See durus on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for durus meaning in All languages combined (12.6kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "durus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "durar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conditional of durar"
],
"id": "en-durus-io-verb-NjM3MoEk",
"links": [
[
"durar",
"durar#Ido"
]
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "durus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūracinus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūricordia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūricorius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūritia"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*dʉr",
"bor": "1",
"t": "hard; hard metal, steel"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *dʉr (“hard; hard metal, steel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *dʉr (“hard; hard metal, steel”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: dur"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "doir"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: doir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: doir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dure",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dure"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "French: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "dûr"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: dûr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: dûr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Galician: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "doûro"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: doûro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: doûro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Italian: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "dûo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: dûo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: dûo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "dür"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: dür",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: dür"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "dúr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Irish: dúr\nIrish: dúr\nScottish Gaelic: dùr\n→ Scots: dour\n→ English: dour",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Irish: dúr\nIrish: dúr\nScottish Gaelic: dùr\n→ Scots: dour\n→ English: dour"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dû"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dû",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dû"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "dir"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: dir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: dir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "duru"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: duru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: duru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "duru"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: duru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: duru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "duro",
"3": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: duro, dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: duro, dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "deur"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: deur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: deur"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*dūros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*duh₂-ró-s",
"5": "long"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"t": "far, long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“far, long”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δηρός",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दूर",
"t": "distant, far, long",
"tr": "dūrá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūrō"
},
"expansion": "dūrō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*deru-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deru-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*drew-",
"t": "hard, fast"
},
"expansion": "*drew- (“hard, fast”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drutas",
"3": "drū́tas",
"4": "firm, strong"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian drū́tas (“firm, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "trum",
"t": "strong, firm"
},
"expansion": "Old English trum (“strong, firm”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”), though there are semantic problems if the change “long” > “enduring” (see dūrō) is not accepted.\nAlternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”). Cognate with Lithuanian drū́tas (“firm, strong”), Old English trum (“strong, firm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dūrus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "dūriter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dūrus",
"adv": "dūrē",
"adv2": "dūriter",
"comp": "dūrior",
"sup": "dūrissimus"
},
"expansion": "dūrus (feminine dūra, neuter dūrum, comparative dūrior, superlative dūrissimus, adverb dūrē or dūriter); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dūrus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrābilis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrābilitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrābiliter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrāmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrāmentum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrātrīx"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrēscō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūritās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūriter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "nor was it an offense to have rough hands [as a result of doing hard manual labor]",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.782",
"text": "nec crīmen dūrās esset habēre manūs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, rough (of a touch)"
],
"id": "en-durus-la-adj--RusbMXw",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "firmus"
},
{
"word": "rōbustus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 86 4 7 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "la:Taste",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Senses",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Perception",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh (of a taste)"
],
"id": "en-durus-la-adj-RPjynMYV",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hardy, vigorous"
],
"id": "en-durus-la-adj-MnDmu~d5",
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"vigorous",
"vigorous"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 24 12 62 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 31 10 57 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unyielding, unfeeling, stern"
],
"id": "en-durus-la-adj-y9qbiYo9",
"links": [
[
"unyielding",
"unyielding"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The law is harsh but it is the law.",
"text": "Dura lex, sed lex.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oppressive, severe"
],
"id": "en-durus-la-adj-JiGSumZU",
"links": [
[
"oppressive",
"oppressive"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduː.rus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uːrʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdu.rus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uːrus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "durus"
}
{
"categories": [
"la:Taste"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "durus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"Ido non-lemma forms",
"Ido verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "durar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conditional of durar"
],
"links": [
[
"durar",
"durar#Ido"
]
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "durus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Taste"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dūracinus"
},
{
"word": "dūricordia"
},
{
"word": "dūricorius"
},
{
"word": "dūritia"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*dʉr",
"bor": "1",
"t": "hard; hard metal, steel"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *dʉr (“hard; hard metal, steel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *dʉr (“hard; hard metal, steel”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: dur"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "doir"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: doir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: doir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dure",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dure"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "French: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "dûr"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: dûr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: dûr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Galician: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "doûro"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: doûro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: doûro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Italian: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "dûo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: dûo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: dûo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "dür"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: dür",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: dür"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "dúr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Irish: dúr\nIrish: dúr\nScottish Gaelic: dùr\n→ Scots: dour\n→ English: dour",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Irish: dúr\nIrish: dúr\nScottish Gaelic: dùr\n→ Scots: dour\n→ English: dour"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dû"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dû",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dû"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "dir"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: dir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: dir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "duru"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: duru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: duru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "duru"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: duru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: duru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "duro",
"3": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: duro, dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: duro, dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "deur"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: deur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: deur"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*dūros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*duh₂-ró-s",
"5": "long"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dweh₂-",
"t": "far, long"
},
"expansion": "*dweh₂- (“far, long”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δηρός",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दूर",
"t": "distant, far, long",
"tr": "dūrá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūrō"
},
"expansion": "dūrō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*deru-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deru-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*drew-",
"t": "hard, fast"
},
"expansion": "*drew- (“hard, fast”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drutas",
"3": "drū́tas",
"4": "firm, strong"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian drū́tas (“firm, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "trum",
"t": "strong, firm"
},
"expansion": "Old English trum (“strong, firm”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”), though there are semantic problems if the change “long” > “enduring” (see dūrō) is not accepted.\nAlternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”). Cognate with Lithuanian drū́tas (“firm, strong”), Old English trum (“strong, firm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dūrus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "dūriter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dūrus",
"adv": "dūrē",
"adv2": "dūriter",
"comp": "dūrior",
"sup": "dūrissimus"
},
"expansion": "dūrus (feminine dūra, neuter dūrum, comparative dūrior, superlative dūrissimus, adverb dūrē or dūriter); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dūrus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "dūrābilis"
},
{
"word": "dūrābilitās"
},
{
"word": "dūrābiliter"
},
{
"word": "dūrāmen"
},
{
"word": "dūrāmentum"
},
{
"word": "dūrātor"
},
{
"word": "dūrātrīx"
},
{
"word": "dūrē"
},
{
"word": "dūrēscō"
},
{
"word": "dūritās"
},
{
"word": "dūriter"
},
{
"word": "dūrō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "nor was it an offense to have rough hands [as a result of doing hard manual labor]",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.782",
"text": "nec crīmen dūrās esset habēre manūs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, rough (of a touch)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "firmus"
},
{
"word": "rōbustus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh (of a taste)"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hardy, vigorous"
],
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"vigorous",
"vigorous"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"unyielding, unfeeling, stern"
],
"links": [
[
"unyielding",
"unyielding"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The law is harsh but it is the law.",
"text": "Dura lex, sed lex.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oppressive, severe"
],
"links": [
[
"oppressive",
"oppressive"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduː.rus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uːrʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdu.rus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uːrus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "durus"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: durus/Latin 'Number' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"durus"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "durus",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.