See drъžь on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дрожь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дрожь (drožʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дрожь (drožʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "дрож"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: дрож (drož)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: дрож (drož)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dreszcz"
},
"expansion": "Polish: dreszcz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: dreszcz"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*drugjas",
"t": "trembling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *drugjas (“trembling”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "drudzis",
"t": "fever, ague"
},
"expansion": "Latvian drudzis (“fever, ague”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drugỹs",
"t": "fever, malaria; butterfly, moth"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian drugỹs (“fever, malaria; butterfly, moth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "unclear"
},
"expansion": "unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*drugʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *drugʰ-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*draugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draugiz",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"t": "to deceive; to accompany"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive; to accompany”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *drugjas (“trembling”); Baltic cognates include Latvian drudzis (“fever, ague”), Lithuanian drugỹs (“fever, malaria; butterfly, moth”). Further relations outside of Balto-Slavic unclear; the mechanical reconstruction of a further Proto-Indo-European *drugʰ- or *dʰrugʰ- (“to shake off, drain”) yields phonetic matches with terms including Proto-Germanic *draugiz, *drūgiz (“dry”), and Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive; to accompany”), none of which are semantically convincing. Only the Germanic terms meaning \"dry\" could reasonably be linked, though the semantic shifts required would still be non-trivial.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъže",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъže",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drъžь",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drъžь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shivering, tremor"
],
"id": "en-drъžь-sla-pro-noun-4DXg9cR2",
"links": [
[
"shivering",
"shivering"
],
[
"tremor",
"tremor"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "drъgati"
},
{
"word": "drъžati"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "drъžь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "дрожь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: дрожь (drožʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: дрожь (drožʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "дрож"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: дрож (drož)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: дрож (drož)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "dreszcz"
},
"expansion": "Polish: dreszcz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: dreszcz"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*drugjas",
"t": "trembling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *drugjas (“trembling”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "drudzis",
"t": "fever, ague"
},
"expansion": "Latvian drudzis (“fever, ague”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "drugỹs",
"t": "fever, malaria; butterfly, moth"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian drugỹs (“fever, malaria; butterfly, moth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "unclear"
},
"expansion": "unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*drugʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *drugʰ-",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*draugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draugiz",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"t": "to deceive; to accompany"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive; to accompany”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *drugjas (“trembling”); Baltic cognates include Latvian drudzis (“fever, ague”), Lithuanian drugỹs (“fever, malaria; butterfly, moth”). Further relations outside of Balto-Slavic unclear; the mechanical reconstruction of a further Proto-Indo-European *drugʰ- or *dʰrugʰ- (“to shake off, drain”) yields phonetic matches with terms including Proto-Germanic *draugiz, *drūgiz (“dry”), and Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive; to accompany”), none of which are semantically convincing. Only the Germanic terms meaning \"dry\" could reasonably be linked, though the semantic shifts required would still be non-trivial.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъže",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъži",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъžьje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drъže",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drъžь",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drъžь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "drъgati"
},
{
"word": "drъžati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"shivering, tremor"
],
"links": [
[
"shivering",
"shivering"
],
[
"tremor",
"tremor"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "drъžь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drъžь meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.