See gā́wš on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gā́wṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gā́wṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gā́wṣ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गो",
"3": "*गाव",
"tr": "gó"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गो (gó), *गाव (gāva)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गो (gó), *गाव (gāva) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gā́wš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gā́wš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gā́wš (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "*gā́wā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *gā́wā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Nuristani: *gā́wā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamkata-viri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvi",
"2": "gó"
},
"expansion": "Kamviri: gó",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamviri: gó"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh-kat",
"2": "gó"
},
"expansion": "Kativiri: gó",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kativiri: gó"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ask",
"2": "gá"
},
"expansion": "Ashkun: gá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashkun: gá"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trm",
"2": "gá"
},
"expansion": "Tregami: gá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tregami: gá"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbk",
"2": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Waigali: ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waigali: ga"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*gʷṓws>cattle",
"id": "cow",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷṓws\nProto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws",
"4": "",
"5": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷṓws\nProto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš\nFrom Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gā́wš m or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gā́wš",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow"
],
"id": "en-gā́wš-iir-pro-noun-vrE0dUkQ",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gā́wš"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬀𐬊"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-skw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"3": "",
"t": "ox",
"t2": "cow",
"tr": "gūha",
"tr2": "gūhā"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (gūha, “ox”), [script needed] (gūhā, “cow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (gūha, “ox”), [script needed] (gūhā, “cow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "ɣ̌ыu"
},
"expansion": "Wakhi: ɣ̌ыu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wakhi: ɣ̌ыu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "γαοι",
"ts": "gāw"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: γαοι (gaoi /gāw/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: γαοι (gaoi /gāw/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sgc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sogdic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Sogdic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-",
"ts": "ɣāw; ɣaw, ɣow"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: (/ɣāw; ɣaw, ɣow/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: (/ɣāw; ɣaw, ɣow/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫄𐫀𐫇",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫄𐫀𐫇 (ɣʾw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫄𐫀𐫇 (ɣʾw)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼲𐼰𐼴",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ɣʾw"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: 𐼲𐼰𐼴 (ɣʾw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: 𐼲𐼰𐼴 (ɣʾw)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܮܐܘ",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "γʾw"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: ܮܐܘ (γʾw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: ܮܐܘ (γʾw), ܮܘ (γw)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"2": "ғов",
"tr": "γow"
},
"expansion": "Yagnobi: ғов (γow)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yagnobi: ғов (γow)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "غاو",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "γāw"
},
"expansion": "→ Classical Persian: غاو (γāw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Classical Persian: غاو (γāw)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ormuri-Parachi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oru",
"2": "گوی",
"tr": "gōī"
},
"expansion": "Ormuri: گوی (gōī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ormuri: گوی (gōī)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prc",
"2": "گو",
"tr": "gū"
},
"expansion": "Parachi: گو (gū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parachi: گو (gū)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "غوا",
"tr": "ghwā"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: غوا (ghwā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: غوا (ghwā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sym-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"2": "غوو",
