See drabъ on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for drabъ meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "ladder",
"word": "drabina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "vane, oak of plow",
"word": "drabьcь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "дра́бы",
"g": "p",
"t": "ribs"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: дра́бы pl (dráby, “ribs”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: дра́бы pl (dráby, “ribs”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дря́бы",
"g": "p",
"t": "carriage"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дря́бы pl (drjáby, “carriage”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дря́бы pl (drjáby, “carriage”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "drab"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: drab\n⇒ Polish: drabka (regional)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: drab\n⇒ Polish: drabka (regional)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*trappā",
"3": "",
"4": "staircase"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *trappā (“staircase”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Treppe",
"3": "",
"4": "stairs"
},
"expansion": "German Treppe (“stairs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "trap",
"3": "",
"4": "staircase"
},
"expansion": "Dutch trap (“staircase”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dreb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dreb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*der-",
"3": "*derH-",
"t": "to tear, to tug"
},
"expansion": "*derH- (“to tear, to tug”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Based on similarities with Proto-West Germanic *trappā (“staircase”) (whence German Treppe (“stairs”), Dutch trap (“staircase”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dreb-, from an extension of *derH- (“to tear, to tug”). The long grade in Slavic is likely due to Winter's law.\nPer Vasmer, Russian \"soft\" vocalism is of expressive origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "draba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drabu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "draby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drabomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draběxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drabъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"staircase (of а ladder)"
],
"id": "en-drabъ-sla-pro-noun-aVH6XvB-",
"links": [
[
"staircase",
"staircase"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 58 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"part of framework"
],
"id": "en-drabъ-sla-pro-noun-buLy1zor",
"links": [
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"qualifier": "by generalization",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by generalization) part of framework"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "drabь"
}
],
"word": "drabъ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zdraby",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Czech: zdraby pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moravian Czech: zdraby pl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "draby",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: draby pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: draby pl"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreb-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dróbė",
"3": "",
"4": "linen cloth"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dróbė (“linen cloth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "drẽbe",
"3": "",
"4": "piece of clothing"
},
"expansion": "Latvian drẽbe (“piece of clothing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drėbti",
"3": "",
"4": "to strike"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian drėbti (“to strike”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "drêbt",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Latvian drêbt (“to beat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drepaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to hit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drepaną (“to hit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreb-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shear, to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰreb- (“to shear, to beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*drebъxa",
"3": "",
"4": "cloth, dress"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *drebъxa (“cloth, dress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrebʰ-",
"3": "",
"4": "to fracture"
},
"expansion": "*dʰrebʰ- (“to fracture”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "dráb",
"3": "",
"4": "beadle"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech dráb (“beadle”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "драб",
"3": "",
"4": "begger"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian драб (drab, “begger”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Trubačev tentatively identifies/relates it with Etymology 1.\n* Derksen connects it instead to Lithuanian dróbė (“linen cloth”), Latvian drẽbe (“piece of clothing”). Further akin to Lithuanian drėbti (“to strike”), Latvian drêbt (“to beat”), Proto-Germanic *drepaną (“to hit”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreb- (“to shear, to beat”). Perhaps also related to Proto-Slavic *drebъxa (“cloth, dress”) from *dʰrebʰ- (“to fracture”).\nPrincipally homophonous with Old Czech dráb (“beadle”), of German origin. From there may also descend colloquial Ukrainian драб (drab, “begger”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "draba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drabu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "draby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drabomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draběxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drabъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"clothing, rag"
],
"id": "en-drabъ-sla-pro-noun-I~Blxs5G",
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
],
[
"rag",
"rag"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "drabъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰreb-",
"Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter",
"sla-pro:Clothing"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "ladder",
"word": "drabina"
},
{
"english": "vane, oak of plow",
"word": "drabьcь"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "дра́бы",
"g": "p",
"t": "ribs"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: дра́бы pl (dráby, “ribs”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: дра́бы pl (dráby, “ribs”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дря́бы",
"g": "p",
"t": "carriage"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дря́бы pl (drjáby, “carriage”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дря́бы pl (drjáby, “carriage”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "drab"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: drab\n⇒ Polish: drabka (regional)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: drab\n⇒ Polish: drabka (regional)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*trappā",
"3": "",
"4": "staircase"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *trappā (“staircase”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Treppe",
"3": "",
"4": "stairs"
},
"expansion": "German Treppe (“stairs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "trap",
"3": "",
"4": "staircase"
},
"expansion": "Dutch trap (“staircase”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dreb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dreb-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*der-",
"3": "*derH-",
"t": "to tear, to tug"
},
"expansion": "*derH- (“to tear, to tug”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Based on similarities with Proto-West Germanic *trappā (“staircase”) (whence German Treppe (“stairs”), Dutch trap (“staircase”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dreb-, from an extension of *derH- (“to tear, to tug”). The long grade in Slavic is likely due to Winter's law.\nPer Vasmer, Russian \"soft\" vocalism is of expressive origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "draba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drabu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "draby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drabomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draběxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drabъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"staircase (of а ladder)"
],
"links": [
[
"staircase",
"staircase"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"part of framework"
],
"links": [
[
"framework",
"framework"
]
],
"qualifier": "by generalization",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by generalization) part of framework"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "drabь"
}
],
"word": "drabъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰreb-",
"Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter",
"sla-pro:Clothing"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zdraby",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Czech: zdraby pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moravian Czech: zdraby pl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "draby",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: draby pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: draby pl"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreb-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dróbė",
"3": "",
"4": "linen cloth"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dróbė (“linen cloth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "drẽbe",
"3": "",
"4": "piece of clothing"
},
"expansion": "Latvian drẽbe (“piece of clothing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drėbti",
"3": "",
"4": "to strike"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian drėbti (“to strike”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "drêbt",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Latvian drêbt (“to beat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drepaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to hit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *drepaną (“to hit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰreb-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shear, to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰreb- (“to shear, to beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*drebъxa",
"3": "",
"4": "cloth, dress"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *drebъxa (“cloth, dress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrebʰ-",
"3": "",
"4": "to fracture"
},
"expansion": "*dʰrebʰ- (“to fracture”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "dráb",
"3": "",
"4": "beadle"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech dráb (“beadle”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "драб",
"3": "",
"4": "begger"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian драб (drab, “begger”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Trubačev tentatively identifies/relates it with Etymology 1.\n* Derksen connects it instead to Lithuanian dróbė (“linen cloth”), Latvian drẽbe (“piece of clothing”). Further akin to Lithuanian drėbti (“to strike”), Latvian drêbt (“to beat”), Proto-Germanic *drepaną (“to hit”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreb- (“to shear, to beat”). Perhaps also related to Proto-Slavic *drebъxa (“cloth, dress”) from *dʰrebʰ- (“to fracture”).\nPrincipally homophonous with Old Czech dráb (“beadle”), of German origin. From there may also descend colloquial Ukrainian драб (drab, “begger”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "draba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drabu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draboma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drabomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "draby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drabomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draběxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "drabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drabъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"clothing, rag"
],
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
],
[
"rag",
"rag"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "drabъ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.