"graphene" meaning in All languages combined

See graphene on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈɡɹæf.iːn/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-graphene.wav [Southern-England], LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-graphene.wav [US] Forms: graphenes [plural]
Rhymes: -æfiːn Etymology: From graph(ite) + -ene. Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|graphite|ene|alt1=graph(ite)}} graph(ite) + -ene Head templates: {{en-noun}} graphene (plural graphenes)
  1. (organic chemistry) Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having the structure of part of a layer of graphite. Categories (topical): Organic chemistry
    Sense id: en-graphene-en-noun-HgO-vHLb Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ene Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 73 27 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ene: 67 33 Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, organic-chemistry, physical-sciences
  2. (inorganic chemistry) An arbitrarily large-scale, one-atom-thick layer of graphite, an allotrope of carbon, that has remarkable electric characteristics. Categories (topical): Inorganic chemistry Translations (large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite): قرافين (Arabic), qrafen (Azerbaijani), grafeno (Basque), графен (hrafjen) (Belarusian), графен (grafen) (Bulgarian), grafè [masculine] (Catalan), 石墨烯 (shímòxī) (Chinese Mandarin), grafen (Czech), grafen (Danish), grafeno (Esperanto), grafeen (Estonian), grafeeni (Finnish), graphène [masculine] (French), Graphen (German), γραφένιο (grafénio) (Greek), גרפן (Hebrew), ग्रेफीन (grephīn) (Hindi), grafén (Hungarian), grafín (Icelandic), grafena (Indonesian), grafene [masculine] (Italian), グラフェン (gurafen) (Japanese), графен (grafen) (Kazakh), 그래핀 (geuraepin) (Korean), grafēns (Latvian), ഗ്രാഫീൻ (grāphīṉ) (Malayalam), karawhīni (Maori), گرافن (gerâfen) (Persian), grafen [masculine] (Polish), grafeno (Portuguese), grafen (Romanian), графе́н (grafén) [masculine] (Russian), графен [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), grafen [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), grafeno [masculine] (Spanish), grafen [neuter] (Swedish), கிராபீன் (kirāpīṉ) (Tamil), графен (hrafen) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-graphene-en-noun-rqpOhqxz Categories (other): Allotropes of carbon Disambiguation of Allotropes of carbon: 31 69 Topics: chemistry, inorganic-chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences Disambiguation of 'large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite': 37 63
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: -ene (alt: monolayer materials similar to graphene), graphane, graphene layer, penta-graphene Related terms: graphite, benzene, cycloalkene, diamond, fullerene

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for graphene meaning in All languages combined (10.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "monolayer materials similar to graphene",
      "word": "-ene"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "graphane"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "graphene layer"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "penta-graphene"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "graphite",
        "3": "ene",
        "alt1": "graph(ite)"
      },
      "expansion": "graph(ite) + -ene",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From graph(ite) + -ene.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "graphenes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "graphene (plural graphenes)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "graphite"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "benzene"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cycloalkene"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "diamond"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fullerene"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Organic chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Organic chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Chemistry",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ene",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having the structure of part of a layer of graphite."
      ],
      "id": "en-graphene-en-noun-HgO-vHLb",
      "links": [
        [
          "organic chemistry",
          "organic chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "polycyclic",
          "polycyclic"
        ],
        [
          "aromatic",
          "aromatic"
        ],
        [
          "hydrocarbon",
          "hydrocarbon"
        ],
        [
          "layer",
          "layer"
        ],
        [
          "graphite",
          "graphite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(organic chemistry) Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having the structure of part of a layer of graphite."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "organic-chemistry",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Inorganic chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Inorganic chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Chemistry",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 69",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Allotropes of carbon",
          "orig": "en:Allotropes of carbon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2014 April 13, Nick Bilton, “Bend it, charge it, dunk it: Graphene, the material of tomorrow”, in The New York Times",
          "text": "Graphene is the strongest, thinnest material known to exist. A form of carbon, it can conduct electricity and heat better than anything else. And get ready for this: It is not only the hardest material in the world but also one of the most pliable. Only a single atom thick, it has been called the wonder material. Graphene could change the electronics industry, ushering in flexible devices, supercharged quantum computers, electronic clothing and computers that can interface with the cells in your body.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 May 18, “The wonder material graphene may have found its killer app”, in The Economist, →ISSN",
          "text": "Graphene, which consists of monolayers of carbon atoms bonded in a repeating hexagonal pattern, is the thinnest known material. It was isolated in 2004 at the University of Manchester by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, who went on to win a Nobel prize for their discovery.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An arbitrarily large-scale, one-atom-thick layer of graphite, an allotrope of carbon, that has remarkable electric characteristics."
