"furfur" meaning in All languages combined

See furfur on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈfɜːfə/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈfɝfɚ/ [General-American] Forms: furfures [plural]
Etymology: From Latin furfur (“bran”), reduplication of *fur, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰur-, metathesis of *gʰrus- (compare Lithuanian grū́sti (“to grind (barley)”), Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs, “skin, husk”)). Etymology templates: {{der|en|la|furfur||bran}} Latin furfur (“bran”), {{m|la|*fur}} *fur, {{der|en|ine-pro|*gʰur-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰur-, {{m|ine-pro|*gʰrus-}} *gʰrus-, {{cog|lt|grust|grū́sti|to grind (barley)}} Lithuanian grū́sti (“to grind (barley)”), {{cog|grc|χρώς||skin, husk}} Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs, “skin, husk”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-|es}} furfur (usually uncountable, plural furfures)
  1. (archaic, countable) a particle of dandruff Tags: archaic, countable, usually
    Sense id: en-furfur-en-noun-uum9SUjZ Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 52 48
  2. (archaic, uncountable) dandruff Tags: archaic, uncountable, usually Translations (dandruff): пърхот (pǎrhot) [masculine] (Bulgarian), пе́рхоть (pérxotʹ) [feminine] (Russian), лупа́ (lupá) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-furfur-en-noun-zrbLdvhz Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of 'dandruff': 30 70

Noun [Latin]

IPA: /ˈfur.fur/ [Classical], [ˈfʊrfʊr] [Classical], /ˈfur.fur/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈfurfur] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Unknown. Traditionally explained as from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”), however as De Vaan notes the vowel /u/ would be unexplained; a preform *gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur- would be expected instead, but no such root exists. Compare Ancient Greek κέγχρος (kénkhros) and κάχρυς (kákhrus), which also relate to grains. Alternatively, cognate with Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, refuse grain; rubbish”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-. In either of these cases, from a reduplicated root. Given the word's unusual form in the absence of a solid Indo-European explanation, borrowing from some unknown, perhaps substrate, source is likely. Etymology templates: {{unk|la}} Unknown, {{der|la|ine-pro|*gʰer-||to rub, grind}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”), {{m|ine-pro||*gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur-}} *gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur-, {{cog|grc|κέγχρος}} Ancient Greek κέγχρος (kénkhros), {{m|grc|κάχρυς}} κάχρυς (kákhrus), {{cog|sa|बुस||chaff, refuse grain; rubbish}} Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, refuse grain; rubbish”), {{m+|ine-pro|*bʰews-|*bʰus-}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-, {{glossary|reduplicated}} reduplicated, {{der|la|qfa-sub}} substrate Head templates: {{la-noun|furfur<3>|g=m}} furfur m (genitive furfuris); third declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|furfur<3>}} Forms: furfuris [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], furfur [nominative, singular], furfurēs [nominative, plural], furfuris [genitive, singular], furfurum [genitive, plural], furfurī [dative, singular], furfuribus [dative, plural], furfurem [accusative, singular], furfurēs [accusative, plural], furfure [ablative, singular], furfuribus [ablative, plural], furfur [singular, vocative], furfurēs [plural, vocative]
  1. bran, husks of grain, chaff Tags: declension-3, masculine
    Sense id: en-furfur-la-noun-TCCJSa7~ Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 78 22 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 56 44
  2. scaly infection of the skin Tags: declension-3, masculine
    Sense id: en-furfur-la-noun-1RVn3zjg
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: furfurāceus, furfurāculum, furfurārius, furfureus, furfuriō, furfurōsus

