"dogfish" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Deania profundorum",
      "word": "arrowhead dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "Scymnodalatias garricki",
      "word": "Azores dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium kamoharai",
      "word": "bareskin dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Deania calcea",
      "word": "birdbeak dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium fabricii",
      "word": "black dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Etmopterus gracilispinis",
      "word": "broadband dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Scyliorhinus retifer",
      "word": "chain dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium nigrum",
      "word": "combtooth dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Squalus cubensis",
      "word": "Cuban dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centrophorus squamosus",
      "word": "deepwater spiny dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "a grunt native to coral reefs of the western Pacific Ocean",
      "taxonomic": "Plectorhinchus lineatus",
      "word": "dogfish orientalis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dogfish shark"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium granulatum",
      "word": "granular dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Scyliorhinus stellaris",
      "word": "greater spotted dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centrophorus harrissoni",
      "word": "Harrison's dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium excelsum",
      "word": "highfin dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Aculeola nigra",
      "word": "hooktooth dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "Zameus ichiharai",
      "word": "Japanese velvet dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "Scymnodon ringens",
      "word": "knifetooth dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "Proscymnodon macracanthus",
      "word": "largespine velvet dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Scyliorhinus canicula",
      "word": "lesser spotted dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centroselachus crepidater",
      "word": "longnose velvet dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Deania quadrispinosa",
      "word": "longsnout dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Cirrhigaleus barbifer",
      "word": "mandarin dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centrophorus granulosus",
      "word": "needle dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium ornatum",
      "word": "ornate dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Plunket's dogfish (Centroscymnus plunketi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centroscymnus coelolepis",
      "word": "Portuguese dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Oxynotus bruniensis",
      "word": "prickly dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "alternately known as Miroscyllium sheikoi",
      "word": "rasptooth dogfish (Etmopterus sheikoi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Deania hystricosa",
      "word": "rough longnose shark"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centroscymnus owstonii",
      "word": "roughskin dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "Scymnodalatias sherwoodi",
      "word": "sherwood dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centroscymnus owstonii",
      "word": "shortnose velvet dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Mustelus canis",
      "word": "smooth dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centrophorus zeehaani",
      "word": "southern dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Cirrhigaleus australis",
      "word": "southern Mandarin dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "Scymnodalatias oligodon",
      "word": "sparsetooth dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Squalus acanthias",
      "word": "spiny dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Squalus formosus",
      "word": "Taiwanese dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "Zameus squamulosus",
      "word": "velvet dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "Trigonognathus kabeyai",
      "word": "viper dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "alt": "Scymnodalatias albicauda",
      "word": "whitetail dogfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium ritteri",
      "word": "whitefin dogfish"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dog",
        "3": "fish"
      },
      "expansion": "dog + fish",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "σκυλόψαρο",
        "t": "dogfish"
      },
      "expansion": "Greek σκυλόψαρο (skylópsaro, “dogfish”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "canicula",
        "lit": "little dog",
        "t": "dogfish"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin canicula (“dogfish”, literally “little dog”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "pescecane",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dogfish"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian pescecane (“dogfish”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chien de mer",
        "lit": "dog of the sea"
      },
      "expansion": "French chien de mer (literally “dog of the sea”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Meerhund",
        "lit": "seadog"
      },
      "expansion": "German Meerhund (literally “seadog”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Hundfisch",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dogfish"
      },
      "expansion": "Hundfisch (“dogfish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "seadog"
      },
      "expansion": "English seadog",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mt",
        "2": "kelb il-baħar",
        "lit": "dog of the sea"
      },
      "expansion": "Maltese kelb il-baħar (literally “dog of the sea”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "köpek balığı",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shark"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish köpek balığı (“shark”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "dog + fish. Compare Greek σκυλόψαρο (skylópsaro, “dogfish”), Latin canicula (“dogfish”, literally “little dog”), Italian pescecane (“dogfish”), French chien de mer (literally “dog of the sea”), German Meerhund (literally “seadog”) and Hundfisch (“dogfish”), and English seadog. For non-Indo-European cognates, see Maltese kelb il-baħar (literally “dog of the sea”) and Turkish köpek balığı (“shark”), likely calques from Indo-European languages.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dogfish",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dogfishes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dogfish",
        "2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "dogfish (plural dogfish or dogfishes)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "salmon family",