"tr": "γavō"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: غوو (γavō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: غوو (γavō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shy-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srh",
"2": "žaw"
},
"expansion": "Sarikoli: žaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sarikoli: žaw"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "з̌ов̌"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: з̌ов̌ (žōw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: з̌ов̌ (žōw)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yah",
"2": "ғев̌"
},
"expansion": "Yazghulami: ғев̌ (ɣew)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yazghulami: ғев̌ (ɣew)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "گا"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: گا (ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: گا (ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lki",
"2": "گا"
},
"expansion": "Laki: گا (ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laki: گا (ga), گۊ (gü)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: ga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "گا"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: گا (ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: گا (ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "گا",
"3": "گو",
"4": "گاب",
"tr": "gå",
"tr2": "gow",
"tr3": "gåb"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: گا (gå), گو (gow), گاب (gåb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: گا (gå), گو (gow), گاب (gåb)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "گو",
"tr": "guw"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: گو (guw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mazanderani: گو (guw)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "گو",
"tr": "gow"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: گو (gow)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mazanderani: گو (gow)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgr",
"2": "گو",
"tr": "gow"
},
"expansion": "Sangisari: گو (gow)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sangisari: گو (gow)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Median:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-ker",
"2": "گاب",
"3": "gu",
"4": "gow",
"q1": "Isfahani",
"q3": "Kermani, Zoroastrian Dari",
"tr": "gāb"
},
"expansion": "Kermanic: (Isfahani) گاب (gāb), gu, (Kermani, Zoroastrian Dari) gow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kermanic: (Isfahani) گاب (gāb), gu, (Kermani, Zoroastrian Dari) gow"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-azr",
"2": "گاو",
"tr": "gāw"
},
"expansion": "Old Azari: گاو (gāw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Azari: گاو (gāw)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrz",
"2": "گو",
"tr": "göw"
},
"expansion": "Harzani: گو (göw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Harzani: گو (göw)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kgn",
"2": "غو",
"tr": "γo"
},
"expansion": "Karingani: غو (γo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karingani: غو (γo)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "-",
"ts": "gāv"
},
"expansion": "Talysh: (/gāv/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Talysh: (/gāv/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "گاو",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: گاو",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: گاو"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "gav",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: gav",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: gav"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫃𐫀𐫇",
"ts": "gāw"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫃𐫀𐫇 (gʾw /gāw/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫃𐫀𐫇 (gʾw /gāw/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-zgr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "گاۋ",
"tr": "gāʋ"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: گاۋ (gāʋ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: گاۋ (gāʋ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: ga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*gāuš"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: *gāuš\nMiddle Persian: (/gāw/) (< OP acc. *gāvam)\nManichaean script: 𐫃𐫀𐫇 (gʾw)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (TWRA)\nPazend script: 𐬔𐬃 (gā̊)\nLurish:\nNorthern Luri: گۉ (gow)\nSilakhori: گۋ (gü)\nBakhtiari: گۉ (gow, go)\nSouthern Luri: گا (gā), گۉ (gow)\nClassical Persian: گاو (gāw)\nDari: گاو (gāw)\nPersian: گاو (gâv), گاب (gâb) (perhaps via Northwestern)\nTajik: гов (gov)\n→ Gilaki: گاو (gåv)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: *gāuš\nMiddle Persian: (/gāw/) (< OP acc. *gāvam)\nManichaean script: 𐫃𐫀𐫇 (gʾw)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (TWRA)\nPazend script: 𐬔𐬃 (gā̊)\nLurish:\nNorthern Luri: گۉ (gow)\nSilakhori: گۋ (gü)\nBakhtiari: گۉ (gow, go)\nSouthern Luri: گا (gā), گۉ (gow)\nClassical Persian: گاو (gāw)\nDari: گاو (gāw)\nPersian: گاو (gâv), گاب (gâb) (perhaps via Northwestern)\nTajik: гов (gov)\n→ Gilaki: گاو (gåv)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*gā́wš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*gā́wš f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gā́wš",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Harzani terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Karingani terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Parachi terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sogdian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sogdian terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yagnobi terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "meat, flesh",
