See dreden on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dread"
},
"expansion": "English: dread",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dread"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "dreed"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: dreed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: dreed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dreid",
"3": "dreed"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dreid, dreed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dreid, dreed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drǣdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drǣdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*andarādan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *andarādan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English drǣdan, late aphetic variant of ondrǣdan, from Proto-West Germanic *andarādan. Compare adreden and reden.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dreden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to dreden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dredde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dradde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreddest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draddest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drededest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dredeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dret",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dredde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dradde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dredde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dradde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dredden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dredde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dradden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dradde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drededen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dredede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dredeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dredynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dredende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dreded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydrad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydreded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "dreden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dred",
"2a": "drad",
"3s2": "dret",
"c": "de",
"c3": "ed",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dred"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dredful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dredfully"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dredfulnesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dredles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drednesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dredy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ofdreden"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 13 15 33 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And when I saw him, I fell down at his feet like I was dead. But he placed his right hand on me and said, \"Don't be afraid; I am the first and the last […]",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 1:17, page 117v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "⁊ whanne I hadde ſeyn hym .· I felde doun at his feet as deed / ⁊ he puttide his riȝthond on me .· ⁊ ſeide / nyle þou dꝛede I am þe firſte ⁊ þe laſte[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fear or dread:",
"To be fearful or afraid."
],
"id": "en-dreden-enm-verb-ImbW2UUK",
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"dread",
"dread"
],
[
"fearful",
"fearful"
],
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 13 15 33 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fear or dread:",
"To regard with awe or reverence."
],
"id": "en-dreden-enm-verb-w4H~VwpO",
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"dread",
"dread"
],
[
"awe",
"awe"
],
[
"reverence",
"reverence"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 13 15 33 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 30 8 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "enm:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "His parents said those things because they were scared of the Jews, as the Jews had already agreed that if anyone acknowledged (Jesus) as Messiah, they would be expelled from the synagogue.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 9:22, page 50r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "his fadir ⁊ modir ſeiden þese þingis .· foꝛ þei dꝛedden þe iewis / foꝛ þanne þe iewis hadden conſpirid · þat if ony man knoulechide hym criſt .· he ſchulde be doon out of þe ſynagoge",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fear or dread"
],
"id": "en-dreden-enm-verb-N7UGvfLE",
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"dread",
"dread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To fear or dread:"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 13 15 33 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 20 30 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 18 32 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To avoid or reject."
],
"id": "en-dreden-enm-verb-KRJy5dCr",
"links": [
[
"avoid",
"avoid"
],
[
"reject",
"reject"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 13 15 33 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To frighten or harass."
],
"id": "en-dreden-enm-verb-x5~aU297",
"links": [
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"harass",
"harass"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɛːdən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdreːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dred"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drede"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "early",
"word": "drædenn"
}
],
"word": "dreden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Fear"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dread"
},
"expansion": "English: dread",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dread"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en-geo",
"2": "dreed"
},
"expansion": "Geordie English: dreed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Geordie English: dreed"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dreid",
"3": "dreed"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dreid, dreed",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dreid, dreed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "drǣdan"
},
"expansion": "Old English drǣdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*andarādan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *andarādan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English drǣdan, late aphetic variant of ondrǣdan, from Proto-West Germanic *andarādan. Compare adreden and reden.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dreden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to dreden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dredde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dradde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dredest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreddest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draddest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drededest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dredeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dret",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dredde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dradde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dreded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dredde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dradde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dreded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dreden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dredden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dredde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dradden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dradde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drededen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dredede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dredeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dredynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dredende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "drad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dreded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydred",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydrad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ydreded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "dreden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dred",
"2a": "drad",
"3s2": "dret",
"c": "de",
"c3": "ed",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "dred"
},
{
"word": "dredful"
},
{
"word": "dredfully"
},
{
"word": "dredfulnesse"
},
{
"word": "dredles"
},
{
"word": "drednesse"
},
{
"word": "dredy"
},
{
"word": "ofdreden"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And when I saw him, I fell down at his feet like I was dead. But he placed his right hand on me and said, \"Don't be afraid; I am the first and the last […]",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 1:17, page 117v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "⁊ whanne I hadde ſeyn hym .· I felde doun at his feet as deed / ⁊ he puttide his riȝthond on me .· ⁊ ſeide / nyle þou dꝛede I am þe firſte ⁊ þe laſte[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fear or dread:",
"To be fearful or afraid."
],
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"dread",
"dread"
],
[
"fearful",
"fearful"
],
[
"afraid",
"afraid"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To fear or dread:",
"To regard with awe or reverence."
],
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"dread",
"dread"
],
[
"awe",
"awe"
],
[
"reverence",
"reverence"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "His parents said those things because they were scared of the Jews, as the Jews had already agreed that if anyone acknowledged (Jesus) as Messiah, they would be expelled from the synagogue.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 9:22, page 50r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "his fadir ⁊ modir ſeiden þese þingis .· foꝛ þei dꝛedden þe iewis / foꝛ þanne þe iewis hadden conſpirid · þat if ony man knoulechide hym criſt .· he ſchulde be doon out of þe ſynagoge",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fear or dread"
],
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear"
],
[
"dread",
"dread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To fear or dread:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To avoid or reject."
],
"links": [
[
"avoid",
"avoid"
],
[
"reject",
"reject"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To frighten or harass."
],
"links": [
[
"frighten",
"frighten"
],
[
"harass",
"harass"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdrɛːdən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈdreːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dred"
},
{
"word": "drede"
},
{
"sense": "early",
"word": "drædenn"
}
],
"word": "dreden"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dreden meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''To fear or dread:'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"dreden"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "dreden",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.