See dark matter on Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "Calque of German Dunkle Materie, from dunkel (“dark”) and Materie (“matter”). Coined by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky in German in 1933, to account for the apparent mass needed to account for galaxy clusters, where the mass of luminous matter did not add up to enough of a gravitational effect, inferring nonluminous matter must exist to account for the missing mass. The term gained new popularity due to the missing mass found in galaxies to account for galaxy rotation curves discovered by Vera Rubin in research published in English in the 1970s.",
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"_dis1": "50 50",
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"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Matter",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2001, Susan M. Fitzpatrick, John T. Brue, Carving Our Destiny: Scientific Research Faces a New Millennium:",
"text": "The evidence for dark matter in galaxies started to accumulate in the mid-1970s. By the following decade it became clear that essentially all galaxies, including our own Milky Way, are surrounded by extensive halos of dark matter.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, L. Bergström, A. Goobar, “Particle Astrophysics and the Dark Sector of the Universe”, in John W. Mason, editor, Astrophysics Update, pages 124–125:",
"text": "On large scales like that of clusters of galaxies, gravitational lensing indicates that the dark matter is smoothly distributed, on the average.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Matter which cannot be detected by its radiation but whose presence is inferred from gravitational effects."
],
"id": "en-dark_matter-en-noun-AklINdFa",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"astrophysics",
"astrophysics"
],
[
"Matter",
"matter#English"
],
[
"detected",
"detected"
],
[
"radiation",
"radiation"
],
[
"inferred",
"inferred"
],
[
"gravitational",
"gravitational"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy, astrophysics, broadly) Matter which cannot be detected by its radiation but whose presence is inferred from gravitational effects."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"astrophysics",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "donker materie"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mādda maẓlima",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَادَّة مَظْلِمَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mutʻ materia",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "մութ մատերիա"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "materia escuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "qaranlıq maddə"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "materia ilun"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cjómnaja matéryja",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цёмная матэ́рыя"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎ́mna matérija",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тъ́мна мате́рия"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matèria fosca"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "暗物質"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ànwùzhì",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "暗物质"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "tĕksĕm jămlăh",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "тӗксӗм йӑмлӑх"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "temná hmota"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "mørkt stof"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "mørk materie"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "donkere materie"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "malluma materio"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "tumeaine"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dimmevni"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "pimeä aine"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matière noire"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matière sombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materia escura"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materia negra"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bneli maṭeria",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "ბნელი მატერია"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dunkle Materie"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skoteiní ýli",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σκοτεινή ύλη"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "חומר אפל"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "sötét anyag"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "hulduefni"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "materio obskura"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "materi gelap"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "damhna dorcha"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materia oscura"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"alt": "あんこくぶっしつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ankoku busshitsu",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "暗黒物質"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "dākumatā",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "ダークマター"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "ḍārk myāṭar",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "ಡಾರ್ಕ್ ಮ್ಯಾಟರ್"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qarañğy materiä",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "қараңғы материя"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "amheuk muljil",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "암흑 물질"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tumšā matērija"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tamsioji medžiaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nematomoji medžiaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tamsioji materija"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "témna matérija",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тéмна матéрија"
},
{
"_dis1": "58 42",
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},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "materia ilun"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "cjómnaja matéryja",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цёмная матэ́рыя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tǎ́mna matérija",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тъ́мна мате́рия"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matèria fosca"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "暗物質"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ànwùzhì",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "暗物质"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "tĕksĕm jămlăh",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "тӗксӗм йӑмлӑх"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "temná hmota"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "mørkt stof"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "mørk materie"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "donkere materie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "malluma materio"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "tumeaine"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "dimmevni"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "pimeä aine"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matière noire"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matière sombre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materia escura"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materia negra"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bneli maṭeria",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "ბნელი მატერია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Dunkle Materie"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skoteiní ýli",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σκοτεινή ύλη"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "חומר אפל"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "sötét anyag"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "hulduefni"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "materio obskura"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "materi gelap"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "damhna dorcha"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materia oscura"
},
{
"alt": "あんこくぶっしつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ankoku busshitsu",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "暗黒物質"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "dākumatā",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "ダークマター"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "ḍārk myāṭar",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "ಡಾರ್ಕ್ ಮ್ಯಾಟರ್"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qarañğy materiä",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "қараңғы материя"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "amheuk muljil",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "암흑 물질"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tumšā matērija"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tamsioji medžiaga"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nematomoji medžiaga"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tamsioji materija"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "témna matérija",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тéмна матéрија"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "jirim gelap"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mørk materie"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâdde-ye târik",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "ماده تاریک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ciemna materia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matéria escura"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matéria negra"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materie întunecată"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tjómnaja matérija",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тёмная мате́рия"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skrýtaja mássa",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скры́тая ма́сса"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "тамна тва̑р"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "тамна ма̀те̄рија"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tamna tvȃr"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "tamna màtērija"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materia nìvira"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tmavá hmota"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "temná hmota"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tèmna snóv"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "materia oscura"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mörk materia"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sàsăan mêut",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "สสารมืด"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "karanlık madde"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "témna matérija",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тéмна матéрія"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "particles of matter that cannot be detected by their radiation",
"word": "vật chất tối"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"dark matter",
"en:Fritz Zwicky",
"en:Vera Rubin"
],
"word": "dark matter"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dark matter meaning in All languages combined (16.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.