"hérisser" meaning in All languages combined

See hérisser on Wiktionary

Verb [French]

IPA: /e.ʁi.se/ Audio: Fr-hérisser.ogg
Etymology: From Vulgar Latin *ericiare, from erīcius. Etymology templates: {{uder|fr|VL.|*ericiare}} Vulgar Latin *ericiare Head templates: {{fr-verb}} hérisser Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hérisser [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], hérissant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], hérissé [participle, past], hérisse [first-person, indicative, present, singular], hérisses [indicative, present, second-person, singular], hérisse [indicative, present, singular, third-person], hérissons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], hérissez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], hérissent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], hérissais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], hérissais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], hérissait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], hérissions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], hérissiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], hérissaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], hérissai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], hérissas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], hérissa [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], hérissâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], hérissâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], hérissèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], hérisserai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], hérisseras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], hérissera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], hérisserons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], hérisserez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], hérisseront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], hérisserais [conditional, first-person, singular], hérisserais [conditional, second-person, singular], hérisserait [conditional, singular, third-person], hérisserions [conditional, first-person, plural], hérisseriez [conditional, plural, second-person], hérisseraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], hérisse [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], hérisses [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hérisse [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hérissions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], hérissiez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], hérissent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], hérissasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], hérissasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hérissât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hérissassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], hérissassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hérissassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], hérisse [imperative, second-person, singular], hérissons [first-person, imperative, plural], hérissez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. (of an animal) to bristle, ruffle (feathers, fur etc.)
    Sense id: en-hérisser-fr-verb-KFxlkLp1
  2. to spike; to form spikes in
    Sense id: en-hérisser-fr-verb-GjnUqqrh
  3. (colloquial) to get somebody's back up Tags: colloquial
    Sense id: en-hérisser-fr-verb-g-VZg~Os Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French terms with aspirated h, French undefined derivations, French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 13 7 80 Disambiguation of French terms with aspirated h: 34 12 55 Disambiguation of French undefined derivations: 15 10 75 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 22 15 63

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for hérisser meaning in All languages combined (10.6kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*ericiare"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *ericiare",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *ericiare, from erīcius.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisser",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissant",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissé",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisses",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissons",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissent",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissais",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissais",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissait",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissions",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissiez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissaient",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissai",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissas",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissa",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissâmes",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissâtes",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissèrent",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserai",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisseras",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissera",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserons",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisseront",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserais",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserais",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserait",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserions",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisseriez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisseraient",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisses",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissions",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissiez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissent",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissasse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissasses",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissât",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissassions",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissassiez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissassent",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissons",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hérisser",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The rain was no longer falling; the day was starting to dawn, and, on the leafless branches of the apple trees, the birds were still, ruffling their small feathers in the cold morning wind.",
          "ref": "1856, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary",
          "text": "La pluie ne tombait plus; le jour commençait à venir, et, sur les branches des pommiers sans feuilles, des oiseaux se tenaient immobiles, hérissant leurs petites plumes au vent froid du matin.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Joachim du Bellay, les regrets\nJe sens venir l'hiver, de qui la froide haleine / une tremblante horreur fait hérisser ma peau."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bristle, ruffle (feathers, fur etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-hérisser-fr-verb-KFxlkLp1",
      "links": [
        [
          "bristle",
          "bristle"
        ],
        [
          "ruffle",
          "ruffle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of an animal) to bristle, ruffle (feathers, fur etc.)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of an animal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to spike; to form spikes in"
      ],
      "id": "en-hérisser-fr-verb-GjnUqqrh",
      "links": [
        [
          "spike",
          "spike"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 7 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 12 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French terms with aspirated h",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 10 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 15 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to get somebody's back up"
      ],
      "id": "en-hérisser-fr-verb-g-VZg~Os",
      "links": [
        [
          "get somebody's back up",
          "get somebody's back up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to get somebody's back up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.se/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-hérisser.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Fr-h%C3%A9risser.ogg/Fr-h%C3%A9risser.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Fr-h%C3%A9risser.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hérisser"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "French 3-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with aspirated h",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "French undefined derivations",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*ericiare"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *ericiare",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *ericiare, from erīcius.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisser",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissant",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissé",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisses",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissons",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissent",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissais",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissais",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissait",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissions",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissiez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissaient",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissai",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissas",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissa",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissâmes",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissâtes",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissèrent",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserai",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisseras",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissera",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserons",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisseront",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserais",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserais",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserait",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisserions",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisseriez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisseraient",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisses",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissions",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissiez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissent",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissasse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissasses",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissât",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissassions",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissassiez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissassent",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérisse",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁis/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissons",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hérissez",
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hérisser",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The rain was no longer falling; the day was starting to dawn, and, on the leafless branches of the apple trees, the birds were still, ruffling their small feathers in the cold morning wind.",
          "ref": "1856, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary",
          "text": "La pluie ne tombait plus; le jour commençait à venir, et, sur les branches des pommiers sans feuilles, des oiseaux se tenaient immobiles, hérissant leurs petites plumes au vent froid du matin.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "Joachim du Bellay, les regrets\nJe sens venir l'hiver, de qui la froide haleine / une tremblante horreur fait hérisser ma peau."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bristle, ruffle (feathers, fur etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bristle",
          "bristle"
        ],
        [
          "ruffle",
          "ruffle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of an animal) to bristle, ruffle (feathers, fur etc.)"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of an animal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to spike; to form spikes in"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spike",
          "spike"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French colloquialisms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to get somebody's back up"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "get somebody's back up",
          "get somebody's back up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to get somebody's back up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/e.ʁi.se/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-hérisser.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Fr-h%C3%A9risser.ogg/Fr-h%C3%A9risser.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Fr-h%C3%A9risser.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hérisser"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.