"gíall" meaning in All languages combined

See gíall on Wiktionary

Noun [Old Irish]

IPA: /ɡʲiːa̯l͈/
Etymology: According to MacBain, possibly borrowed from Old English ceafl (“cheek, jaw”). Etymology templates: {{etymid|sga|jaw}}, {{bor|sga|ang|ceafl|t=cheek, jaw}} Old English ceafl (“cheek, jaw”) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|géill||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} gíall m (genitive géill), {{sga-noun|m|géill}} gíall m (genitive géill) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|géill}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=gíall+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=gíallu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=gíall+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=gíallaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=gíallaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=gíall+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=gíall|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=gíall+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=géill+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=gíall+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=géill+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=gíall|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=gíall+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=gíallu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=géill|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}} Forms: géill [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], gíall [masculine, nominative, singular, stem], gíall [dual, masculine, nominative, stem], géill [masculine, nominative, plural, stem], géill [masculine, singular, stem, vocative], gíall [dual, masculine, stem, vocative], gíallu [masculine, plural, stem, vocative], gíall [accusative, masculine, singular, stem], gíall [accusative, dual, masculine, stem], gíallu [accusative, masculine, plural, stem], géill [genitive, masculine, singular, stem], gíall [dual, genitive, masculine, stem], gíall [genitive, masculine, plural, stem], gíall [dative, masculine, singular, stem], gíallaib [dative, dual, masculine, stem], gíallaib [dative, masculine, plural, stem]
  1. jaw Tags: masculine Categories (topical): Face
    Sense id: en-gíall-sga-noun-9pXnGrOB
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Old Irish]

