See durus on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "durus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 30 10 4 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 23 6 1 15 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 31 4 1 19 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "durar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conditional of durar"
],
"id": "en-durus-io-verb-NjM3MoEk",
"links": [
[
"durar",
"durar#Ido"
]
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "durus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūracinus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūricordia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūricorius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūritia"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*dʉr",
"bor": "1",
"t": "hard; hard metal, steel"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *dʉr (“hard; hard metal, steel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *dʉr (“hard; hard metal, steel”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: dur"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "doir"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: doir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: doir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dure",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dure"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "French: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "dûr"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: dûr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: dûr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Galician: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "doûro"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: doûro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: doûro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Italian: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "dûo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: dûo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: dûo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "dür"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: dür",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: dür"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "dúr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Irish: dúr\nIrish: dúr\nScottish Gaelic: dùr\n→ Scots: dour\n→ English: dour",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Irish: dúr\nIrish: dúr\nScottish Gaelic: dùr\n→ Scots: dour\n→ English: dour"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dû"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dû",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dû"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "dir"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: dir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: dir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "duru"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: duru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: duru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "duru"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: duru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: duru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "duro",
"3": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: duro, dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: duro, dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "deur"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: deur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: deur"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*dūros>hard",
"id": "hard"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*dūros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*duh₂-ró-s",
"5": "long"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δηρός",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दूर",
"t": "distant, far, long",
"tr": "dūrá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*deru-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deru-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drutas",
"3": "drū́tas",
"4": "firm, strong"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian drū́tas (“firm, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "trum",
"t": "strong, firm"
},
"expansion": "Old English trum (“strong, firm”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”), though there are semantic problems if the change “long” > “enduring” (see dūrō) is not accepted.\nAlternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”). Cognate with Lithuanian drū́tas (“firm, strong”), Old English trum (“strong, firm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dūrus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "dūriter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dūrus",
"adv": "dūrē",
"adv2": "dūriter",
"comp": "dūrior",
"sup": "dūrissimus"
},
"expansion": "dūrus (feminine dūra, neuter dūrum, comparative dūrior, superlative dūrissimus, adverb dūrē or dūriter); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dūrus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrābilis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrābilitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrābiliter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrāmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrāmentum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrātrīx"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrē"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrēscō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūritās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūriter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūrō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 30 10 4 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 14 7 31 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "nor was it an offense to have rough hands [as a result of doing hard manual labor]",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.782",
"text": "nec crīmen dūrās esset habēre manūs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, rough (of a touch)"
],
"id": "en-durus-la-adj--RusbMXw",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "firmus"
},
{
"word": "rōbustus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 30 10 4 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 82 4 7 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "la:Taste",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Senses",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Perception",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harsh (of a taste)"
],
"id": "en-durus-la-adj-RPjynMYV",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hardy, vigorous"
],
"id": "en-durus-la-adj-MnDmu~d5",
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"vigorous",
"vigorous"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 30 10 4 23 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[Dido:] “[So] why does [Aeneas] refuse to admit my words to his hardened ears?”\n(In other words, why won't he listen to her.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.428",
"text": "… cūr mea dicta neget dūrās dēmittere in aurīs?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, harsh, unyielding, unfeeling, stern, cruel, inexorable, insensible"
],
"id": "en-durus-la-adj-CuYJBNa1",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unyielding",
"unyielding"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"inexorable",
"inexorable"
],
[
"insensible",
"insensible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) hard, harsh, unyielding, unfeeling, stern, cruel, inexorable, insensible"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The law is harsh but it is the law.",
"text": "Dura lex, sed lex.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oppressive, severe"
],
"id": "en-durus-la-adj-JiGSumZU",
"links": [
[
"oppressive",