      ],
      "id": "en-graphene-en-noun-rqpOhqxz",
      "links": [
        [
          "inorganic chemistry",
          "inorganic chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "allotrope",
          "allotrope"
        ],
        [
          "carbon",
          "carbon"
        ],
        [
          "electric",
          "electric"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(inorganic chemistry) An arbitrarily large-scale, one-atom-thick layer of graphite, an allotrope of carbon, that has remarkable electric characteristics."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "inorganic-chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "قرافين"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "qrafen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafeno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "hrafjen",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "графен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "grafen",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "графен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grafè"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shímòxī",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "石墨烯"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafeno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafeen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafeeni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "graphène"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "Graphen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "grafénio",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "γραφένιο"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "גרפן"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "grephīn",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "ग्रेफीन"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafén"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafín"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafena"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grafene"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "gurafen",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "グラフェン"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "grafen",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "графен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "geuraepin",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "그래핀"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafēns"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "ml",
          "lang": "Malayalam",
          "roman": "grāphīṉ",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "ഗ്രാഫീൻ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "karawhīni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "gerâfen",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "گرافن"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grafen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafeno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "grafen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "grafén",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "графе́н"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "графен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "grafen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grafeno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "grafen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "kirāpīṉ",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "கிராபீன்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "37 63",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "hrafen",
          "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
          "word": "графен"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɹæf.iːn/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æfiːn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-graphene.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graphene.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graphene.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graphene.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graphene.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-graphene.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-graphene.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-graphene.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-graphene.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-graphene.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "graphene"
  ],
  "word": "graphene"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ene",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/æfiːn",
    "Rhymes:English/æfiːn/2 syllables",
    "en:Allotropes of carbon"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "alt": "monolayer materials similar to graphene",
      "word": "-ene"
    },
    {
      "word": "graphane"
    },
    {
      "word": "graphene layer"
    },
    {
      "word": "penta-graphene"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "graphite",
        "3": "ene",
        "alt1": "graph(ite)"
      },
      "expansion": "graph(ite) + -ene",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From graph(ite) + -ene.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "graphenes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "graphene (plural graphenes)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "graphite"
    },
    {
      "word": "benzene"
    },
    {
      "word": "cycloalkene"
    },
    {
      "word": "diamond"
    },
    {
      "word": "fullerene"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Organic chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having the structure of part of a layer of graphite."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "organic chemistry",
          "organic chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "polycyclic",
          "polycyclic"
        ],
        [
          "aromatic",
          "aromatic"
        ],
        [
          "hydrocarbon",
          "hydrocarbon"
        ],
        [
          "layer",
          "layer"
        ],
        [
          "graphite",
          "graphite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(organic chemistry) Any polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having the structure of part of a layer of graphite."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "organic-chemistry",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Inorganic chemistry"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2014 April 13, Nick Bilton, “Bend it, charge it, dunk it: Graphene, the material of tomorrow”, in The New York Times",
          "text": "Graphene is the strongest, thinnest material known to exist. A form of carbon, it can conduct electricity and heat better than anything else. And get ready for this: It is not only the hardest material in the world but also one of the most pliable. Only a single atom thick, it has been called the wonder material. Graphene could change the electronics industry, ushering in flexible devices, supercharged quantum computers, electronic clothing and computers that can interface with the cells in your body.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 May 18, “The wonder material graphene may have found its killer app”, in The Economist, →ISSN",
          "text": "Graphene, which consists of monolayers of carbon atoms bonded in a repeating hexagonal pattern, is the thinnest known material. It was isolated in 2004 at the University of Manchester by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, who went on to win a Nobel prize for their discovery.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An arbitrarily large-scale, one-atom-thick layer of graphite, an allotrope of carbon, that has remarkable electric characteristics."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "inorganic chemistry",
          "inorganic chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "allotrope",
          "allotrope"
        ],
        [
          "carbon",
          "carbon"
        ],
        [
          "electric",
          "electric"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(inorganic chemistry) An arbitrarily large-scale, one-atom-thick layer of graphite, an allotrope of carbon, that has remarkable electric characteristics."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "inorganic-chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡɹæf.iːn/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æfiːn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-graphene.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graphene.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graphene.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graphene.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graphene.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-graphene.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-graphene.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-graphene.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-graphene.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-graphene.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "قرافين"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "qrafen"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafeno"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "hrafjen",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "графен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "grafen",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "графен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grafè"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shímòxī",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "石墨烯"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafen"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafen"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafeno"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafeen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafeeni"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "graphène"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "Graphen"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "grafénio",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "γραφένιο"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "גרפן"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "grephīn",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "ग्रेफीन"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafén"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafín"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafena"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grafene"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "gurafen",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "グラフェン"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "grafen",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "графен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "geuraepin",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "그래핀"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafēns"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "grāphīṉ",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "ഗ്രാഫീൻ"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "karawhīni"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "gerâfen",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "گرافن"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grafen"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafeno"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "grafen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "grafén",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "графе́н"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "графен"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "grafen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grafeno"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "grafen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "kirāpīṉ",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "கிராபீன்"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "hrafen",
      "sense": "large-scale, one-atom thick layer of graphite",
      "word": "графен"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "graphene"
  ],
  "word": "graphene"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.