See grauwen on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From grauw.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gegrauwd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grauwen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"grau‧wen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grauw"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be or become grey"
],
"id": "en-grauwen-nl-verb-M7ux91Kr",
"links": [
[
"grey",
"grey"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "ca. 1890-1900, Carmen Sylva, Castel Pelesch, tr. from German by Cornélie Huygens, L.J. VEEN (publ.), 83.\nIn den droom verscheen hem zijne moeder; hij zag hoe zij ontelbare kranken, met oplegging der handen, genas en bij het grauwen van den morgen sprong hij overeind: ‘Ik wil dokter worden! Zoo kan ik de lijdenden helpen!’",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Arthur van Schendel, “De waterman”, in Drie Hollandse romans, Polak & Van Gennep:",
"text": "Bij het grauwen van de morgen stortte een stuk grond voor het ijs, een gulp water viel binnen en tegelijk begon de klok te luiden, tegelijk steeg het gejammer uit de woningen.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to dawn"
],
"id": "en-grauwen-nl-verb-DJUq4lnp",
"links": [
[
"dawn",
"dawn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) to dawn"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣrɑu̯ə(n)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
}
],
"word": "grauwen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "grouwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grouwen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch grouwen, from the root of gruwen (“to loathe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gegrauwd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grauwen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"grau‧wen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grauw"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grauw"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to growl, to gruff"
],
"id": "en-grauwen-nl-verb-iBv~te5T",
"links": [
[
"growl",
"growl"
],
[
"gruff",
"gruff"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣrɑu̯ə(n)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
}
],
"word": "grauwen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "From grauw.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gegrauwd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grauwen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"grau‧wen"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "grauw"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be or become grey"
],
"links": [
[
"grey",
"grey"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Dutch quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "ca. 1890-1900, Carmen Sylva, Castel Pelesch, tr. from German by Cornélie Huygens, L.J. VEEN (publ.), 83.\nIn den droom verscheen hem zijne moeder; hij zag hoe zij ontelbare kranken, met oplegging der handen, genas en bij het grauwen van den morgen sprong hij overeind: ‘Ik wil dokter worden! Zoo kan ik de lijdenden helpen!’",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Arthur van Schendel, “De waterman”, in Drie Hollandse romans, Polak & Van Gennep:",
"text": "Bij het grauwen van de morgen stortte een stuk grond voor het ijs, een gulp water viel binnen en tegelijk begon de klok te luiden, tegelijk steeg het gejammer uit de woningen.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to dawn"
],
"links": [
[
"dawn",
"dawn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) to dawn"
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣrɑu̯ə(n)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
}
],
"word": "grauwen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grauw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "grouwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grouwen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch grouwen, from the root of gruwen (“to loathe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grauwend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gegrauwd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grauwen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"grau‧wen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grauw"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to growl, to gruff"
],
"links": [
[
"growl",
"growl"
],
[
"gruff",
"gruff"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣrɑu̯ə(n)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
}
],
"word": "grauwen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grauwen meaning in All languages combined (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.