"oppressive"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduː.rus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uːrʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdu.rus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uːrus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "durus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Taste"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "durus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"Ido non-lemma forms",
"Ido verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "durar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"conditional of durar"
],
"links": [
[
"durar",
"durar#Ido"
]
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "durus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Taste"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dūracinus"
},
{
"word": "dūricordia"
},
{
"word": "dūricorius"
},
{
"word": "dūritia"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*dʉr",
"bor": "1",
"t": "hard; hard metal, steel"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *dʉr (“hard; hard metal, steel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *dʉr (“hard; hard metal, steel”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: dur"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "doir"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: doir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: doir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dure",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: dure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: dure"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "French: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "dûr"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: dûr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: dûr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Galician: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "doûro"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: doûro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: doûro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Italian: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "dûo"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: dûo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: dûo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "dür"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: dür",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: dür"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "dúr",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Irish: dúr\nIrish: dúr\nScottish Gaelic: dùr\n→ Scots: dour\n→ English: dour",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Irish: dúr\nIrish: dúr\nScottish Gaelic: dùr\n→ Scots: dour\n→ English: dour"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dû"
},
"expansion": "Norman: dû",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: dû"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "dir"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: dir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: dir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "duru"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: duru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: duru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "duru"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: duru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: duru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "duro"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: duro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: duro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "duro",
"3": "dur"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: duro, dur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: duro, dur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "deur"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: deur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: deur"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*dūros>hard",
"id": "hard"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*dūros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dūros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*duh₂-ró-s",
"5": "long"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δηρός",
"t": "long"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दूर",
"t": "distant, far, long",
"tr": "dūrá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*deru-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *deru-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drutas",
"3": "drū́tas",
"4": "firm, strong"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian drū́tas (“firm, strong”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "trum",
"t": "strong, firm"
},
"expansion": "Old English trum (“strong, firm”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”), though there are semantic problems if the change “long” > “enduring” (see dūrō) is not accepted.\nAlternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”). Cognate with Lithuanian drū́tas (“firm, strong”), Old English trum (“strong, firm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dūrus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "dūriter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dūre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dūra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dūrus",
"adv": "dūrē",
"adv2": "dūriter",
"comp": "dūrior",
"sup": "dūrissimus"
},
"expansion": "dūrus (feminine dūra, neuter dūrum, comparative dūrior, superlative dūrissimus, adverb dūrē or dūriter); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dūrus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "dūrābilis"
},
{
"word": "dūrābilitās"
},
{
"word": "dūrābiliter"
},
{
"word": "dūrāmen"
},
{
"word": "dūrāmentum"
},
{
"word": "dūrātor"
},
{
"word": "dūrātrīx"
},
{
"word": "dūrē"
},
{
"word": "dūrēscō"
},
{
"word": "dūritās"
},
{
"word": "dūriter"
},
{
"word": "dūrō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "nor was it an offense to have rough hands [as a result of doing hard manual labor]",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.782",
"text": "nec crīmen dūrās esset habēre manūs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, rough (of a touch)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "firmus"
},
{
"word": "rōbustus"
}
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"harsh (of a taste)"
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hardy, vigorous"
],
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"vigorous",
"vigorous"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[Dido:] “[So] why does [Aeneas] refuse to admit my words to his hardened ears?”\n(In other words, why won't he listen to her.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.428",
"text": "… cūr mea dicta neget dūrās dēmittere in aurīs?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, harsh, unyielding, unfeeling, stern, cruel, inexorable, insensible"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"unyielding",
"unyielding"
],
[
"unfeeling",
"unfeeling"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"inexorable",
"inexorable"
],
[
"insensible",
"insensible"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) hard, harsh, unyielding, unfeeling, stern, cruel, inexorable, insensible"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The law is harsh but it is the law.",
"text": "Dura lex, sed lex.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oppressive, severe"
],
"links": [
[
"oppressive",
"oppressive"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduː.rus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uːrʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdu.rus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪uːrus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "durus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for durus meaning in All languages combined (12.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: durus/Latin 'Number' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"durus"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "durus",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.