See ferrule on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ferrule meaning in All languages combined (21.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ferruled"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1890",
"short": "yes"
},
"expansion": "c. 1890",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "From the collection of the Auckland War Memorial Museum in Auckland, New Zealand.",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "refn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "verel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English verel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "virel"
},
"expansion": "virel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "virole",
"3": "",
"4": "ferrule; metal pivot on the end of an axle"
},
"expansion": "virole (“ferrule; metal pivot on the end of an axle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferrum",
"4": "",
"5": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Latin ferrum (“iron”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "virole",
"4": "",
"5": "ferrule"
},
"expansion": "Old French virole (“ferrule”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "viriola",
"4": "",
"5": "little bracelet"
},
"expansion": "Latin viriola (“little bracelet”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "viria",
"3": "",
"4": "bracelet worn by men"
},
"expansion": "viria (“bracelet worn by men”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wēros",
"4": "",
"5": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wēros (“crooked”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "fiar",
"3": "",
"4": "bent, crooked"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish fiar (“bent, crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gŵyr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gŵyr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "gwar",
"3": "",
"4": "curved"
},
"expansion": "Breton gwar (“curved”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyh₁ros",
"4": "",
"5": "threaded, turned, twisted"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“threaded, turned, twisted”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*weyh₁-",
"3": "",
"4": "to turn, twist, weave"
},
"expansion": "*weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English verel, virel, virole (“ferrule; metal pivot on the end of an axle”), altered under the influence of Latin ferrum (“iron”), from Old French virole (“ferrule”), from Latin viriola (“little bracelet”), diminutive of viria (“bracelet worn by men”), from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *wēros (“crooked”) (compare Middle Irish fiar (“bent, crooked”), Welsh gŵyr, Breton gwar (“curved”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“threaded, turned, twisted”), from *weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferrules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ferrule (plural ferrules)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fer‧rule"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "viroled"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 16 17 17 18 17 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1904, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, “The Ayrsham Mystery”, in The Royal Magazine, volume XIII, London: C[yril] A[rthur] Pearson, →OCLC, chapter II, page 261; republished as The Case of Miss Elliott, Kelly Bray, Cornwall: House of Stratus, Stratus Books, 2008, page 164",
"text": "The cane was produced in court; it was as stout as an old-fashioned club, and of terrific weight. The man who wielded it must have been very powerful, for he had only dealt one blow, but that blow had cracked the old man's skull. The cane was undoubtedly of foreign make, for it had a solid silver ferrule at one end, which was not English hall-marked.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1986, William Gibson, Count Zero, New York, N.Y.: Arbor House",
"text": "Lucas withdrew the cane. Its polished ferrule flashed in the lantern glare.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band or cap (usually metal) placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting."
],
"id": "en-ferrule-en-noun-PkAXBi7o",
"links": [
[
"band",
"band#Noun"
],
[
"cap",
"cap#Noun"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"placed",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft#Noun"
],
[
"reinforce",
"reinforce"
],
[
"splitting",
"splitting#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Climbing",
"orig": "en:Climbing",
"parents": [
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 17 17 18 17 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 28 14 14 15 14 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 30 11 11 11 15 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978 August 28, Bill March et al., “Choosing an Ice Ax”, in William Kemsley, Jr., editor, Backpacker, volume 6, number 4, Bedford Hills, N.Y.: Backpacker, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 54, columns 2–3",
"text": "He [Larry Penberthy] feels metal ice axes are the only safe ones. […] If you do purchase a wood-shafted ax, examine the grain carefully. It should be straight, free of knots and flaws, and continue unbroken from head to ferrule. Rub it often with linseed oil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band or cap (usually metal) placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting.",
"The metal spike at the end of the shaft of an ice axe."
