"derajat" meaning in All languages combined

See derajat on Wiktionary

Noun [Indonesian]

IPA: [dəˈrad͡ʒat̚] Forms: dêrajat [canonical], derajatku [first-person, possessive], derajatmu [possessive, second-person], derajatnya [possessive, third-person]
Rhymes: -d͡ʒat, -at, -t Etymology: From Malay darjah, derajat, from Classical Malay درجه (darjah), درجه (derajat), from Arabic دَرَجَات (darajāt), plural form of دَرَجَة (daraja, “degree”). Etymology templates: {{inh|id|ms|darjah}} Malay darjah, {{m|ms|derajat}} derajat, {{inh|id|ms-cla|درجه|tr=darjah}} Classical Malay درجه (darjah), {{m|ms-cla|درجه|tr=derajat}} درجه (derajat), {{der|id|ar|دَرَجَات}} Arabic دَرَجَات (darajāt), {{m|ar|دَرَجَة|t=degree}} دَرَجَة (daraja, “degree”) Head templates: {{id-noun|head=dêrajat|pl=-}} dêrajat (first-person possessive derajatku, second-person possessive derajatmu, third-person possessive derajatnya)
  1. degree:
    social standing: a stage of rank or privilege.
    Synonyms: martabat, pangkat, tingkatan
    Sense id: en-derajat-id-noun-t6ec8D6v Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Indonesian terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 23 8 20 21 20 8 0 Disambiguation of Indonesian terms with redundant script codes: 21 11 17 23 20 8 1
  2. degree:
    (education) a stage of proficiency or qualification in a course of study, now especially an award bestowed by a university or, in some countries, a college, as a certification of academic achievement.
    Categories (topical): Education
    Sense id: en-derajat-id-noun--iKc1NtK Categories (other): Indonesian terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Indonesian terms with redundant script codes: 21 11 17 23 20 8 1 Topics: education
  3. degree:
    (geometry) a unit of measurement of angle equal to ¹⁄₃₆₀ of a circle's circumference.
    Categories (topical): Geometry
    Sense id: en-derajat-id-noun-3UMONkgL Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Indonesian terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 23 8 20 21 20 8 0 Disambiguation of Indonesian terms with redundant script codes: 21 11 17 23 20 8 1 Topics: geometry, mathematics, sciences
  4. degree:
    (physics) a unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit.
    Categories (topical): Physics
    Sense id: en-derajat-id-noun-2VJMrHer Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Indonesian terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 23 8 20 21 20 8 0 Disambiguation of Indonesian terms with redundant script codes: 21 11 17 23 20 8 1 Topics: natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics
  5. degree:
    (geography) a unit of measurement of latitude and longitude which together identify a location on the Earth's surface.
    Categories (topical): Geography
    Sense id: en-derajat-id-noun-1Es-VcND Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Indonesian terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 23 8 20 21 20 8 0 Disambiguation of Indonesian terms with redundant script codes: 21 11 17 23 20 8 1 Topics: geography, natural-sciences
  6. degree:
    the amount that an entity possesses a certain property; relative intensity, extent.
    Sense id: en-derajat-id-noun-ST8jwOAS
  7. level, rank Synonyms: martabat, pangkat, tingkatan
    Sense id: en-derajat-id-noun-fz9ikD1O
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: darjah (english: Standard Malay)
Derived forms: menyederajatkan, sederajat, derajat busur, derajat hari, derajat keasaman, derajat kebebasan, derajat kekerabatan, derajat kelvin, derajat panas, derajat penjenuhan, derajat penyebaran, derajat polimerisasi

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for derajat meaning in All languages combined (7.8kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "menyederajatkan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sederajat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "derajat busur"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "derajat hari"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "derajat keasaman"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "derajat kebebasan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "derajat kekerabatan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "derajat kelvin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "derajat panas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "derajat penjenuhan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "derajat penyebaran"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "derajat polimerisasi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "darjah"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay darjah",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "derajat"
      },
      "expansion": "derajat",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms-cla",
        "3": "درجه",
        "tr": "darjah"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Malay درجه (darjah)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms-cla",
        "2": "درجه",
        "tr": "derajat"
      },
      "expansion": "درجه (derajat)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "دَرَجَات"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic دَرَجَات (darajāt)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "دَرَجَة",
        "t": "degree"
      },
      "expansion": "دَرَجَة (daraja, “degree”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay darjah, derajat, from Classical Malay درجه (darjah), درجه (derajat), from Arabic دَرَجَات (darajāt), plural form of دَرَجَة (daraja, “degree”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dêrajat",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derajatku",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derajatmu",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derajatnya",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "dêrajat",
        "pl": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "dêrajat (first-person possessive derajatku, second-person possessive derajatmu, third-person possessive derajatnya)",
      "name": "id-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "dê‧ra‧jat"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 8 20 21 20 8 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 11 17 23 20 8 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "social standing: a stage of rank or privilege."
