See esh on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shibilant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tesh"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "eshes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "esh (plural eshes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 34 31 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Latin letter names",
"orig": "en:Latin letter names",
"parents": [
"Letter names",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Names",
"Orthography",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Writing",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Lemmas",
"Human",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonemes",
"orig": "en:Phonemes",
"parents": [
"Phonology",
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The IPA symbol ʃ."
],
"id": "en-esh-en-noun-vtg1Qy5Y",
"links": [
[
"IPA",
"IPA"
],
[
"symbol",
"symbol"
],
[
"ʃ",
"ʃ"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 34 31 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonemes",
"orig": "en:Phonemes",
"parents": [
"Phonology",
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The letter Ʃ/ʃ, used by some African languages."
],
"id": "en-esh-en-noun-sEXUDoqh",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"Ʃ",
"Ʃ"
],
[
"ʃ",
"ʃ"
],
[
"African",
"African"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛʃ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Esh (letter)"
],
"word": "esh"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "еж"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian еж (ež)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "је̑ж",
"tr": "jȇž"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian је̑ж (jȇž)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*etska"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *etska",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁eǵʰis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐχῖνος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "еж"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian еж (ež)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Igel"
},
"expansion": "German Igel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ežỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ežỹs",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From South Slavic; cf. Macedonian еж (ež), Serbo-Croatian је̑ж (jȇž).\nAlternatively, variant eshk would be more conservative, from Proto-Albanian *etska, with devoicing from *edz-k-a, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰis; cognate with Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos), Macedonian еж (ež), German Igel, Lithuanian ežỹs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "eshë",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshi",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "eshët",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sq-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "esh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshët",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "esh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshët",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshëve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshëve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshësh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshëve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "masculine nouns",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "esh m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "eshë",
"3": "eshi",
"4": "eshët"
},
"expansion": "esh m (plural eshë, definite eshi, definite plural eshët)",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "esh",
"10": "eshëve",
"11": "eshit",
"12": "eshëve",
"13": "eshësh",
"2": "eshë",
"3": "eshi",
"4": "eshët",
"5": "esh",
"6": "eshë",
"7": "eshin",
"8": "eshët",
"9": "eshi"
},
"name": "sq-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Albanian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "sq",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "sq:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hedgehog"
],
"id": "en-esh-sq-noun-BkpDgytP",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"hedgehog",
"hedgehog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) hedgehog"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Albanian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 34 31 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 49 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "sq",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "sq:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"look-alike, doppelgänger"
],
"id": "en-esh-sq-noun-qBP-xN5x",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"look-alike",
"look-alike"
],
[
"doppelgänger",
"doppelgänger"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, figurative) look-alike, doppelgänger"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "iriq"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "uriq"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "es"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "eshk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "esh"
}
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian masculine nouns",
"Albanian nouns",
"Albanian terms derived from Proto-Albanian",
"Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Albanian",
"Albanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"sq:Mammals"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "еж"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian еж (ež)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "је̑ж",
"tr": "jȇž"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian је̑ж (jȇž)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sqj-pro",
"3": "*etska"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *etska",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁eǵʰis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐχῖνος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "еж"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian еж (ež)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Igel"
},
"expansion": "German Igel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ežỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ežỹs",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From South Slavic; cf. Macedonian еж (ež), Serbo-Croatian је̑ж (jȇž).\nAlternatively, variant eshk would be more conservative, from Proto-Albanian *etska, with devoicing from *edz-k-a, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰis; cognate with Ancient Greek ἐχῖνος (ekhînos), Macedonian еж (ež), German Igel, Lithuanian ežỹs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "eshë",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshi",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "eshët",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sq-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "esh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshët",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "esh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshë",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshët",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshëve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshëve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eshësh",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eshëve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "masculine nouns",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "esh m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "eshë",
"3": "eshi",
"4": "eshët"
},
"expansion": "esh m (plural eshë, definite eshi, definite plural eshët)",
"name": "sq-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "esh",
"10": "eshëve",
"11": "eshit",
"12": "eshëve",
"13": "eshësh",
"2": "eshë",
"3": "eshi",
"4": "eshët",
"5": "esh",
"6": "eshë",
"7": "eshin",
"8": "eshët",
"9": "eshi"
},
"name": "sq-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Regional Albanian"
],
"glosses": [
"hedgehog"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"hedgehog",
"hedgehog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) hedgehog"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Albanian"
],
"glosses": [
"look-alike, doppelgänger"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"look-alike",
"look-alike"
],
[
"doppelgänger",
"doppelgänger"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, figurative) look-alike, doppelgänger"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "iriq"
},
{
"word": "uriq"
},
{
"word": "es"
},
{
"word": "eshk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "esh"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɛʃ/1 syllable",
"en:Latin letter names",
"en:Phonemes",
"sq:Mammals"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "shibilant"
},
{
"word": "tesh"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "eshes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "esh (plural eshes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The IPA symbol ʃ."
],
"links": [
[
"IPA",
"IPA"
],
[
"symbol",
"symbol"
],
[
"ʃ",
"ʃ"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The letter Ʃ/ʃ, used by some African languages."
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"Ʃ",
"Ʃ"
],
[
"ʃ",
"ʃ"
],
[
"African",
"African"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛʃ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Esh (letter)"
],
"word": "esh"
}
Download raw JSONL data for esh meaning in All languages combined (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.