],
"id": "en-ferrule-en-noun-Ol7zBP2H",
"links": [
[
"band",
"band#Noun"
],
[
"cap",
"cap#Noun"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"placed",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft#Noun"
],
[
"reinforce",
"reinforce"
],
[
"splitting",
"splitting#Noun"
],
[
"climbing",
"climbing#Noun"
],
[
"spike",
"spike#Noun"
],
[
"ice axe",
"ice axe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A band or cap (usually metal) placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting.",
"(specifically, climbing) The metal spike at the end of the shaft of an ice axe."
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
],
"topics": [
"climbing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 16 17 17 18 17 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Howard C. Massey, “Installing Drainage and Vent Pipes”, in Illustrated Guide to the International Plumbing & Fuel Gas Codes, Carlsbad, Calif.: Craftsman Book Company, page 145, column 1",
"text": "Lead pipe is usually wiped to caulking ferrules so it can be joined to another type of material. Ferrules must be made of red brass.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"A bushing for securing a pipe joint."
],
"id": "en-ferrule-en-noun-QhjcEvjz",
"links": [
[
"parts",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
],
[
"bushing",
"bushing"
],
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 16 17 17 18 17 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1969 September, Richard Day, “How to Install Gutters and Downspots”, in Robert P. Crossley, editor, Popular Mechanics, volume 132, number 3, New York, N.Y.: The Hearst Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 169, column 2",
"text": "Another method of attaching gutters is the spike-and-ferrule system. Position the gutter, then temporarily nail it to the fascia with 6d common nails at several places. Place the ferrule inside the gutter at bead height, lined up with the end of a rafter. Drive the spike through the gutter bead, ferrule and fascia board into the rafter.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"A metal sleeve placed inside a gutter at the top."
],
"id": "en-ferrule-en-noun-CUUzBZT4",
"links": [
[
"parts",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
],
[
"sleeve",
"sleeve#Noun"
],
[
"gutter",
"gutter"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Billiards",
"orig": "en:Billiards",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 17 17 18 17 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984 August, Walter Tevis, chapter 6, in The Color of Money, New York, N.Y.: Warner Books; republished New York, N.Y.: Warner Books, October 1986, pages 150–151",
"text": "During a short break he clamped the tenon machine to the countertop; then he took a few cues that were in need of repair and began replacing their ferrules. […] By two-thirty, a dozen cues had new white ferrules and leather tips.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"The plastic band attaching the tip to the cue."
],
"id": "en-ferrule-en-noun-xj~oxLJY",
"links": [
[
"parts",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
],
[
"billiards",
"billiards"
],
[
"plastic",
"plastic"
],
[
"tip",
"tip#Noun"
],
[
"cue",
"cue#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"(billiards) The plastic band attaching the tip to the cue."
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"billiards",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 9 10 10 54 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(billiards) plastic band attaching the tip to the cue",
"word": "virole"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 9 10 10 54 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(billiards) plastic band attaching the tip to the cue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casquillo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Painting",
"orig": "en:Painting",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 17 17 18 17 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Susan Crabtree, Peter Beudert, “The Painting Tools of Scenic Artistry”, in Scenic Art for the Theatre, 3rd edition, Waltham, Mass., Kidlington, Oxfordshire: Focal Press, part 2 (The Tools of the Trade), page 132",
"text": "The ferrule is the part of the brush that connects the bristles to the handle. The type of ferrule often dictates the name of the brush, such as a 3-inch flat-ferrule or an oval-ferrule sash. […] The ferrule is attached to the handle with small nails (brads) or by crimping the ferrule around the handle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"The pinched metal band which holds the bristles of a paintbrush or the eraser of a pencil to the shaft."