"word": "gawštaH"
},
{
"roman": "ǧog",
"sense": "Ossetian",
"word": "гъог"
},
{
"roman": "qug",
"sense": "Ossetian; Iron Ossetian",
"word": "хъуг"
},
{
"alt": "γwk /*γawk; *γuk/",
"sense": "*gā́wkah (“calf; cow”)",
"word": "غوک"
},
{
"alt": "γüej",
"english": "deer, horned wild animal",
"sense": "*gā́wkah (“calf; cow”)",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"roman": "gúk, gok",
"sense": "*gā́wkah (“calf; cow”)",
"word": "گوک"
},
{
"roman": "gōg",
"sense": "*gā́wkah (“calf; cow”)",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
],
"word": "گوگ"
},
{
"english": "calf",
"roman": "gôk",
"sense": "*gā́wkah (“calf; cow”)",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
],
"word": "گوک"
},
{
"english": "calf",
"roman": "gowk, gūk",
"sense": "Old Mazanderani: گوک (guk)",
"word": "گوک"
},
{
"roman": "gauuāza",
"sense": "*gā́waj(án)ah (“ox-goad”) (Cognate with Sanskrit गवजन (gavájana, “whip, stick for driving cattle”))",
"word": "𐬔𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬰𐬀"
},
{
"alt": "Cf. with Old Armenian խար-ազան (xar-azan; )",
"english": "stick for driving animals; donkey-goad; stick for driving animals",
"roman": "gaw-azan",
"sense": "Parthian: 𐫃𐫇𐫀𐫉 (gwʾz /gawāz/, “goad, prod”) (Cf. with Parthian 𐫟𐫡𐫀𐫉𐫗 (xrʾzn /xarāzan/, “donkey-goad”))",
"word": "→ Old Armenian: գաւ-ազան"
},
{
"roman": "jawāz",
"sense": "→ Classical Persian: گواز (gawāz), گوازه (gavâza)",
"word": "→ Arabic: جواز"
},
{
"roman": "jawāzaq",
"sense": "→ Classical Persian: گواز (gawāz), گوازه (gavâza)",
"word": "جوازق"
},
{
"roman": "gavāza",
"sense": "→ Classical Persian: گواز (gawāz), گوازه (gavâza)",
"word": "→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓܵܒ݂ܲܙܵܐ"
},
{
"roman": "lavāza",
"sense": "→ Classical Persian: گواز (gawāz), گوازه (gavâza)",
"word": "ܠܵܒ݂ܲܙܵܐ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cow"
],
"id": "en-gā́wš-ira-pro-noun-vrE0dUkQ",
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gā́wš"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gā́wṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gā́wṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gā́wṣ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गो",
"3": "*गाव",
"tr": "gó"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गो (gó), *गाव (gāva)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गो (gó), *गाव (gāva) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gā́wš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gā́wš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gā́wš (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "*gā́wā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *gā́wā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Nuristani: *gā́wā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamkata-viri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvi",
"2": "gó"
},
"expansion": "Kamviri: gó",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamviri: gó"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh-kat",
"2": "gó"
},
"expansion": "Kativiri: gó",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kativiri: gó"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ask",
"2": "gá"
},
"expansion": "Ashkun: gá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashkun: gá"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trm",
"2": "gá"
},
"expansion": "Tregami: gá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tregami: gá"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbk",
"2": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Waigali: ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waigali: ga"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*gʷṓws>cattle",
"id": "cow",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷṓws\nProto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws",
"4": "",
"5": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʷṓws\nProto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš\nFrom Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gā́wš m or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gā́wš",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns with multiple genders",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"iir-pro:Bovines"
],
"glosses": [
"cow"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gā́wš"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "meat, flesh",
"word": "gawštaH"
},
{
"roman": "ǧog",
"sense": "Ossetian",
"word": "гъог"
},
{
"roman": "qug",
"sense": "Ossetian; Iron Ossetian",
"word": "хъуг"
},
{
"alt": "γwk /*γawk; *γuk/",
"sense": "*gā́wkah (“calf; cow”)",
"word": "غوک"
},
{
"alt": "γüej",
"english": "deer, horned wild animal",
"sense": "*gā́wkah (“calf; cow”)",
"word": "[script needed]"
},
{
"roman": "gúk, gok",
"sense": "*gā́wkah (“calf; cow”)",
"word": "گوک"
},
{
"english": "calf",
"roman": "gowk, gūk",
"sense": "Old Mazanderani: گوک (guk)",
"word": "گوک"
},
{
"roman": "gōg",
"sense": "*gā́wkah (“calf; cow”)",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