IPA: /ɡʲiːa̯l͈/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *geistlos (compare Welsh gwystl, Cornish gostel, Breton gouestl), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeystlo-, from *gʰeydʰ-. Etymology templates: {{etymid|sga|hostage}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*geistlos}} Proto-Celtic *geistlos, {{cog|cy|gwystl}} Welsh gwystl, {{cog|kw|gostel}} Cornish gostel, {{cog|br|gouestl}} Breton gouestl, {{inh|sga|ine-pro|*gʰeystlo-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰeystlo- Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|géill||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} gíall m (genitive géill), {{sga-noun|m|géill}} gíall m (genitive géill) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|géill}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=gíall+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=gíallu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=gíall+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=gíallaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=gíallaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=gíall+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=gíall|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=gíall+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=géill+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=gíall+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=géill+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=gíall|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=gíall+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=gíallu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=géill|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation|g|íall}} Forms: géill [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], gíall [masculine, nominative, singular, stem], gíall [dual, masculine, nominative, stem], géill [masculine, nominative, plural, stem], géill [masculine, singular, stem, vocative], gíall [dual, masculine, stem, vocative], gíallu [masculine, plural, stem, vocative], gíall [accusative, masculine, singular, stem], gíall [accusative, dual, masculine, stem], gíallu [accusative, masculine, plural, stem], géill [genitive, masculine, singular, stem], gíall [dual, genitive, masculine, stem], gíall [genitive, masculine, plural, stem], gíall [dative, masculine, singular, stem], gíallaib [dative, dual, masculine, stem], gíallaib [dative, masculine, plural, stem], no-table-tags [table-tags], gíall [mutation, mutation-radical], gíall [mutation, mutation-nasal], ngíall [mutation]
  1. human pledge, hostage Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-gíall-sga-noun-mfhC5p4X Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 9 91 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 13 87 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 9 91
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "giall",
            "t": "jaw, lower cheek"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: giall (“jaw, lower cheek”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: giall (“jaw, lower cheek”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "giall",
            "t": "jaw, jowl"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: giall (“jaw, jowl”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: giall (“jaw, jowl”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ceafl",
        "t": "cheek, jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ceafl (“cheek, jaw”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "According to MacBain, possibly borrowed from Old English ceafl (“cheek, jaw”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "géill",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gíall m (genitive géill)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "géill"
      },
      "expansion": "gíall m (genitive géill)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "géill"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "gíall+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "gíallu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "gíall+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "gíallaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "gíallaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "gíall+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "gíall",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "gíall+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "géill+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "gíall+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "géill+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "gíall",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "gíall+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "gíallu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "géill",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Face",
          "orig": "sga:Face",
          "parents": [
            "Head and neck",
            "Body parts",
            "Body",
            "Anatomy",
            "All topics",
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences",
            "Healthcare",
            "Health"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "jaw"
      ],
      "id": "en-gíall-sga-noun-9pXnGrOB",
      "links": [
        [
          "jaw",
          "jaw"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡʲiːa̯l͈/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gíall"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "gíall"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: gíall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: gíall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "giall",
            "t": "hostage, human pledge"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: giall (“hostage, human pledge”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: giall (“hostage, human pledge”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "giall"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: giall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: giall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "gíallacht",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle Irish: gíallacht",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle Irish: gíallacht"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "hostage"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*geistlos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *geistlos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwystl"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwystl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "gostel"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish gostel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "gouestl"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton gouestl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰeystlo-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeystlo-",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *geistlos (compare Welsh gwystl, Cornish gostel, Breton gouestl), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeystlo-, from *gʰeydʰ-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ngíall",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "géill",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gíall m (genitive géill)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "géill"
      },
      "expansion": "gíall m (genitive géill)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "géill"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "gíall+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "gíallu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "gíall+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "gíallaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "gíallaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "gíall+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "gíall",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "gíall+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "géill+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "gíall+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "géill+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "gíall",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "gíall+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "gíallu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "géill",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "g",
        "2": "íall"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "human pledge, hostage"
      ],
      "id": "en-gíall-sga-noun-mfhC5p4X",
      "links": [
        [
          "pledge",
          "pledge"
        ],
        [
          "hostage",
          "hostage"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡʲiːa̯l͈/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gíall"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine nouns",
    "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms borrowed from Old English",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Old English",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "giall",
            "t": "jaw, lower cheek"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: giall (“jaw, lower cheek”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: giall (“jaw, lower cheek”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "giall",
            "t": "jaw, jowl"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: giall (“jaw, jowl”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: giall (“jaw, jowl”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ceafl",
        "t": "cheek, jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ceafl (“cheek, jaw”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "According to MacBain, possibly borrowed from Old English ceafl (“cheek, jaw”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "géill",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gíall m (genitive géill)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "géill"
      },
      "expansion": "gíall m (genitive géill)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "géill"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "gíall+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "gíallu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "gíall+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "gíallaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "gíallaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "gíall+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "gíall",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "gíall+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "géill+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "gíall+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "géill+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "gíall",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "gíall+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "gíallu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "géill",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "sga:Face"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "jaw"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jaw",
          "jaw"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡʲiːa̯l͈/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gíall"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine nouns",
    "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "gíall"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: gíall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: gíall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "giall",
            "t": "hostage, human pledge"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: giall (“hostage, human pledge”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: giall (“hostage, human pledge”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "giall"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: giall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: giall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "gíallacht",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Middle Irish: gíallacht",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Middle Irish: gíallacht"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "hostage"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*geistlos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *geistlos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwystl"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwystl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "gostel"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish gostel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "br",
        "2": "gouestl"
      },
      "expansion": "Breton gouestl",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰeystlo-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeystlo-",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *geistlos (compare Welsh gwystl, Cornish gostel, Breton gouestl), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeystlo-, from *gʰeydʰ-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "géill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíallaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gíall",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ngíall",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "géill",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gíall m (genitive géill)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "géill"
      },
      "expansion": "gíall m (genitive géill)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "géill"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "gíall+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "gíallu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "gíall+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "gíallaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "gíallaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "gíall+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "gíall",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "gíall+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "géill+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "gíall+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "géill+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "gíall",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "gíall+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "gíallu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "géill",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "g",
        "2": "íall"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "human pledge, hostage"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pledge",
          "pledge"
        ],
        [
          "hostage",
          "hostage"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡʲiːa̯l͈/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gíall"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gíall meaning in All languages combined (10.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
  "path": [
    "gíall"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "gíall",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
  "path": [
    "gíall"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "gíall",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.