],
"id": "en-ferrule-en-noun-Oq~E6bbw",
"links": [
[
"parts",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
],
[
"painting",
"painting#Noun"
],
[
"pinched",
"pinched#Adjective"
],
[
"bristles",
"bristle#Noun"
],
[
"paintbrush",
"paintbrush"
],
[
"eraser",
"eraser"
],
[
"pencil",
"pencil"
]
],
"qualifier": "painting",
"raw_glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"(painting) The pinched metal band which holds the bristles of a paintbrush or the eraser of a pencil to the shaft."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛɹ(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ɹuːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛɹəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛɹəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ferrule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us-ferrule.ogg/En-us-ferrule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us-ferrule.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "puristusholkki"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zwinge"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "gyűrű"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "fémgyűrű"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "fémkarika"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "fémpánt"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bianna"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiú"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "snong"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghiera"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "naʼl",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "نعل"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "okucie"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "metallíčeskij obodók",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "металли́ческий ободо́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obruč"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obrúčka"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "objímka"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casquillo"
},
{
"_dis1": "39 39 4 4 5 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "virola"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Auckland War Memorial Museum"
],
"word": "ferrule"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1890",
"short": "yes"
},
"expansion": "c. 1890",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "From the collection of the Auckland War Memorial Museum in Auckland, New Zealand.",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "refn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "verel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English verel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "virel"
},
"expansion": "virel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "virole",
"3": "",
"4": "ferrule; metal pivot on the end of an axle"
},
"expansion": "virole (“ferrule; metal pivot on the end of an axle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferrum",
"4": "",
"5": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Latin ferrum (“iron”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "virole",
"4": "",
"5": "ferrule"
},
"expansion": "Old French virole (“ferrule”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "viriola",
"4": "",
"5": "little bracelet"
},
"expansion": "Latin viriola (“little bracelet”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "viria",
"3": "",
"4": "bracelet worn by men"
},
"expansion": "viria (“bracelet worn by men”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wēros",
"4": "",
"5": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wēros (“crooked”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "fiar",
"3": "",
"4": "bent, crooked"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish fiar (“bent, crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gŵyr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gŵyr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "gwar",
"3": "",
"4": "curved"
},
"expansion": "Breton gwar (“curved”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyh₁ros",
"4": "",
"5": "threaded, turned, twisted"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“threaded, turned, twisted”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*weyh₁-",
"3": "",
"4": "to turn, twist, weave"
},
"expansion": "*weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English verel, virel, virole (“ferrule; metal pivot on the end of an axle”), altered under the influence of Latin ferrum (“iron”), from Old French virole (“ferrule”), from Latin viriola (“little bracelet”), diminutive of viria (“bracelet worn by men”), from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *wēros (“crooked”) (compare Middle Irish fiar (“bent, crooked”), Welsh gŵyr, Breton gwar (“curved”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“threaded, turned, twisted”), from *weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferrules",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ferruling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ferruled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ferruled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ferrule (third-person singular simple present ferrules, present participle ferruling, simple past and past participle ferruled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fer‧rule"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1866, Ann S[ophia] Stephens, “The Sailor and His Two Companions”, in The Gold Brick, Philadelphia, Pa.: T. B. Peterson and Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 203",
"text": "\"District school, I mean,\" said Dave, with a flourish of the hand. \"Where the master or mistress boards about, and ferrules the children with a pine ruler, if they don't toe a crack every spelling time.\"]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1892 November, “Ships”, in Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers, volume IV, number 4, Washington, D.C.: R. Beresford, printer, →OCLC, page 837",
"text": "The return of the Thunderer from her protracted steam trial to Madeira has removed all doubt with regard to the efficacy of the new patent ferrule, as applied to boiler tubes. […] In fact, the highly successful results of the trial will, no doubt, lead to the universal practice of ferruling the boiler tubes in all our war vessels fitted with forced draft.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1902, The English Mechanic and World of Science, volume 74, London: E. J. Kibblewhite, →OCLC, page 42",
"text": "I employed a practical boiler smith, who expanded and ferruled the tubes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Jerry Aaron, “The Fork in the Road”, in Diesel Smoke over Asphalt Ribbons: Dreams in the Rearview Mirror, Sparks, Nev.: Jerry Aaron, page 130, column 1",
"text": "Once inside the shop he took the line and cut the bad end off and with that done, he attempted to ferrule the cut end.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To equip with a ferrule."
