See furfur on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for furfur meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "furfur", "4": "", "5": "bran" }, "expansion": "Latin furfur (“bran”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "*fur" }, "expansion": "*fur", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gʰur-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰur-", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*gʰrus-" }, "expansion": "*gʰrus-", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "grust", "3": "grū́sti", "4": "to grind (barley)" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian grū́sti (“to grind (barley)”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "χρώς", "3": "", "4": "skin, husk" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs, “skin, husk”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Latin furfur (“bran”), reduplication of *fur, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰur-, metathesis of *gʰrus- (compare Lithuanian grū́sti (“to grind (barley)”), Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs, “skin, husk”)).", "forms": [ { "form": "furfures", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-", "2": "es" }, "expansion": "furfur (usually uncountable, plural furfures)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "52 48", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "a particle of dandruff" ], "id": "en-furfur-en-noun-uum9SUjZ", "links": [ [ "dandruff", "dandruff" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic, countable) a particle of dandruff" ], "tags": [ "archaic", "countable", "usually" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "52 48", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1964, Anthony Burgess, Nothing Like the Sun", "text": "‘Aye,’ said WS, still in bed, scratching his baldness, examining the furfur in his fingernails.", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "dandruff" ], "id": "en-furfur-en-noun-zrbLdvhz", "links": [ [ "dandruff", "dandruff" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic, uncountable) dandruff" ], "tags": [ "archaic", "uncountable", "usually" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "30 70", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "pǎrhot", "sense": "dandruff", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "пърхот" }, { "_dis1": "30 70", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pérxotʹ", "sense": "dandruff", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "пе́рхоть" }, { "_dis1": "30 70", "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lupá", "sense": "dandruff", "word": "лупа́" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈfɜːfə/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈfɝfɚ/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] } ], "word": "furfur" } { "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "furfurāceus" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "furfurāculum" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "furfurārius" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "furfureus" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "furfuriō" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "furfurōsus" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "it", "2": "forfora", "3": "forforo" }, "expansion": "Italian: forfora, forforo", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "Lucchese" }, "expansion": "(Lucchese)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Italian: forfora, forforo (Lucchese)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "fourfre" }, "expansion": "Old French: fourfre", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old French: fourfre" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pms", "2": "forfa", "3": "fòrfora" }, "expansion": "Piedmontese: forfa, fòrfora", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Piedmontese: forfa, fòrfora" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sc", "2": "frùffere", "3": "fùffere", "4": "fùrfaru" }, "expansion": "Sardinian: frùffere, fùffere, fùrfaru", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Sardinian: frùffere, fùffere, fùrfaru" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ca", "2": "fúrfur", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Catalan: fúrfur", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Catalan: fúrfur" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "furfur", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ English: furfur", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "furfuraceous", "der": "1", "nolb": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ furfuraceous", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ English: furfur ⇒ furfuraceous" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "furfures", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ French: furfures", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ French: furfures" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la" }, "expansion": "Unknown", "name": "unk" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gʰer-", "4": "", "5": "to rub, grind" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "", "3": "*gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur-" }, "expansion": "*gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur-", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "κέγχρος" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek κέγχρος (kénkhros)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "κάχρυς" }, "expansion": "κάχρυς (kákhrus)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "sa", "2": "बुस", "3": "", "4": "chaff, refuse grain; rubbish" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, refuse grain; rubbish”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*bʰews-", "3": "*bʰus-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-", "name": "m+" }, { "args": { "1": "reduplicated" }, "expansion": "reduplicated", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "qfa-sub" }, "expansion": "substrate", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "Unknown. Traditionally explained as from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”), however as De Vaan notes the vowel /u/ would be unexplained; a preform *gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur- would be expected instead, but no such root exists. Compare Ancient Greek κέγχρος (kénkhros) and κάχρυς (kákhrus), which also relate to grains.\nAlternatively, cognate with Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, refuse grain; rubbish”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-. In either of these cases, from a reduplicated root.\nGiven the word's unusual form in the absence of a solid Indo-European explanation, borrowing from some unknown, perhaps substrate, source is likely.", "forms": [ { "form": "furfuris", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "la-ndecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "furfur", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "furfurēs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "furfuris", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "furfurum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "furfurī", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "furfuribus", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "furfurem", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "furfurēs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "furfure", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "furfuribus", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "furfur", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "furfurēs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "furfur<3>", "g": "m" }, "expansion": "furfur m (genitive furfuris); third declension", "name": "la-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "furfur<3>" }, "name": "la-ndecl" } ], "lang": "Latin", "lang_code": "la", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "78 22", "kind": "other", "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "56 44", "kind": "other", "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "bran, husks of grain, chaff" ], "id": "en-furfur-la-noun-TCCJSa7~", "links": [ [ "bran", "bran" ], [ "husk", "husk" ], [ "grain", "grain" ], [ "chaff", "chaff" ] ], "tags": [ "declension-3", "masculine" ] }, { "glosses": [ "scaly infection of the skin" ], "id": "en-furfur-la-noun-1RVn3zjg", "links": [ [ "scaly", "scaly" ], [ "infection", "infection" ], [ "skin", "skin" ] ], "tags": [ "declension-3", "masculine" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈfur.fur/", "tags": [ "Classical" ] }, { "ipa": "[ˈfʊrfʊr]", "tags": [ "Classical" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈfur.fur/", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" }, { "ipa": "[ˈfurfur]", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" } ], "word": "furfur" }