      ],
      "id": "en-derajat-id-noun-t6ec8D6v",
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "martabat"
        },
        {
          "word": "pangkat"
        },
        {
          "word": "tingkatan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "id",
          "name": "Education",
          "orig": "id:Education",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 11 17 23 20 8 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "a stage of proficiency or qualification in a course of study, now especially an award bestowed by a university or, in some countries, a college, as a certification of academic achievement."
      ],
      "id": "en-derajat-id-noun--iKc1NtK",
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "education",
          "education"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "(education) a stage of proficiency or qualification in a course of study, now especially an award bestowed by a university or, in some countries, a college, as a certification of academic achievement."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "education"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "id",
          "name": "Geometry",
          "orig": "id:Geometry",
          "parents": [
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 8 20 21 20 8 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 11 17 23 20 8 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "a unit of measurement of angle equal to ¹⁄₃₆₀ of a circle's circumference."
      ],
      "id": "en-derajat-id-noun-3UMONkgL",
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "geometry",
          "geometry"
        ],
        [
          "measurement",
          "measurement"
        ],
        [
          "angle",
          "angle"
        ],
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "(geometry) a unit of measurement of angle equal to ¹⁄₃₆₀ of a circle's circumference."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geometry",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "id",
          "name": "Physics",
          "orig": "id:Physics",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 8 20 21 20 8 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 11 17 23 20 8 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This planet surface temperature has been increasing about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celcius) since end of 19th century.",
          "text": "Suhu permukaan rata-rata planet ini telah meningkat sekitar 2 derajat Fahrenheit (1 derajat Celsius) sejak akhir abad ke-19.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "a unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit."
      ],
      "id": "en-derajat-id-noun-2VJMrHer",
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ],
        [
          "temperature",
          "temperature"
        ],
        [
          "scales",
          "scales"
        ],
        [
          "Celsius",
          "Celsius"
        ],
        [
          "Fahrenheit",
          "Fahrenheit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "(physics) a unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "id",
          "name": "Geography",
          "orig": "id:Geography",
          "parents": [
            "Earth sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 8 20 21 20 8 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 11 17 23 20 8 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "a unit of measurement of latitude and longitude which together identify a location on the Earth's surface."
      ],
      "id": "en-derajat-id-noun-1Es-VcND",
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "geography",
          "geography"
        ],
        [
          "measurement",
          "measurement"
        ],
        [
          "latitude",
          "latitude"
        ],
        [
          "longitude",
          "longitude"
        ],
        [
          "location",
          "location"
        ],
        [
          "Earth",
          "Earth"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "(geography) a unit of measurement of latitude and longitude which together identify a location on the Earth's surface."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "the amount that an entity possesses a certain property; relative intensity, extent."