],
"word": "گوگ"
},
{
"english": "calf",
"roman": "gôk",
"sense": "*gā́wkah (“calf; cow”)",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
],
"word": "گوک"
},
{
"roman": "gauuāza",
"sense": "*gā́waj(án)ah (“ox-goad”) (Cognate with Sanskrit गवजन (gavájana, “whip, stick for driving cattle”))",
"word": "𐬔𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬰𐬀"
},
{
"alt": "Cf. with Old Armenian խար-ազան (xar-azan; )",
"english": "stick for driving animals; donkey-goad; stick for driving animals",
"roman": "gaw-azan",
"sense": "Parthian: 𐫃𐫇𐫀𐫉 (gwʾz /gawāz/, “goad, prod”) (Cf. with Parthian 𐫟𐫡𐫀𐫉𐫗 (xrʾzn /xarāzan/, “donkey-goad”))",
"word": "→ Old Armenian: գաւ-ազան"
},
{
"roman": "jawāz",
"sense": "→ Classical Persian: گواز (gawāz), گوازه (gavâza)",
"word": "→ Arabic: جواز"
},
{
"roman": "jawāzaq",
"sense": "→ Classical Persian: گواز (gawāz), گوازه (gavâza)",
"word": "جوازق"
},
{
"roman": "gavāza",
"sense": "→ Classical Persian: گواز (gawāz), گوازه (gavâza)",
"word": "→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܓܵܒ݂ܲܙܵܐ"
},
{
"roman": "lavāza",
"sense": "→ Classical Persian: گواز (gawāz), گوازه (gavâza)",
"word": "ܠܵܒ݂ܲܙܵܐ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬀𐬊"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬊 (gao)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-skw-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Saka-Wakhi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"3": "",
"t": "ox",
"t2": "cow",
"tr": "gūha",
"tr2": "gūhā"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (gūha, “ox”), [script needed] (gūhā, “cow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (gūha, “ox”), [script needed] (gūhā, “cow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbl",
"2": "ɣ̌ыu"
},
"expansion": "Wakhi: ɣ̌ыu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wakhi: ɣ̌ыu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "γαοι",
"ts": "gāw"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: γαοι (gaoi /gāw/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: γαοι (gaoi /gāw/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sgc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sogdic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Sogdic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-",
"ts": "ɣāw; ɣaw, ɣow"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: (/ɣāw; ɣaw, ɣow/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: (/ɣāw; ɣaw, ɣow/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐫄𐫀𐫇",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫄𐫀𐫇 (ɣʾw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫄𐫀𐫇 (ɣʾw)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐼲𐼰𐼴",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ɣʾw"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: 𐼲𐼰𐼴 (ɣʾw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: 𐼲𐼰𐼴 (ɣʾw)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܮܐܘ",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "γʾw"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: ܮܐܘ (γʾw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: ܮܐܘ (γʾw), ܮܘ (γw)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"2": "ғов",
"tr": "γow"
},
"expansion": "Yagnobi: ғов (γow)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yagnobi: ғов (γow)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "غاو",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "γāw"
},
"expansion": "→ Classical Persian: غاو (γāw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Classical Persian: غاو (γāw)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ormuri-Parachi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oru",
"2": "گوی",
"tr": "gōī"
},
"expansion": "Ormuri: گوی (gōī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ormuri: گوی (gōī)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prc",
"2": "گو",
"tr": "gū"
},
"expansion": "Parachi: گو (gū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parachi: گو (gū)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "غوا",
"tr": "ghwā"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: غوا (ghwā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: غوا (ghwā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-sym-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ydg",
"2": "غوو",
"tr": "γavō"
},
"expansion": "Yidgha: غوو (γavō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yidgha: غوو (γavō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shy-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srh",
"2": "žaw"
},
"expansion": "Sarikoli: žaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sarikoli: žaw"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "з̌ов̌"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: з̌ов̌ (žōw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: з̌ов̌ (žōw)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yah",
"2": "ғев̌"
},
"expansion": "Yazghulami: ғев̌ (ɣew)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yazghulami: ғев̌ (ɣew)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "گا"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: گا (ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: گا (ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lki",
"2": "گا"
},
