See dulcis on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “sweet”",
"word": "amārus"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcacidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dūlcamārus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcēdō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcēscō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulciculus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcificō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulciloquus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcimodus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcinervis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulciolum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulciōrelocus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcisonōrus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcisonus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcitās"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulciter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcitūdō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "obdulcēscō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "dultsi"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: dultsi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: dultsi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "duľțe"
},
"expansion": "Istro-Romanian: duľțe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istro-Romanian: duľțe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "dulți"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: dulți",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: dulți"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dulce"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: dulce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: dulce"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "dolc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "dolce"
},
"expansion": "Italian: dolce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: dolce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "doce"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: doce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: doce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "duci",
"3": "aruci"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: duci, aruci",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: duci, aruci"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tuscan: dorce"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "durche"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: durche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: durche"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "dolç"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: dolç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: dolç"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "dôçe"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: dôçe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: dôçe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "dolz"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: dolz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: dolz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "doss"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: doss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: doss"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "dultsch"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: dultsch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: dultsch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "dólso",
"3": "dolse"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: dólso, dolse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: dólso, dolse"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "dolç"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: dolç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: dolç"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "dox"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: dox",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: dox"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "douz"
},
"expansion": "Old French: douz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: douz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "doç"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: doç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: doç"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*indulcīre (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "dulce",
"3": "duze"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: dulce, duze",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: dulce, duze"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "dulce"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: dulce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: dulce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mxi",
"2": "دلج",
"alt": "دَلجِ",
"tr": "dalji"
},
"expansion": "Mozarabic: دَلجِ (dalji)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mozarabic: دَلجِ (dalji)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "doce"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: doce",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: doce (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "duz",
"3": "duce",
"4": "dulce",
"qq3": "Latin influence?"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: duz, duce, dulce (Latin influence?)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: duz, duce, dulce (Latin influence?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "dulce"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: dulce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: dulce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*dulkwis",
"t": "sweet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dulkwis (“sweet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλυκύς",
"t": "sweet"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dléwkus",
"4": "*dl̥kús",
"t": "sweet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dl̥kús (“sweet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "The expected outcome would have been <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">**dulquis</i>, with the u-stem regularly extended into an i- one, as in <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">brevis</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">tenuis</i>, etc.<ref name=deVaan/>",
"group": "n"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dulkwis (“sweet”), most likely akin to Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”), both traditionally derived from a tentative Proto-Indo-European *dl̥kús (“sweet”), although the fall of -u- in the Latin form would be left unexplained, and the Greek form is problematic as well. Given that Latin and Greek are linguistically quite distant while being very close geographically, it is likely the word does not go back to PIE as it may have been borrowed from a common unknown source, possibly related to lac (“milk”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dulce",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "dulciter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dulce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dulcis",
"adv": "dulcē",
"adv2": "dulciter",
"comp": "dulcior",
"sup": "dulcissimus"
},
"expansion": "dulcis (neuter dulce, comparative dulcior, superlative dulcissimus, adverb dulcē or dulciter); third-declension two-termination adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dulcis"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcātor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulciārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dulcōrō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It has all the virtues necessary for health, and constantly changes its nature along with the heat, being moist and dry, sweet, bitter, and acid.",
"ref": "234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 157.1",
"text": "omnia ad salutem temperat conmutatque sese semper cum calore arida simul et umida et dulcis et amara et acris"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sweet"
],
"id": "en-dulcis-la-adj-uQQ8Fq82",
"links": [
[
"sweet",
"sweet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of taste) sweet"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of taste"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "71 11 0 13 6",
"sense": "sweet",
"word": "suāvis"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 33 19 12 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Taste",
"orig": "la:Taste",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Senses",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Perception",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 5.13.22",
"roman": "Sooner would pale wormwood be missing from icy Pontus or Sicilian Hybla lack its sweet-scented thyme",
"text": "cāna prius gelidō dēsint absinthia Pontō\net careat dulcī Trīnacris Hybla thymō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sweet-smelling, sweet-scented, fragrant"
],
"id": "en-dulcis-la-adj-lhNalohV",
"links": [
[
"sweet-smelling",
"sweet-smelling"
],
[
"scented",
"scented"
],
[
"fragrant",
"fragrant"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 6 53 22 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 16 39 17 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin third declension adjectives of two terminations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 9 71 8 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 7 76 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Demosthenes, however, says most upon this head, and often speaks of his accuser as having a sweet-sounding and clear pronunciation.",
"ref": "46 BCE, Cicero, Brutus 57",
"text": "dicit plorare etiam Demosthenes istum quem saepe dicat voce dulci et clara fuisse"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sweet-sounding, melodic, melodious, tuneful"
],
"id": "en-dulcis-la-adj-CnVAZr-9",
"links": [
[
"sounding",
"sounding"
],
[
"melodic",
"melodic"
],
[
"melodious",
"melodious"
],
[
"tuneful",
"tuneful"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Sweet and fitting it is to die for one's fatherland.",
"ref": "23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 3.2.13",
"text": "Dulce et decōrum est prō patriā morī."