      "taxonomic": "Oncorhynchus keta",
      "word": "dog salmon"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "catfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "flake"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "sharks in genus Mustelus",
      "word": "smooth hound"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "waterdog"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "especially those from the family Squalidae"
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-PWYxl5IS",
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "Squalidae",
          "Squalidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "40 8 12 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 7 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
          "word": "piikkihai"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 8 12 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 7 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Dornhai"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 8 12 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 7 4",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "skúlion",
          "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "σκύλιον"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 8 12 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 7 4",
          "code": "nuk",
          "lang": "Nootka",
          "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
          "word": "yačaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 8 12 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 7 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "galhudo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 8 12 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 7 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "esqualídeo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 8 12 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 7 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cação"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "40 8 12 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 7 4",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
          "word": "bilingbiling"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "a catshark, any shark from family Scyliorhinidae"
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-ZFeopn~2",
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "catshark",
          "catshark"
        ],
        [
          "Scyliorhinidae",
          "Scyliorhinidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 8 21 8 7 6 6 8 8 5 7 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 7 19 9 9 6 5 6 7 5 9 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 11 28 7 5 5 4 5 5 4 9 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 26 6 7 5 5 7 7 3 9 9",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Holostean fish",
          "orig": "en:Holostean fish",
          "parents": [
            "Fish",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 8 11 9 8 8 9 9 8 8 9 3",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Sharks",
          "orig": "en:Sharks",
          "parents": [
            "Fish",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "a kitefin shark, any shark from family Dalatiidae"
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-TG8~vYas",
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "kitefin shark",
          "kitefin shark"
        ],
        [
          "Dalatiidae",
          "Dalatiidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Scyliorhinus canicula or Scyliorhinus stellaris"
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-c3Jd0Hsl",
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "Scyliorhinus canicula",
          "Scyliorhinus canicula#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Scyliorhinus stellaris",
          "Scyliorhinus stellaris#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(UK) Scyliorhinus canicula or Scyliorhinus stellaris"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Scyliorhinus canicula"
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-S4JhwYK~",
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "Scyliorhinus canicula",
          "Scyliorhinus canicula#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Azores Is.) Scyliorhinus canicula"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Canadian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Squalus suckleyi"
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-WGX3qPFo",
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Canada) Squalus suckleyi"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Bermudian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Mustelus canis"
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-S-tXQzIR",
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Bermuda",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Bermuda) Mustelus canis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Barbadian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Bodianus rufus"
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-LdtN0tpc",
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Barbados) Bodianus rufus"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Barbados"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Guyanese English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Ginglymostoma cirratum or Mustelus canis"
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-GoGPXgZb",
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Guyana) Ginglymostoma cirratum or Mustelus canis"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Guyana"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Trinidad and Tobago English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Ginglymostoma cirratum"
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-eUVAxw4b",
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Trinidad and Tobago) Ginglymostoma cirratum"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Trinidad-and-Tobago"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Namibian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Squalus acanthias, Squalus blainville, Squalus megalops, or Squalus mitsukurii"
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-T2OBOzeM",
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "Squalus acanthias",
          "Squalus acanthias#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Namibia) Squalus acanthias, Squalus blainville, Squalus megalops, or Squalus mitsukurii"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Namibia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "American English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1967, George K. Reid, edited by Herbert S. Zim and George S. Fichter, Pond Life, New York: Golden Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 128",
          "text": "Bowfins, sometimes called Dog-fish, live in sluggish waters throughout eastern N.A.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The bowfin, Amia calva."