      ],
      "id": "en-derajat-id-noun-ST8jwOAS",
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "intensity",
          "intensity"
        ],
        [
          "extent",
          "extent"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "level, rank"
      ],
      "id": "en-derajat-id-noun-fz9ikD1O",
      "links": [
        [
          "level",
          "level"
        ],
        [
          "rank",
          "rank"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "martabat"
        },
        {
          "word": "pangkat"
        },
        {
          "word": "tingkatan"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[dəˈrad͡ʒat̚]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-d͡ʒat"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-at"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-t"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Standard Malay",
      "word": "darjah"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "id:derajat"
  ],
  "word": "derajat"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Indonesian lemmas",
    "Indonesian nouns",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Arabic",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
    "Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay",
    "Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
    "Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
    "Indonesian uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/at",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/at/3 syllables",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/d͡ʒat",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/d͡ʒat/3 syllables",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/t",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/t/3 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "menyederajatkan"
    },
    {
      "word": "sederajat"
    },
    {
      "word": "derajat busur"
    },
    {
      "word": "derajat hari"
    },
    {
      "word": "derajat keasaman"
    },
    {
      "word": "derajat kebebasan"
    },
    {
      "word": "derajat kekerabatan"
    },
    {
      "word": "derajat kelvin"
    },
    {
      "word": "derajat panas"
    },
    {
      "word": "derajat penjenuhan"
    },
    {
      "word": "derajat penyebaran"
    },
    {
      "word": "derajat polimerisasi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "darjah"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay darjah",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "derajat"
      },
      "expansion": "derajat",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms-cla",
        "3": "درجه",
        "tr": "darjah"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Malay درجه (darjah)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms-cla",
        "2": "درجه",
        "tr": "derajat"
      },
      "expansion": "درجه (derajat)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "دَرَجَات"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic دَرَجَات (darajāt)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "دَرَجَة",
        "t": "degree"
      },
      "expansion": "دَرَجَة (daraja, “degree”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay darjah, derajat, from Classical Malay درجه (darjah), درجه (derajat), from Arabic دَرَجَات (darajāt), plural form of دَرَجَة (daraja, “degree”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dêrajat",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derajatku",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derajatmu",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "derajatnya",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "dêrajat",
        "pl": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "dêrajat (first-person possessive derajatku, second-person possessive derajatmu, third-person possessive derajatnya)",
      "name": "id-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "dê‧ra‧jat"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "social standing: a stage of rank or privilege."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "martabat"
        },
        {
          "word": "pangkat"
        },
        {
          "word": "tingkatan"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "id:Education"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "a stage of proficiency or qualification in a course of study, now especially an award bestowed by a university or, in some countries, a college, as a certification of academic achievement."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "education",
          "education"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "(education) a stage of proficiency or qualification in a course of study, now especially an award bestowed by a university or, in some countries, a college, as a certification of academic achievement."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "education"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "id:Geometry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "a unit of measurement of angle equal to ¹⁄₃₆₀ of a circle's circumference."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "geometry",
          "geometry"
        ],
        [
          "measurement",
          "measurement"
        ],
        [
          "angle",
          "angle"
        ],
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "(geometry) a unit of measurement of angle equal to ¹⁄₃₆₀ of a circle's circumference."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geometry",
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Indonesian terms with usage examples",
        "id:Physics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This planet surface temperature has been increasing about 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celcius) since end of 19th century.",
          "text": "Suhu permukaan rata-rata planet ini telah meningkat sekitar 2 derajat Fahrenheit (1 derajat Celsius) sejak akhir abad ke-19.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "a unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ],
        [
          "temperature",
          "temperature"
        ],
        [
          "scales",
          "scales"
        ],
        [
          "Celsius",
          "Celsius"
        ],
        [
          "Fahrenheit",
          "Fahrenheit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "(physics) a unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "id:Geography"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "a unit of measurement of latitude and longitude which together identify a location on the Earth's surface."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "geography",
          "geography"
        ],
        [
          "measurement",
          "measurement"
        ],
        [
          "latitude",
          "latitude"
        ],
        [
          "longitude",
          "longitude"
        ],
        [
          "location",
          "location"
        ],
        [
          "Earth",
          "Earth"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "(geography) a unit of measurement of latitude and longitude which together identify a location on the Earth's surface."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "degree:",
        "the amount that an entity possesses a certain property; relative intensity, extent."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "degree",
          "degree"
        ],
        [
          "intensity",
          "intensity"
        ],
        [
          "extent",
          "extent"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "level, rank"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "level",
          "level"
        ],
        [
          "rank",
          "rank"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "martabat"
        },
        {
          "word": "pangkat"
        },
        {
          "word": "tingkatan"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[dəˈrad͡ʒat̚]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-d͡ʒat"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-at"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-t"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "Standard Malay",
      "word": "darjah"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "id:derajat"
  ],
  "word": "derajat"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.