},
{
"english": "Then lambs are fat, and wines are mellowest then; then sleep is sweet, and dark the shadows fall upon the mountains.",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 1.342",
"roman": "tum somnī dulcēs dēnsaeque in montibus umbrae",
"text": "tum pinguēs agnī et tum mollissima vīna"
},
{
"english": "Let me declare briefly how sweet freedom is.",
"ref": "c. 15 BCE – c. 50 CE, Phaedrus, Fabulae 7.1",
"text": "Quam dulcis sit lībertās breviter prōloquar."
}
],
"glosses": [
"agreeable, delightful, pleasant, soft, sweet"
],
"id": "en-dulcis-la-adj-ncn8Az~I",
"links": [
[
"agreeable",
"agreeable"
],
[
"delightful",
"delightful"
],
[
"pleasant",
"pleasant"
],
[
"soft",
"soft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) agreeable, delightful, pleasant, soft, sweet"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 2 62 36",
"sense": "agreeable",
"word": "acceptus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 2 62 36",
"sense": "agreeable",
"word": "amoenus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 2 62 36",
"sense": "agreeable",
"word": "grātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 2 62 36",
"sense": "agreeable",
"word": "iūcundus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You, his dear wife, on the lone shore alone, […]",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.465",
"text": "tē, dulcis coniūnx, tē sōlō in lītore secum […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"friendly, charming, kind, dear, pleasant, agreeable"
],
"id": "en-dulcis-la-adj-ZbElgod-",
"links": [
[
"friendly",
"friendly"
],
[
"charming",
"charming"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"dear",
"dear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, of persons) friendly, charming, kind, dear, pleasant, agreeable"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of persons"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 4 4 23 70",
"sense": "charming, friendly",
"word": "venustus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"two-termination"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdul.kis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ʊɫ̪kɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdul.t͡ʃis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ul̠ʲt͡ʃis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "dulcis"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “sweet”",
"word": "amārus"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from substrate languages",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension adjectives",
"Latin third declension adjectives of two terminations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Taste"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dulcacidus"
},
{
"word": "dūlcamārus"
},
{
"word": "dulcēdō"
},
{
"word": "dulcēscō"
},
{
"word": "dulcia"
},
{
"word": "dulciculus"
},
{
"word": "dulcifer"
},
{
"word": "dulcificō"
},
{
"word": "dulciloquus"
},
{
"word": "dulcimodus"
},
{
"word": "dulcinervis"
},
{
"word": "dulciolum"
},
{
"word": "dulciōrelocus"
},
{
"word": "dulcisonōrus"
},
{
"word": "dulcisonus"
},
{
"word": "dulcitās"
},
{
"word": "dulciter"
},
{
"word": "dulcitūdō"
},
{
"word": "dulcō"
},
{
"word": "dulcor"
},
{
"word": "obdulcēscō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "dultsi"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: dultsi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: dultsi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "duľțe"
},
"expansion": "Istro-Romanian: duľțe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istro-Romanian: duľțe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "dulți"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: dulți",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: dulți"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dulce"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: dulce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: dulce"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "dolc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "dolce"
},
"expansion": "Italian: dolce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: dolce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "doce"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: doce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: doce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "duci",
"3": "aruci"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: duci, aruci",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: duci, aruci"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tuscan: dorce"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "durche"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: durche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: durche"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "dolç"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: dolç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: dolç"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "dôçe"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: dôçe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: dôçe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "dolz"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: dolz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: dolz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "doss"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: doss",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: doss"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "dultsch"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: dultsch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: dultsch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "dólso",
"3": "dolse"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: dólso, dolse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: dólso, dolse"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "dolç"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: dolç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: dolç"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "dox"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: dox",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: dox"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "douz"
},
"expansion": "Old French: douz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: douz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "doç"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: doç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: doç"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vulgar Latin:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*indulcīre (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "dulce",
"3": "duze"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: dulce, duze",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: dulce, duze"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "dulce"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: dulce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: dulce"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mxi",
