"gruwen" meaning in All languages combined

See gruwen on Wiktionary

Verb [Dutch]

IPA: /ˈɣryu̯ə(n)/ Audio: Nl-gruwen.ogg
Rhymes: -yu̯ən Etymology: From Middle Dutch grûwen, grouwen, from Proto-Germanic *grūwijaną, with cognates in Middle High German and Old High German, but further origin unclear; perhaps ultimately an imitative derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”), or instead from *gʰer- (“to rub, stroke, grind”). Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|grûwen}} Middle Dutch grûwen, {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*grūwijaną}} Proto-Germanic *grūwijaną, {{onomatopoeic|nl|title=imitative}} imitative, {{der|nl|ine-pro|*ǵʰers-|t=to bristle}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”) Head templates: {{nl-verb}} gruwen Inflection templates: {{nl-conj-wk|gruw}} Forms: weak [table-tags], gruwen [infinitive], gruwen [gerund, neuter], gruw [first-person, present, singular], gruwde [first-person, past, singular], gruwt [present, second-person, singular], gruwde [past, second-person, singular], gruwt [formal, present, second-person, singular], gruwde [formal, past, second-person, singular], gruwt [Flanders, colloquial, present, second-person, singular], gruwt [archaic, formal, majestic, present, second-person, singular], gruwde [Flanders, colloquial, past, second-person, singular], gruwde [archaic, formal, majestic, past, second-person, singular], gruwt [present, singular, third-person], gruwde [past, singular, third-person], gruwen [plural, present], gruwden [past, plural], gruwe [archaic, present, singular, subjunctive], gruwde [archaic, past, singular, subjunctive], gruwen [archaic, plural, present, subjunctive], gruwden [archaic, past, plural, subjunctive], gruw [imperative, present, singular], gruwt [archaic, imperative, plural, present], gruwend [participle, present], gegruwd [participle, past]
  1. (intransitive) to abhor, to loathe Wikipedia link: Nicoline van der Sijs Tags: intransitive Derived forms: gruwel
    Sense id: en-gruwen-nl-verb-JRxbCtq6 Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Dutch onomatopoeias

Download JSON data for gruwen meaning in All languages combined (4.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "grûwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch grûwen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*grūwijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grūwijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "title": "imitative"
      },
      "expansion": "imitative",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵʰers-",
        "t": "to bristle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch grûwen, grouwen, from Proto-Germanic *grūwijaną, with cognates in Middle High German and Old High German, but further origin unclear; perhaps ultimately an imitative derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”), or instead from *gʰer- (“to rub, stroke, grind”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwend",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gegruwd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gruwen",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "gru‧wen"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gruw"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "houden van"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "gruwel"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Als er iets is waarvan ik gruw, dan is het zijn zelfvoldaanheid.\nIf there is one thing I loathe, it’s his smugness.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to abhor, to loathe"
      ],
      "id": "en-gruwen-nl-verb-JRxbCtq6",
      "links": [
        [
          "abhor",
          "abhor"
        ],
        [
          "loathe",
          "loathe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to abhor, to loathe"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Nicoline van der Sijs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣryu̯ə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-yu̯ən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-gruwen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/Nl-gruwen.ogg/Nl-gruwen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Nl-gruwen.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gruwen"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gruwel"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "grûwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch grûwen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*grūwijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grūwijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "title": "imitative"
      },
      "expansion": "imitative",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵʰers-",
        "t": "to bristle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch grûwen, grouwen, from Proto-Germanic *grūwijaną, with cognates in Middle High German and Old High German, but further origin unclear; perhaps ultimately an imitative derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”), or instead from *gʰer- (“to rub, stroke, grind”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gruwend",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gegruwd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gruwen",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "gru‧wen"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gruw"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "houden van"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Dutch basic verbs",
        "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
        "Dutch intransitive verbs",
        "Dutch lemmas",
        "Dutch onomatopoeias",
        "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
        "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
        "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Dutch terms with audio links",
        "Dutch terms with usage examples",
        "Dutch verbs",
        "Dutch weak verbs",
        "Rhymes:Dutch/yu̯ən",
        "Rhymes:Dutch/yu̯ən/2 syllables"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Als er iets is waarvan ik gruw, dan is het zijn zelfvoldaanheid.\nIf there is one thing I loathe, it’s his smugness.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to abhor, to loathe"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "abhor",
          "abhor"
        ],
        [
          "loathe",
          "loathe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to abhor, to loathe"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Nicoline van der Sijs"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɣryu̯ə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-yu̯ən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-gruwen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f3/Nl-gruwen.ogg/Nl-gruwen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Nl-gruwen.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gruwen"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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