],
"id": "en-ferrule-en-verb-4-xJarda",
"links": [
[
"equip",
"equip"
],
[
"ferrule",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To equip with a ferrule."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛɹ(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ɹuːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛɹəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛɹəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ferrule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us-ferrule.ogg/En-us-ferrule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us-ferrule.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Auckland War Memorial Museum"
],
"word": "ferrule"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
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"English nouns",
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"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛɹəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛɹəl/2 syllables",
"en:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ferruled"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "1890",
"short": "yes"
},
"expansion": "c. 1890",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "From the collection of the Auckland War Memorial Museum in Auckland, New Zealand.",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "refn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "verel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English verel",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "virel"
},
"expansion": "virel",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "virole",
"3": "",
"4": "ferrule; metal pivot on the end of an axle"
},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferrum",
"4": "",
"5": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Latin ferrum (“iron”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "virole",
"4": "",
"5": "ferrule"
},
"expansion": "Old French virole (“ferrule”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "viriola",
"4": "",
"5": "little bracelet"
},
"expansion": "Latin viriola (“little bracelet”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "bracelet worn by men"
},
"expansion": "viria (“bracelet worn by men”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wēros",
"4": "",
"5": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wēros (“crooked”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "fiar",
"3": "",
"4": "bent, crooked"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish fiar (“bent, crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gŵyr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gŵyr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "gwar",
"3": "",
"4": "curved"
},
"expansion": "Breton gwar (“curved”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyh₁ros",
"4": "",
"5": "threaded, turned, twisted"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“threaded, turned, twisted”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*weyh₁-",
"3": "",
"4": "to turn, twist, weave"
},
"expansion": "*weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English verel, virel, virole (“ferrule; metal pivot on the end of an axle”), altered under the influence of Latin ferrum (“iron”), from Old French virole (“ferrule”), from Latin viriola (“little bracelet”), diminutive of viria (“bracelet worn by men”), from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *wēros (“crooked”) (compare Middle Irish fiar (“bent, crooked”), Welsh gŵyr, Breton gwar (“curved”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“threaded, turned, twisted”), from *weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferrules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ferrule (plural ferrules)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"fer‧rule"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "viroled"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1904, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, “The Ayrsham Mystery”, in The Royal Magazine, volume XIII, London: C[yril] A[rthur] Pearson, →OCLC, chapter II, page 261; republished as The Case of Miss Elliott, Kelly Bray, Cornwall: House of Stratus, Stratus Books, 2008, page 164",
"text": "The cane was produced in court; it was as stout as an old-fashioned club, and of terrific weight. The man who wielded it must have been very powerful, for he had only dealt one blow, but that blow had cracked the old man's skull. The cane was undoubtedly of foreign make, for it had a solid silver ferrule at one end, which was not English hall-marked.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1986, William Gibson, Count Zero, New York, N.Y.: Arbor House",
"text": "Lucas withdrew the cane. Its polished ferrule flashed in the lantern glare.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band or cap (usually metal) placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting."
],
"links": [
[
"band",
"band#Noun"
],
[
"cap",
"cap#Noun"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"placed",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft#Noun"
],
[
"reinforce",
"reinforce"
],
[
"splitting",
"splitting#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Climbing"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978 August 28, Bill March et al., “Choosing an Ice Ax”, in William Kemsley, Jr., editor, Backpacker, volume 6, number 4, Bedford Hills, N.Y.: Backpacker, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 54, columns 2–3",
"text": "He [Larry Penberthy] feels metal ice axes are the only safe ones. […] If you do purchase a wood-shafted ax, examine the grain carefully. It should be straight, free of knots and flaws, and continue unbroken from head to ferrule. Rub it often with linseed oil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band or cap (usually metal) placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting.",
"The metal spike at the end of the shaft of an ice axe."