"2": "دلج",
"alt": "دَلجِ",
"tr": "dalji"
},
"expansion": "Mozarabic: دَلجِ (dalji)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mozarabic: دَلجِ (dalji)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "doce"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: doce",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: doce (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "duz",
"3": "duce",
"4": "dulce",
"qq3": "Latin influence?"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: duz, duce, dulce (Latin influence?)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: duz, duce, dulce (Latin influence?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "dulce"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: dulce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: dulce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*dulkwis",
"t": "sweet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *dulkwis (“sweet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλυκύς",
"t": "sweet"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dléwkus",
"4": "*dl̥kús",
"t": "sweet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dl̥kús (“sweet”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "The expected outcome would have been <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">**dulquis</i>, with the u-stem regularly extended into an i- one, as in <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">brevis</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">tenuis</i>, etc.<ref name=deVaan/>",
"group": "n"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *dulkwis (“sweet”), most likely akin to Ancient Greek γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”), both traditionally derived from a tentative Proto-Indo-European *dl̥kús (“sweet”), although the fall of -u- in the Latin form would be left unexplained, and the Greek form is problematic as well. Given that Latin and Greek are linguistically quite distant while being very close geographically, it is likely the word does not go back to PIE as it may have been borrowed from a common unknown source, possibly related to lac (“milk”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dulce",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "dulciter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dulce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dulcia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dulcis",
"adv": "dulcē",
"adv2": "dulciter",
"comp": "dulcior",
"sup": "dulcissimus"
},
"expansion": "dulcis (neuter dulce, comparative dulcior, superlative dulcissimus, adverb dulcē or dulciter); third-declension two-termination adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dulcis"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "dulcātor"
},
{
"word": "dulciārius"
},
{
"word": "dulcōrō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It has all the virtues necessary for health, and constantly changes its nature along with the heat, being moist and dry, sweet, bitter, and acid.",
"ref": "234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Agri Cultura 157.1",
"text": "omnia ad salutem temperat conmutatque sese semper cum calore arida simul et umida et dulcis et amara et acris"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sweet"
],
"links": [
[
"sweet",
"sweet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of taste) sweet"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of taste"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 5.13.22",
"roman": "Sooner would pale wormwood be missing from icy Pontus or Sicilian Hybla lack its sweet-scented thyme",
"text": "cāna prius gelidō dēsint absinthia Pontō\net careat dulcī Trīnacris Hybla thymō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sweet-smelling, sweet-scented, fragrant"
],
"links": [
[
"sweet-smelling",
"sweet-smelling"
],
[
"scented",
"scented"
],
[
"fragrant",
"fragrant"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Demosthenes, however, says most upon this head, and often speaks of his accuser as having a sweet-sounding and clear pronunciation.",
"ref": "46 BCE, Cicero, Brutus 57",
"text": "dicit plorare etiam Demosthenes istum quem saepe dicat voce dulci et clara fuisse"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sweet-sounding, melodic, melodious, tuneful"
],
"links": [
[
"sounding",
"sounding"
],
[
"melodic",
"melodic"
],
[
"melodious",
"melodious"
],
[
"tuneful",
"tuneful"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Sweet and fitting it is to die for one's fatherland.",
"ref": "23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 3.2.13",
"text": "Dulce et decōrum est prō patriā morī."
},
{
"english": "Then lambs are fat, and wines are mellowest then; then sleep is sweet, and dark the shadows fall upon the mountains.",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 1.342",
"roman": "tum somnī dulcēs dēnsaeque in montibus umbrae",
"text": "tum pinguēs agnī et tum mollissima vīna"
},
{
"english": "Let me declare briefly how sweet freedom is.",
"ref": "c. 15 BCE – c. 50 CE, Phaedrus, Fabulae 7.1",
"text": "Quam dulcis sit lībertās breviter prōloquar."
}
],
"glosses": [
"agreeable, delightful, pleasant, soft, sweet"
],
"links": [
[
"agreeable",
"agreeable"
],
[
"delightful",
"delightful"
],
[
"pleasant",
"pleasant"
],
[
"soft",
"soft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) agreeable, delightful, pleasant, soft, sweet"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You, his dear wife, on the lone shore alone, […]",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgics 4.465",
"text": "tē, dulcis coniūnx, tē sōlō in lītore secum […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"friendly, charming, kind, dear, pleasant, agreeable"
],
"links": [
[
"friendly",
"friendly"
],
[
"charming",
"charming"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"dear",
"dear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively, of persons) friendly, charming, kind, dear, pleasant, agreeable"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of persons"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"two-termination"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdul.kis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ʊɫ̪kɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdul.t͡ʃis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈd̪ul̠ʲt͡ʃis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "agreeable",
"word": "acceptus"
},
{
"sense": "agreeable",
"word": "amoenus"
},
{
"sense": "agreeable",
"word": "grātus"
},
{
"sense": "agreeable",
"word": "iūcundus"
},
{
"sense": "charming, friendly",
"word": "venustus"
},
{
"sense": "sweet",
"word": "suāvis"
}
],
"word": "dulcis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dulcis meaning in All languages combined (13.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dulcis/Latin 'Number' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dulcis"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "dulcis",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.