduz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Bernuharduz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Raginaharduz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Rīkaharduz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hard(ī)"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hard(ī)\nOld English: heard\nMiddle English: hard\nEnglish: hard\n→ Finnish: haarti\n→ Spanish: hard\nScots: hard, haird\nOld Frisian: herde, herd\nSaterland Frisian: hart\nWest Frisian: hurd\nOld Saxon: hard\nMiddle Low German: hart, hārde\nLow German: hart\nOld Dutch: hart, *hard, *hert (attested in placenames)\nMiddle Dutch: hart, hert\nDutch: hard, (dialectal) herd\nAfrikaans: hard\nOld High German: hart\nMiddle High German: hart, herte\nAlemannic German: hert\nSwabian: hirrt\nBavarian: hoat\nCentral Franconian: haat\nGerman: hart\nLuxembourgish: haart\nYiddish: האַרט (hart)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hard(ī)\nOld English: heard\nMiddle English: hard\nEnglish: hard\n→ Finnish: haarti\n→ Spanish: hard\nScots: hard, haird\nOld Frisian: herde, herd\nSaterland Frisian: hart\nWest Frisian: hurd\nOld Saxon: hard\nMiddle Low German: hart, hārde\nLow German: hart\nOld Dutch: hart, *hard, *hert (attested in placenames)\nMiddle Dutch: hart, hert\nDutch: hard, (dialectal) herd\nAfrikaans: hard\nOld High German: hart\nMiddle High German: hart, herte\nAlemannic German: hert\nSwabian: hirrt\nBavarian: hoat\nCentral Franconian: haat\nGerman: hart\nLuxembourgish: haart\nYiddish: האַרט (hart)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "harðr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: harðr\nIcelandic: harður\nFaroese: harður\nNorwegian: hard; (dialectal) hard’u, hard’e\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: hard\nOld Swedish: harþer\nSwedish: hård\nDanish: hård\nNorwegian Bokmål: hård",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: harðr\nIcelandic: harður\nFaroese: harður\nNorwegian: hard; (dialectal) hard’u, hard’e\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: hard\nOld Swedish: harþer\nSwedish: hård\nDanish: hård\nNorwegian Bokmål: hård"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*hardas",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hardas",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hardas (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kret-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kort-ús"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kert-"
      },
      "expansion": "*kert-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kret-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "strong, powerful"
      },
      "expansion": "*kret- (“strong, powerful”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κρατύς",
        "3": "",
        "4": "strong"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κράτος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "strength, power, dominion"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “strength, power, dominion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kert-, *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong”), Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “strength, power, dominion”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hardizô",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardistaz",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harduz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harduz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hard"
      ],
      "id": "en-harduz-gem-pro-adj-7VRluSIN",
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "brave"
      ],
      "id": "en-harduz-gem-pro-adj-obshayu7",
      "links": [
        [
          "brave",
          "brave"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑr.ðuz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "harduz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kret-",
    "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "hardijaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "hardį̄"
    },
    {
      "word": "hardulīkaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "harduhertaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "Agjōharduz"
    },
    {
      "word": "Bernuharduz"
    },
    {
      "word": "Raginaharduz"
    },
    {
      "word": "Rīkaharduz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hard(ī)"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hard(ī)\nOld English: heard\nMiddle English: hard\nEnglish: hard\n→ Finnish: haarti\n→ Spanish: hard\nScots: hard, haird\nOld Frisian: herde, herd\nSaterland Frisian: hart\nWest Frisian: hurd\nOld Saxon: hard\nMiddle Low German: hart, hārde\nLow German: hart\nOld Dutch: hart, *hard, *hert (attested in placenames)\nMiddle Dutch: hart, hert\nDutch: hard, (dialectal) herd\nAfrikaans: hard\nOld High German: hart\nMiddle High German: hart, herte\nAlemannic German: hert\nSwabian: hirrt\nBavarian: hoat\nCentral Franconian: haat\nGerman: hart\nLuxembourgish: haart\nYiddish: האַרט (hart)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hard(ī)\nOld English: heard\nMiddle English: hard\nEnglish: hard\n→ Finnish: haarti\n→ Spanish: hard\nScots: hard, haird\nOld Frisian: herde, herd\nSaterland Frisian: hart\nWest Frisian: hurd\nOld Saxon: hard\nMiddle Low German: hart, hārde\nLow German: hart\nOld Dutch: hart, *hard, *hert (attested in placenames)\nMiddle Dutch: hart, hert\nDutch: hard, (dialectal) herd\nAfrikaans: hard\nOld High German: hart\nMiddle High German: hart, herte\nAlemannic German: hert\nSwabian: hirrt\nBavarian: hoat\nCentral Franconian: haat\nGerman: hart\nLuxembourgish: haart\nYiddish: האַרט (hart)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "harðr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: harðr\nIcelandic: harður\nFaroese: harður\nNorwegian: hard; (dialectal) hard’u, hard’e\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: hard\nOld Swedish: harþer\nSwedish: hård\nDanish: hård\nNorwegian Bokmål: hård",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: harðr\nIcelandic: harður\nFaroese: harður\nNorwegian: hard; (dialectal) hard’u, hard’e\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: hard\nOld Swedish: harþer\nSwedish: hård\nDanish: hård\nNorwegian Bokmål: hård"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*hardas",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hardas",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hardas (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kret-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kort-ús"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kert-"
      },
      "expansion": "*kert-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kret-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "strong, powerful"
      },
      "expansion": "*kret- (“strong, powerful”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κρατύς",
        "3": "",
        "4": "strong"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κράτος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "strength, power, dominion"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “strength, power, dominion”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kert-, *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong”), Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “strength, power, dominion”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hardizô",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardistaz",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harduz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-jatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hardijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harduz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "brave"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "brave",
          "brave"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɑr.ðuz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "harduz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.