],
"links": [
[
"band",
"band#Noun"
],
[
"cap",
"cap#Noun"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"placed",
"place#Verb"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft#Noun"
],
[
"reinforce",
"reinforce"
],
[
"splitting",
"splitting#Noun"
],
[
"climbing",
"climbing#Noun"
],
[
"spike",
"spike#Noun"
],
[
"ice axe",
"ice axe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A band or cap (usually metal) placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting.",
"(specifically, climbing) The metal spike at the end of the shaft of an ice axe."
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
],
"topics": [
"climbing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2003, Howard C. Massey, “Installing Drainage and Vent Pipes”, in Illustrated Guide to the International Plumbing & Fuel Gas Codes, Carlsbad, Calif.: Craftsman Book Company, page 145, column 1",
"text": "Lead pipe is usually wiped to caulking ferrules so it can be joined to another type of material. Ferrules must be made of red brass.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"A bushing for securing a pipe joint."
],
"links": [
[
"parts",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
],
[
"bushing",
"bushing"
],
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1969 September, Richard Day, “How to Install Gutters and Downspots”, in Robert P. Crossley, editor, Popular Mechanics, volume 132, number 3, New York, N.Y.: The Hearst Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 169, column 2",
"text": "Another method of attaching gutters is the spike-and-ferrule system. Position the gutter, then temporarily nail it to the fascia with 6d common nails at several places. Place the ferrule inside the gutter at bead height, lined up with the end of a rafter. Drive the spike through the gutter bead, ferrule and fascia board into the rafter.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"A metal sleeve placed inside a gutter at the top."
],
"links": [
[
"parts",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
],
[
"sleeve",
"sleeve#Noun"
],
[
"gutter",
"gutter"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Billiards"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1984 August, Walter Tevis, chapter 6, in The Color of Money, New York, N.Y.: Warner Books; republished New York, N.Y.: Warner Books, October 1986, pages 150–151",
"text": "During a short break he clamped the tenon machine to the countertop; then he took a few cues that were in need of repair and began replacing their ferrules. […] By two-thirty, a dozen cues had new white ferrules and leather tips.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"The plastic band attaching the tip to the cue."
],
"links": [
[
"parts",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"object",
"object#Noun"
],
[
"billiards",
"billiards"
],
[
"plastic",
"plastic"
],
[
"tip",
"tip#Noun"
],
[
"cue",
"cue#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"(billiards) The plastic band attaching the tip to the cue."
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"billiards",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Painting"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Susan Crabtree, Peter Beudert, “The Painting Tools of Scenic Artistry”, in Scenic Art for the Theatre, 3rd edition, Waltham, Mass., Kidlington, Oxfordshire: Focal Press, part 2 (The Tools of the Trade), page 132",
"text": "The ferrule is the part of the brush that connects the bristles to the handle. The type of ferrule often dictates the name of the brush, such as a 3-inch flat-ferrule or an oval-ferrule sash. […] The ferrule is attached to the handle with small nails (brads) or by crimping the ferrule around the handle.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"The pinched metal band which holds the bristles of a paintbrush or the eraser of a pencil to the shaft."