"expansion": "Laki: گا (ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laki: گا (ga), گۊ (gü)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: ga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "گا"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: گا (ga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: گا (ga)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "گا",
"3": "گو",
"4": "گاب",
"tr": "gå",
"tr2": "gow",
"tr3": "gåb"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: گا (gå), گو (gow), گاب (gåb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: گا (gå), گو (gow), گاب (gåb)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "گو",
"tr": "guw"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: گو (guw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mazanderani: گو (guw)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "گو",
"tr": "gow"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: گو (gow)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mazanderani: گو (gow)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgr",
"2": "گو",
"tr": "gow"
},
"expansion": "Sangisari: گو (gow)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sangisari: گو (gow)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old"
},
"expansion": "Old Median:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-ker",
"2": "گاب",
"3": "gu",
"4": "gow",
"q1": "Isfahani",
"q3": "Kermani, Zoroastrian Dari",
"tr": "gāb"
},
"expansion": "Kermanic: (Isfahani) گاب (gāb), gu, (Kermani, Zoroastrian Dari) gow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kermanic: (Isfahani) گاب (gāb), gu, (Kermani, Zoroastrian Dari) gow"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-azr",
"2": "گاو",
"tr": "gāw"
},
"expansion": "Old Azari: گاو (gāw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Azari: گاو (gāw)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrz",
"2": "گو",
"tr": "göw"
},
"expansion": "Harzani: گو (göw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Harzani: گو (göw)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kgn",
"2": "غو",
"tr": "γo"
},
"expansion": "Karingani: غو (γo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karingani: غو (γo)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "-",
"ts": "gāv"
},
"expansion": "Talysh: (/gāv/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Talysh: (/gāv/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "گاو",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: گاو",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: گاو"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "gav",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: gav",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: gav"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫃𐫀𐫇",
"ts": "gāw"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫃𐫀𐫇 (gʾw /gāw/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫃𐫀𐫇 (gʾw /gāw/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-zgr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "گاۋ",
"tr": "gāʋ"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: گاۋ (gāʋ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: گاۋ (gāʋ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "ga"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: ga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*gāuš"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: *gāuš\nMiddle Persian: (/gāw/) (< OP acc. *gāvam)\nManichaean script: 𐫃𐫀𐫇 (gʾw)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (TWRA)\nPazend script: 𐬔𐬃 (gā̊)\nLurish:\nNorthern Luri: گۉ (gow)\nSilakhori: گۋ (gü)\nBakhtiari: گۉ (gow, go)\nSouthern Luri: گا (gā), گۉ (gow)\nClassical Persian: گاو (gāw)\nDari: گاو (gāw)\nPersian: گاو (gâv), گاب (gâb) (perhaps via Northwestern)\nTajik: гов (gov)\n→ Gilaki: گاو (gåv)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: *gāuš\nMiddle Persian: (/gāw/) (< OP acc. *gāvam)\nManichaean script: 𐫃𐫀𐫇 (gʾw)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (TWRA)\nPazend script: 𐬔𐬃 (gā̊)\nLurish:\nNorthern Luri: گۉ (gow)\nSilakhori: گۋ (gü)\nBakhtiari: گۉ (gow, go)\nSouthern Luri: گا (gā), گۉ (gow)\nClassical Persian: گاو (gāw)\nDari: گاو (gāw)\nPersian: گاو (gâv), گاب (gâb) (perhaps via Northwestern)\nTajik: гов (gov)\n→ Gilaki: گاو (gåv)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*gā́wš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*gā́wš f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gā́wš",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Harzani terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Karingani terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Middle Persian term requests",
"Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Parachi terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Iranian feminine nouns",
"Proto-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Requests for Book Pahlavi script for Middle Persian terms",
"Requests for native script for Khotanese terms",
"Sogdian term requests",
"Sogdian terms with redundant script codes",
"Sogdian terms with redundant transliterations",
"Talysh term requests",
"Yagnobi terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"cow"
],
"links": [
[
"cow",
"cow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gā́wš"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gā́wš meaning in All languages combined (16.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.