{ "categories": [ "English 2-syllable words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms with IPA pronunciation", "English uncountable nouns" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "la", "3": "furfur", "4": "", "5": "bran" }, "expansion": "Latin furfur (“bran”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "*fur" }, "expansion": "*fur", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gʰur-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰur-", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*gʰrus-" }, "expansion": "*gʰrus-", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "grust", "3": "grū́sti", "4": "to grind (barley)" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian grū́sti (“to grind (barley)”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "χρώς", "3": "", "4": "skin, husk" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs, “skin, husk”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Latin furfur (“bran”), reduplication of *fur, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰur-, metathesis of *gʰrus- (compare Lithuanian grū́sti (“to grind (barley)”), Ancient Greek χρώς (khrṓs, “skin, husk”)).", "forms": [ { "form": "furfures", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-", "2": "es" }, "expansion": "furfur (usually uncountable, plural furfures)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English terms with archaic senses" ], "glosses": [ "a particle of dandruff" ], "links": [ [ "dandruff", "dandruff" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic, countable) a particle of dandruff" ], "tags": [ "archaic", "countable", "usually" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with archaic senses", "English terms with quotations", "English uncountable nouns" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1964, Anthony Burgess, Nothing Like the Sun", "text": "‘Aye,’ said WS, still in bed, scratching his baldness, examining the furfur in his fingernails.", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "dandruff" ], "links": [ [ "dandruff", "dandruff" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(archaic, uncountable) dandruff" ], "tags": [ "archaic", "uncountable", "usually" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈfɜːfə/", "tags": [ "Received-Pronunciation" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈfɝfɚ/", "tags": [ "General-American" ] } ], "translations": [ { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "pǎrhot", "sense": "dandruff", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "пърхот" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "pérxotʹ", "sense": "dandruff", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "пе́рхоть" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "lupá", "sense": "dandruff", "word": "лупа́" } ], "word": "furfur" } { "categories": [ "Latin 2-syllable words", "Latin entries with incorrect language header", "Latin lemmas", "Latin masculine nouns", "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension", "Latin nouns", "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Latin terms derived from substrate languages", "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation", "Latin terms with unknown etymologies", "Latin third declension nouns" ], "derived": [ { "word": "furfurāceus" }, { "word": "furfurāculum" }, { "word": "furfurārius" }, { "word": "furfureus" }, { "word": "furfuriō" }, { "word": "furfurōsus" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "it", "2": "forfora", "3": "forforo" }, "expansion": "Italian: forfora, forforo", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "Lucchese" }, "expansion": "(Lucchese)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Italian: forfora, forforo (Lucchese)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "fourfre" }, "expansion": "Old French: fourfre", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old French: fourfre" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pms", "2": "forfa", "3": "fòrfora" }, "expansion": "Piedmontese: forfa, fòrfora", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Piedmontese: forfa, fòrfora" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sc", "2": "frùffere", "3": "fùffere", "4": "fùrfaru" }, "expansion": "Sardinian: frùffere, fùffere, fùrfaru", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Sardinian: frùffere, fùffere, fùrfaru" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ca", "2": "fúrfur", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Catalan: fúrfur", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Catalan: fúrfur" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "furfur", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ English: furfur", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "furfuraceous", "der": "1", "nolb": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ furfuraceous", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ English: furfur ⇒ furfuraceous" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "furfures", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ French: furfures", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ French: furfures" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la" }, "expansion": "Unknown", "name": "unk" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gʰer-", "4": "", "5": "to rub, grind" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "", "3": "*gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur-" }, "expansion": "*gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur-", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "κέγχρος" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek κέγχρος (kénkhros)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "κάχρυς" }, "expansion": "κάχρυς (kákhrus)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "sa", "2": "बुस", "3": "", "4": "chaff, refuse grain; rubbish" }, "expansion": "Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, refuse grain; rubbish”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "*bʰews-", "3": "*bʰus-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-", "name": "m+" }, { "args": { "1": "reduplicated" }, "expansion": "reduplicated", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "qfa-sub" }, "expansion": "substrate", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "Unknown. Traditionally explained as from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”), however as De Vaan notes the vowel /u/ would be unexplained; a preform *gʰur- ~ *ǵʰur- would be expected instead, but no such root exists. Compare Ancient Greek κέγχρος (kénkhros) and κάχρυς (kákhrus), which also relate to grains.\nAlternatively, cognate with Sanskrit बुस (busa, “chaff, refuse grain; rubbish”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰus-. In either of these cases, from a reduplicated root.\nGiven the word's unusual form in the absence of a solid Indo-European explanation, borrowing from some unknown, perhaps substrate, source is likely.", "forms": [ { "form": "furfuris", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "la-ndecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "furfur", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "furfurēs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "furfuris", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "furfurum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "furfurī", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "furfuribus", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "furfurem", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "furfurēs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "furfure", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "furfuribus", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "furfur", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "furfurēs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "furfur<3>", "g": "m" }, "expansion": "furfur m (genitive furfuris); third declension", "name": "la-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "furfur<3>" }, "name": "la-ndecl" } ], "lang": "Latin", "lang_code": "la", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "bran, husks of grain, chaff" ], "links": [ [ "bran", "bran" ], [ "husk", "husk" ], [ "grain", "grain" ], [ "chaff", "chaff" ] ], "tags": [ "declension-3", "masculine" ] }, { "glosses": [ "scaly infection of the skin" ], "links": [ [ "scaly", "scaly" ], [ "infection", "infection" ], [ "skin", "skin" ] ], "tags": [ "declension-3", "masculine" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈfur.fur/", "tags": [ "Classical" ] }, { "ipa": "[ˈfʊrfʊr]", "tags": [ "Classical" ] }, { "ipa": "/ˈfur.fur/", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" }, { "ipa": "[ˈfurfur]", "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical" } ], "word": "furfur" }
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