],
"links": [
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"part#Noun"
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"pinched#Adjective"
],
[
"bristles",
"bristle#Noun"
],
[
"paintbrush",
"paintbrush"
],
[
"eraser",
"eraser"
],
[
"pencil",
"pencil"
]
],
"qualifier": "painting",
"raw_glosses": [
"A band holding parts of an object together.",
"(painting) The pinched metal band which holds the bristles of a paintbrush or the eraser of a pencil to the shaft."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛɹ(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ɹuːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛɹəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛɹəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ferrule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us-ferrule.ogg/En-us-ferrule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us-ferrule.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "puristusholkki"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zwinge"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "gyűrű"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "fémgyűrű"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "fémkarika"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "fémpánt"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bianna"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiú"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "snong"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghiera"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "naʼl",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "نعل"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "okucie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "metallíčeskij obodók",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"word": "металли́ческий ободо́к"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obruč"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obrúčka"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "objímka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casquillo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "band or cap placed around a shaft to reinforce it or to prevent splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "virola"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(billiards) plastic band attaching the tip to the cue",
"word": "virole"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(billiards) plastic band attaching the tip to the cue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casquillo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Auckland War Memorial Museum"
],
"word": "ferrule"
}
{
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"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛɹəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛɹəl/2 syllables",
"en:Tools"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1890",
"short": "yes"
},
"expansion": "c. 1890",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
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"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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{
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"1": "enm",
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},
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"name": "m"
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{
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"2": "virole",
"3": "",
"4": "ferrule; metal pivot on the end of an axle"
},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "ferrum",
"4": "",
"5": "iron"
},
"expansion": "Latin ferrum (“iron”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "virole",
"4": "",
"5": "ferrule"
},
"expansion": "Old French virole (“ferrule”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "viriola",
"4": "",
"5": "little bracelet"
},
"expansion": "Latin viriola (“little bracelet”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "diminutive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "viria",
"3": "",
"4": "bracelet worn by men"
},
"expansion": "viria (“bracelet worn by men”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wēros",
"4": "",
"5": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wēros (“crooked”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "fiar",
"3": "",
"4": "bent, crooked"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish fiar (“bent, crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gŵyr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gŵyr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "gwar",
"3": "",
"4": "curved"
},
"expansion": "Breton gwar (“curved”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyh₁ros",
"4": "",
"5": "threaded, turned, twisted"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“threaded, turned, twisted”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*weyh₁-",
"3": "",
"4": "to turn, twist, weave"
},
"expansion": "*weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English verel, virel, virole (“ferrule; metal pivot on the end of an axle”), altered under the influence of Latin ferrum (“iron”), from Old French virole (“ferrule”), from Latin viriola (“little bracelet”), diminutive of viria (“bracelet worn by men”), from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *wēros (“crooked”) (compare Middle Irish fiar (“bent, crooked”), Welsh gŵyr, Breton gwar (“curved”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁ros (“threaded, turned, twisted”), from *weyh₁- (“to turn, twist, weave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ferrules",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ferruling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ferruled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ferruled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ferrule (third-person singular simple present ferrules, present participle ferruling, simple past and past participle ferruled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fer‧rule"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1866, Ann S[ophia] Stephens, “The Sailor and His Two Companions”, in The Gold Brick, Philadelphia, Pa.: T. B. Peterson and Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 203",
"text": "\"District school, I mean,\" said Dave, with a flourish of the hand. \"Where the master or mistress boards about, and ferrules the children with a pine ruler, if they don't toe a crack every spelling time.\"]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1892 November, “Ships”, in Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers, volume IV, number 4, Washington, D.C.: R. Beresford, printer, →OCLC, page 837",
"text": "The return of the Thunderer from her protracted steam trial to Madeira has removed all doubt with regard to the efficacy of the new patent ferrule, as applied to boiler tubes. […] In fact, the highly successful results of the trial will, no doubt, lead to the universal practice of ferruling the boiler tubes in all our war vessels fitted with forced draft.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1902, The English Mechanic and World of Science, volume 74, London: E. J. Kibblewhite, →OCLC, page 42",
"text": "I employed a practical boiler smith, who expanded and ferruled the tubes.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Jerry Aaron, “The Fork in the Road”, in Diesel Smoke over Asphalt Ribbons: Dreams in the Rearview Mirror, Sparks, Nev.: Jerry Aaron, page 130, column 1",
"text": "Once inside the shop he took the line and cut the bad end off and with that done, he attempted to ferrule the cut end.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To equip with a ferrule."
],
"links": [
[
"equip",
"equip"
],
[
"ferrule",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To equip with a ferrule."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛɹ(ə)l/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ɹuːl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɛɹəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛɹəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ferrule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/En-us-ferrule.ogg/En-us-ferrule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/En-us-ferrule.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Auckland War Memorial Museum"
],
"word": "ferrule"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.