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for furfur meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "furfur",
        "4": "",
        "5": "bran"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin furfur (“bran”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*fur"
      },
      "expansion": "*fur",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰur-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰur-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʰrus-"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰrus-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "grust",
        "3": "grū́sti",
        "4": "to grind (barley)"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian grū́sti (“to grind (barley)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χρώς",
        "3": "",
        "4": "skin, husk"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs, “skin, husk”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin furfur (“bran”), reduplication of *fur, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰur-, metathesis of *gʰrus- (compare Lithuanian grū́sti (“to grind (barley)”), Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs, “skin, husk”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "furfures",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "furfur (usually uncountable, plural furfures)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a particle of dandruff"
      ],
      "id": "en-furfur-en-noun-uum9SUjZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "dandruff",
          "dandruff"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, countable) a particle of dandruff"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1964, Anthony Burgess, Nothing Like the Sun",
          "text": "‘Aye,’ said WS, still in bed, scratching his baldness, examining the furfur in his fingernails.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dandruff"
      ],
      "id": "en-furfur-en-noun-zrbLdvhz",
      "links": [
        [
          "dandruff",
          "dandruff"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, uncountable) dandruff"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "30 70",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "pǎrhot",
          "sense": "dandruff",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пърхот"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "30 70",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pérxotʹ",
          "sense": "dandruff",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "пе́рхоть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "30 70",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "lupá",
          "sense": "dandruff",
          "word": "лупа́"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɜːfə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɝfɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "furfur"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "furfurāceus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "furfurāculum"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "furfurārius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "furfureus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "furfuriō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "furfurōsus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "forfora",
            "3": "forforo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: forfora, forforo",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Lucchese"
          },
          "expansion": "(Lucchese)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: forfora, forforo (Lucchese)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "fourfre"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: fourfre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: fourfre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "forfa",
            "3": "fòrfora"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: forfa, fòrfora",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: forfa, fòrfora"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "frùffere",
            "3": "fùffere",
            "4": "fùrfaru"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: frùffere, fùffere, fùrfaru",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: frùffere, fùffere, fùrfaru"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "fúrfur",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: fúrfur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: fúrfur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "furfur",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: furfur",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "furfuraceous",
            "der": "1",
            "nolb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ furfuraceous",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: furfur ⇒ furfuraceous"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "furfures",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: furfures",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: furfures"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰer-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rub, grind"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur-"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κέγχρος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κέγχρος (kénkhros)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κάχρυς"
      },
      "expansion": "κάχρυς (kákhrus)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "बुस",
        "3": "",
        "4": "chaff, refuse grain; rubbish"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, refuse grain; rubbish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰews-",
        "3": "*bʰus-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "reduplicated"
      },
      "expansion": "reduplicated",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Traditionally explained as from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”), however as De Vaan notes the vowel /u/ would be unexplained; a preform *gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur- would be expected instead, but no such root exists. Compare Ancient Greek κέγχρος (kénkhros) and κάχρυς (kákhrus), which also relate to grains.\nAlternatively, cognate with Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, refuse grain; rubbish”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-. In either of these cases, from a reduplicated root.\nGiven the word's unusual form in the absence of a solid Indo-European explanation, borrowing from some unknown, perhaps substrate, source is likely.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "furfuris",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfur",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfuris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfuribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfure",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfuribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfur",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "furfur<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "furfur m (genitive furfuris); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "furfur<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "78 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "56 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "bran, husks of grain, chaff"
      ],
      "id": "en-furfur-la-noun-TCCJSa7~",
      "links": [
        [
          "bran",
          "bran"
        ],
        [
          "husk",
          "husk"
        ],
        [
          "grain",
          "grain"
        ],
        [
          "chaff",
          "chaff"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "scaly infection of the skin"
      ],
      "id": "en-furfur-la-noun-1RVn3zjg",
      "links": [
        [
          "scaly",
          "scaly"
        ],
        [
          "infection",
          "infection"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfur.fur/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfʊrfʊr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfur.fur/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfurfur]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "furfur"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "furfur",
        "4": "",
        "5": "bran"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin furfur (“bran”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "*fur"
      },
      "expansion": "*fur",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰur-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰur-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʰrus-"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰrus-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "grust",
        "3": "grū́sti",
        "4": "to grind (barley)"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian grū́sti (“to grind (barley)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "χρώς",
        "3": "",
        "4": "skin, husk"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs, “skin, husk”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin furfur (“bran”), reduplication of *fur, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰur-, metathesis of *gʰrus- (compare Lithuanian grū́sti (“to grind (barley)”), Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs, “skin, husk”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "furfures",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "es"
      },
      "expansion": "furfur (usually uncountable, plural furfures)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a particle of dandruff"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dandruff",
          "dandruff"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, countable) a particle of dandruff"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "countable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1964, Anthony Burgess, Nothing Like the Sun",
          "text": "‘Aye,’ said WS, still in bed, scratching his baldness, examining the furfur in his fingernails.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dandruff"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dandruff",
          "dandruff"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic, uncountable) dandruff"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɜːfə/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɝfɚ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "pǎrhot",
      "sense": "dandruff",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пърхот"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pérxotʹ",
      "sense": "dandruff",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "пе́рхоть"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "lupá",
      "sense": "dandruff",
      "word": "лупа́"
    }
  ],
  "word": "furfur"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from substrate languages",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Latin third declension nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "furfurāceus"
    },
    {
      "word": "furfurāculum"
    },
    {
      "word": "furfurārius"
    },
    {
      "word": "furfureus"
    },
    {
      "word": "furfuriō"
    },
    {
      "word": "furfurōsus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "forfora",
            "3": "forforo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: forfora, forforo",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Lucchese"
          },
          "expansion": "(Lucchese)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: forfora, forforo (Lucchese)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "fourfre"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: fourfre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: fourfre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "forfa",
            "3": "fòrfora"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: forfa, fòrfora",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: forfa, fòrfora"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "frùffere",
            "3": "fùffere",
            "4": "fùrfaru"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: frùffere, fùffere, fùrfaru",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: frùffere, fùffere, fùrfaru"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "fúrfur",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: fúrfur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: fúrfur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "furfur",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: furfur",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "furfuraceous",
            "der": "1",
            "nolb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ furfuraceous",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: furfur ⇒ furfuraceous"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "furfures",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: furfures",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: furfures"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰer-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to rub, grind"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur-"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κέγχρος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κέγχρος (kénkhros)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "κάχρυς"
      },
      "expansion": "κάχρυς (kákhrus)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "बुस",
        "3": "",
        "4": "chaff, refuse grain; rubbish"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, refuse grain; rubbish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰews-",
        "3": "*bʰus-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "reduplicated"
      },
      "expansion": "reduplicated",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Traditionally explained as from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”), however as De Vaan notes the vowel /u/ would be unexplained; a preform *gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur- would be expected instead, but no such root exists. Compare Ancient Greek κέγχρος (kénkhros) and κάχρυς (kákhrus), which also relate to grains.\nAlternatively, cognate with Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, refuse grain; rubbish”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-. In either of these cases, from a reduplicated root.\nGiven the word's unusual form in the absence of a solid Indo-European explanation, borrowing from some unknown, perhaps substrate, source is likely.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "furfuris",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfur",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfuris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfuribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfure",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfuribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfur",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "furfurēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "furfur<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "furfur m (genitive furfuris); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "furfur<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bran, husks of grain, chaff"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bran",
          "bran"
        ],
        [
          "husk",
          "husk"
        ],
        [
          "grain",
          "grain"
        ],
        [
          "chaff",
          "chaff"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "scaly infection of the skin"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scaly",
          "scaly"
        ],
        [
          "infection",
          "infection"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfur.fur/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfʊrfʊr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfur.fur/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈfurfur]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "furfur"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.