See dáḱru on Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hyx-pro" }, "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Armenian:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xcl", "2": "արտաւսր", "gloss": "tear", "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*draḱru-</i>" }, "expansion": "Old Armenian: արտաւսր (artawsr, “tear”) (< *draḱru-)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old Armenian: արտաւսր (artawsr, “tear”) (< *draḱru-)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xcl", "2": "արտասուք", "gloss": "tears", "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*draḱu-</i>" }, "expansion": "Old Armenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ, “tears”) (< *draḱu-)\nArmenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ), արցունք (arcʻunkʻ)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Old Armenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ, “tears”) (< *draḱu-)\nArmenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ), արցունք (arcʻunkʻ)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "*dakrom", "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dáḱr-o-m</i>" }, "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrom (< *dáḱr-o-m)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrom (< *dáḱr-o-m)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-bry-pro", "2": "*dagr" }, "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *dagr", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *dagr" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "kw", "2": "dagr" }, "expansion": "Cornish: dagr", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Cornish: dagr" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sga", "2": "dér" }, "expansion": "Old Irish: dér, dǽr (Milan glosses)\nMiddle Irish: dér f\nIrish: deoir\nScottish Gaelic: deur\nManx: jeir", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Old Irish: dér, dǽr (Milan glosses)\nMiddle Irish: dér f\nIrish: deoir\nScottish Gaelic: deur\nManx: jeir" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "*dakrū", "pos": "plural or collective" }, "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrū (plural or collective)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrū (plural or collective) < *dáḱruh₂ pl" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-bry-pro", "2": "*dėgr" }, "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *dėgr", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *dėgr" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "wlm", "2": "deigyr" }, "expansion": "Middle Welsh: deigyr", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle Welsh: deigyr" }, { "depth": 4, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "deigr" }, "expansion": "Welsh: deigr", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "archaic" }, "expansion": "(archaic)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Welsh: deigr (archaic)" }, { "depth": 5, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "deigryn", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Welsh: deigryn", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Welsh: deigryn" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*tahrą", "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dáḱr-o-m</i>" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tahrą (< *dáḱr-o-m)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Germanic: *tahrą (< *dáḱr-o-m) (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*trahnuz", "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dráḱ-nu-s</i>" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *trahnuz (< *dráḱ-nu-s)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Germanic: *trahnuz (< *dráḱ-nu-s)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grk-pro" }, "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Hellenic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "δάκρυ" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek: δάκρυ (dákru), δάκρυον (dákruon)\nGreek: δάκρυ (dákry)\n→ English: dacryo-", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Ancient Greek: δάκρυ (dákru), δάκρυον (dákruon)\nGreek: δάκρυ (dákry)\n→ English: dacryo-" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-pro", "2": "", "der": "1", "qq": "+ <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*-meh₂</i>" }, "expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: (+ *-meh₂)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: (+ *-meh₂)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-ola", "2": "dacruma", "3": "dacrima" }, "expansion": "Old Latin: dacruma, dacrima", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old Latin: dacruma, dacrima" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "lacruma", "3": "lacrima" }, "expansion": "Latin: lacruma, lacrima", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Latin: lacruma, lacrima (see there for further descendants)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "unclear" }, "expansion": "unclear", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "xcl", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Old Armenian", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*trahnuz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trahnuz", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Linked to *h₂éḱru in some way, but the derivation is unclear. One possibility is that it is a contraction from earlier *dh₂éḱru, from the compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱru (“eye-bitter”). This hypothesis explains the Old Armenian reflexes and Proto-Germanic *trahnuz well, but creates other questions. Even aside from the lack of known phonological parallels to such a contraction, it is unclear why the root *derḱ- was used rather than the main word for “eye” in Proto-Indo-European, *h₃ókʷs, though C.J. Ruijgh suggests that the semantic distinction was a meaning “fixed eye” for the former.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ine-decl-noun-n", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "dáḱru", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "dáḱruh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dáḱru", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "dáḱruh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "dáḱru", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "dáḱruh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱréws", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "dḱréwoHom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱréws", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúmos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúbʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱréwey", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúmos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúbʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱréw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dḱréwi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "locative" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúsu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "instrumental" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúmis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúbʰis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "noun", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "6": "", "f2nolink": "1", "g": "n", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "", "head2": "", "head3": "", "head4": "", "head5": "" }, "expansion": "*dáḱru n", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "dáḱru", "2": "dḱréw", "ac": "proterokinetic" }, "name": "ine-decl-noun-n" } ], "lang": "Proto-Indo-European", "lang_code": "ine-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dáḱru", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "tear (in the eyes)" ], "id": "en-dáḱru-ine-pro-noun-zjBdK8OM", "links": [ [ "tear", "tear" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "h₂éḱru" }, { "word": "dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱru" }, { "word": "dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱ-wr̥?" }, { "word": "dr̥h₂éḱru" }, { "word": "dr̥h₂éḱwr̥?" }, { "word": "dráḱru" }, { "word": "dráḱwr̥?" }, { "word": "dráḱr̥?" }, { "roman": "Celto-Germanic", "word": "dáḱr-o-m" } ], "tags": [ "neuter", "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "dáḱru" }