      ],
      "id": "en-dogfish-en-noun-3A0CLYLf",
      "links": [
        [
          "bowfin",
          "bowfin"
        ],
        [
          "Amia calva",
          "Amia calva#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US) The bowfin, Amia calva."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "seadog"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dog-fish"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0",
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "köpek balığı",
      "sense": "small shark",
      "word": "كوپك بالغی"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "small shark",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cação"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "10 16 13 7 7 7 7 7 8 7 7 3",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "small sharks of the Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae families",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Dornhaiartige"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "10 16 13 7 7 7 7 7 8 7 7 3",
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "galeós",
      "sense": "small sharks of the Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae families",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "γαλεός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "10 16 13 7 7 7 7 7 8 7 7 3",
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "small sharks of the Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae families",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fíogach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "10 16 13 7 7 7 7 7 8 7 7 3",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "small sharks of the Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae families",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pescecane"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "10 16 13 7 7 7 7 7 8 7 7 3",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "small sharks of the Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae families",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cação"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dogfish"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English compound terms",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
    "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
    "Requests for review of Cornish translations",
    "Requests for review of Greek translations",
    "Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
    "Requests for review of Irish translations",
    "Requests for review of Latin translations",
    "Requests for review of Manx translations",
    "Requests for review of Maori translations",
    "Requests for review of Russian translations",
    "Requests for review of Welsh translations",
    "en:Holostean fish",
    "en:Sharks"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "taxonomic": "Deania profundorum",
      "word": "arrowhead dogfish"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Scymnodalatias garricki",
      "word": "Azores dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium kamoharai",
      "word": "bareskin dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Deania calcea",
      "word": "birdbeak dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium fabricii",
      "word": "black dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Etmopterus gracilispinis",
      "word": "broadband dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Scyliorhinus retifer",
      "word": "chain dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium nigrum",
      "word": "combtooth dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Squalus cubensis",
      "word": "Cuban dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centrophorus squamosus",
      "word": "deepwater spiny dogfish"
    },
    {
      "english": "a grunt native to coral reefs of the western Pacific Ocean",
      "taxonomic": "Plectorhinchus lineatus",
      "word": "dogfish orientalis"
    },
    {
      "word": "dogfish shark"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium granulatum",
      "word": "granular dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Scyliorhinus stellaris",
      "word": "greater spotted dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centrophorus harrissoni",
      "word": "Harrison's dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium excelsum",
      "word": "highfin dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Aculeola nigra",
      "word": "hooktooth dogfish"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Zameus ichiharai",
      "word": "Japanese velvet dogfish"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Scymnodon ringens",
      "word": "knifetooth dogfish"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Proscymnodon macracanthus",
      "word": "largespine velvet dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Scyliorhinus canicula",
      "word": "lesser spotted dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centroselachus crepidater",
      "word": "longnose velvet dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Deania quadrispinosa",
      "word": "longsnout dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Cirrhigaleus barbifer",
      "word": "mandarin dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centrophorus granulosus",
      "word": "needle dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium ornatum",
      "word": "ornate dogfish"
    },
    {
      "word": "Plunket's dogfish (Centroscymnus plunketi"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centroscymnus coelolepis",
      "word": "Portuguese dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Oxynotus bruniensis",
      "word": "prickly dogfish"
    },
    {
      "english": "alternately known as Miroscyllium sheikoi",
      "word": "rasptooth dogfish (Etmopterus sheikoi"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Deania hystricosa",
      "word": "rough longnose shark"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centroscymnus owstonii",
      "word": "roughskin dogfish"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Scymnodalatias sherwoodi",
      "word": "sherwood dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centroscymnus owstonii",
      "word": "shortnose velvet dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Mustelus canis",
      "word": "smooth dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centrophorus zeehaani",
      "word": "southern dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Cirrhigaleus australis",
      "word": "southern Mandarin dogfish"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Scymnodalatias oligodon",
      "word": "sparsetooth dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Squalus acanthias",
      "word": "spiny dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Squalus formosus",
      "word": "Taiwanese dogfish"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Zameus squamulosus",
      "word": "velvet dogfish"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Trigonognathus kabeyai",
      "word": "viper dogfish"
    },
    {
      "alt": "Scymnodalatias albicauda",
      "word": "whitetail dogfish"
    },
    {
      "taxonomic": "Centroscyllium ritteri",
      "word": "whitefin dogfish"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dog",
        "3": "fish"
      },
      "expansion": "dog + fish",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "σκυλόψαρο",
        "t": "dogfish"
      },
      "expansion": "Greek σκυλόψαρο (skylópsaro, “dogfish”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "canicula",
        "lit": "little dog",
        "t": "dogfish"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin canicula (“dogfish”, literally “little dog”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "pescecane",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dogfish"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian pescecane (“dogfish”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "chien de mer",
        "lit": "dog of the sea"
      },