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "hyx-pro" }, "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Armenian:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xcl", "2": "արտաւսր", "gloss": "tear", "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*draḱru-</i>" }, "expansion": "Old Armenian: արտաւսր (artawsr, “tear”) (< *draḱru-)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old Armenian: արտաւսր (artawsr, “tear”) (< *draḱru-)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "xcl", "2": "արտասուք", "gloss": "tears", "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*draḱu-</i>" }, "expansion": "Old Armenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ, “tears”) (< *draḱu-)\nArmenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ), արցունք (arcʻunkʻ)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Old Armenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ, “tears”) (< *draḱu-)\nArmenian: արտասուք (artasukʻ), արցունք (arcʻunkʻ)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "*dakrom", "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dáḱr-o-m</i>" }, "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrom (< *dáḱr-o-m)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrom (< *dáḱr-o-m)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-bry-pro", "2": "*dagr" }, "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *dagr", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *dagr" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "kw", "2": "dagr" }, "expansion": "Cornish: dagr", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Cornish: dagr" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sga", "2": "dér" }, "expansion": "Old Irish: dér, dǽr (Milan glosses)\nMiddle Irish: dér f\nIrish: deoir\nScottish Gaelic: deur\nManx: jeir", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Old Irish: dér, dǽr (Milan glosses)\nMiddle Irish: dér f\nIrish: deoir\nScottish Gaelic: deur\nManx: jeir" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "*dakrū", "pos": "plural or collective" }, "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrū (plural or collective)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Celtic: *dakrū (plural or collective) < *dáḱruh₂ pl" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-bry-pro", "2": "*dėgr" }, "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *dėgr", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *dėgr" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "wlm", "2": "deigyr" }, "expansion": "Middle Welsh: deigyr", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle Welsh: deigyr" }, { "depth": 4, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "deigr" }, "expansion": "Welsh: deigr", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "archaic" }, "expansion": "(archaic)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Welsh: deigr (archaic)" }, { "depth": 5, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cy", "2": "deigryn", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Welsh: deigryn", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Welsh: deigryn" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*tahrą", "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dáḱr-o-m</i>" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tahrą (< *dáḱr-o-m)", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Germanic: *tahrą (< *dáḱr-o-m) (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*trahnuz", "qq": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*dráḱ-nu-s</i>" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *trahnuz (< *dráḱ-nu-s)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Germanic: *trahnuz (< *dráḱ-nu-s)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grk-pro" }, "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Hellenic:" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "δάκρυ" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek: δάκρυ (dákru), δάκρυον (dákruon)\nGreek: δάκρυ (dákry)\n→ English: dacryo-", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Ancient Greek: δάκρυ (dákru), δάκρυον (dákruon)\nGreek: δάκρυ (dákry)\n→ English: dacryo-" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-pro", "2": "", "der": "1", "qq": "+ <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*-meh₂</i>" }, "expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: (+ *-meh₂)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: (+ *-meh₂)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-ola", "2": "dacruma", "3": "dacrima" }, "expansion": "Old Latin: dacruma, dacrima", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old Latin: dacruma, dacrima" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "lacruma", "3": "lacrima" }, "expansion": "Latin: lacruma, lacrima", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Latin: lacruma, lacrima (see there for further descendants)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "unclear" }, "expansion": "unclear", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "xcl", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Old Armenian", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*trahnuz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trahnuz", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Linked to *h₂éḱru in some way, but the derivation is unclear. One possibility is that it is a contraction from earlier *dh₂éḱru, from the compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱru (“eye-bitter”). This hypothesis explains the Old Armenian reflexes and Proto-Germanic *trahnuz well, but creates other questions. Even aside from the lack of known phonological parallels to such a contraction, it is unclear why the root *derḱ- was used rather than the main word for “eye” in Proto-Indo-European, *h₃ókʷs, though C.J. Ruijgh suggests that the semantic distinction was a meaning “fixed eye” for the former.", "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ine-decl-noun-n", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "dáḱru", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "dáḱruh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dáḱru", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "dáḱruh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "dáḱru", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dáḱr̥wih₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "dáḱruh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱréws", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "dḱréwoHom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱréws", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúmos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúbʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱréwey", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúmos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúbʰos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱréw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "dḱréwi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "locative" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúsu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "instrumental" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúmis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "dḱrúbʰis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "noun", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "6": "", "f2nolink": "1", "g": "n", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "", "head2": "", "head3": "", "head4": "", "head5": "" }, "expansion": "*dáḱru n", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "dáḱru", "2": "dḱréw", "ac": "proterokinetic" }, "name": "ine-decl-noun-n" } ], "lang": "Proto-Indo-European", "lang_code": "ine-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dáḱru", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Indo-European lemmas", "Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns", "Proto-Indo-European nouns", "Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic neuter u-stem nouns", "Proto-Indo-European terms with unknown etymologies", "ine-pro:Bodily fluids" ], "glosses": [ "tear (in the eyes)" ], "links": [ [ "tear", "tear" ] ], "tags": [ "neuter", "reconstruction" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "h₂éḱru" }, { "word": "dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱru" }, { "word": "dr̥ḱ-h₂éḱ-wr̥?" }, { "word": "dr̥h₂éḱru" }, { "word": "dr̥h₂éḱwr̥?" }, { "word": "dráḱru" }, { "word": "dráḱwr̥?" }, { "word": "dráḱr̥?" }, { "roman": "Celto-Germanic", "word": "dáḱr-o-m" } ], "word": "dáḱru" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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