      "expansion": "French chien de mer (literally “dog of the sea”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Meerhund",
        "lit": "seadog"
      },
      "expansion": "German Meerhund (literally “seadog”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Hundfisch",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dogfish"
      },
      "expansion": "Hundfisch (“dogfish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "seadog"
      },
      "expansion": "English seadog",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mt",
        "2": "kelb il-baħar",
        "lit": "dog of the sea"
      },
      "expansion": "Maltese kelb il-baħar (literally “dog of the sea”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "köpek balığı",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shark"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish köpek balığı (“shark”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "dog + fish. Compare Greek σκυλόψαρο (skylópsaro, “dogfish”), Latin canicula (“dogfish”, literally “little dog”), Italian pescecane (“dogfish”), French chien de mer (literally “dog of the sea”), German Meerhund (literally “seadog”) and Hundfisch (“dogfish”), and English seadog. For non-Indo-European cognates, see Maltese kelb il-baħar (literally “dog of the sea”) and Turkish köpek balığı (“shark”), likely calques from Indo-European languages.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dogfish",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dogfishes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dogfish",
        "2": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "dogfish (plural dogfish or dogfishes)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "salmon family",
      "taxonomic": "Oncorhynchus keta",
      "word": "dog salmon"
    },
    {
      "word": "catfish"
    },
    {
      "word": "flake"
    },
    {
      "english": "sharks in genus Mustelus",
      "word": "smooth hound"
    },
    {
      "word": "waterdog"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "especially those from the family Squalidae"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "Squalidae",
          "Squalidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "a catshark, any shark from family Scyliorhinidae"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "catshark",
          "catshark"
        ],
        [
          "Scyliorhinidae",
          "Scyliorhinidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "a kitefin shark, any shark from family Dalatiidae"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "kitefin shark",
          "kitefin shark"
        ],
        [
          "Dalatiidae",
          "Dalatiidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Scyliorhinus canicula or Scyliorhinus stellaris"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "Scyliorhinus canicula",
          "Scyliorhinus canicula#Translingual"
        ],
        [
          "Scyliorhinus stellaris",
          "Scyliorhinus stellaris#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(UK) Scyliorhinus canicula or Scyliorhinus stellaris"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Scyliorhinus canicula"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "Scyliorhinus canicula",
          "Scyliorhinus canicula#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Azores Is.) Scyliorhinus canicula"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Canadian English",
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Squalus suckleyi"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Canada) Squalus suckleyi"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Bermudian English",
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Mustelus canis"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Bermuda",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Bermuda) Mustelus canis"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Barbadian English",
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Bodianus rufus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Barbados) Bodianus rufus"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Barbados"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
        "Guyanese English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Ginglymostoma cirratum or Mustelus canis"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Guyana) Ginglymostoma cirratum or Mustelus canis"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Guyana"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
        "Trinidad and Tobago English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Ginglymostoma cirratum"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Trinidad and Tobago) Ginglymostoma cirratum"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Trinidad-and-Tobago"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
        "Namibian English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "Squalus acanthias, Squalus blainville, Squalus megalops, or Squalus mitsukurii"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shark",
          "shark"
        ],
        [
          "Squalus acanthias",
          "Squalus acanthias#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Any of various small sharks",
        "(Namibia) Squalus acanthias, Squalus blainville, Squalus megalops, or Squalus mitsukurii"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Namibia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "American English",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1967, George K. Reid, edited by Herbert S. Zim and George S. Fichter, Pond Life, New York: Golden Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 128",
          "text": "Bowfins, sometimes called Dog-fish, live in sluggish waters throughout eastern N.A.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The bowfin, Amia calva."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bowfin",
          "bowfin"
        ],
        [
          "Amia calva",
          "Amia calva#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(US) The bowfin, Amia calva."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "seadog"
    },
    {
      "word": "dog-fish"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "köpek balığı",
      "sense": "small shark",
      "word": "كوپك بالغی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "small shark",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cação"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
      "word": "piikkihai"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Dornhai"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "skúlion",
      "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "σκύλιον"
    },
    {
      "code": "nuk",
      "lang": "Nootka",
      "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
      "word": "yačaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "galhudo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "esqualídeo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cação"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "shark in family Squalidae",
      "word": "bilingbiling"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "small sharks of the Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae families",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Dornhaiartige"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "galeós",
      "sense": "small sharks of the Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae families",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "γαλεός"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "small sharks of the Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae families",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fíogach"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "small sharks of the Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae families",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pescecane"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "small sharks of the Scyliorhinidae, Dalatiidae and Squalidae families",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cação"
    }
  ],
  "word": "dogfish"
}