See cyning on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyning"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Old English cyning",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "king",
"3": "knez"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of king and knez",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Old English cyning. Doublet of king and knez.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cynings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cyning (plural cynings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1805, Sharon Turner, “The King’s Election and Coronation”, in The History of the Manners, Landed Property, Government, Laws, Poetry, Literature, Religion, and Language, of the Anglo-Saxons, “The Government of the Anglo-Saxons”, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], page 247:",
"text": "The firſt cynings of the Anglo Saxons ſeem to have been their war-kings, continued for life, and the crown was not hereditary, but elective.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884, William Brockie, “Preface”, in The Gypsies of Yetholm: Historical, Traditional, Philological, and Humorous, Kelso: J. & J. H. Rutherfurd, […], page iii:",
"text": "To write the history of the numerous Gypsy dynasties in the British Isles, from the somewhat mythical days of Johnnie Faa to the demise of the last of his royal house who claimed and bore the royal title, would be a more difficult task than to trace and verify the genealogy of the petty cynings and bretwaldas of the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy up to Hengist, Horsa, and Ida, and thence back to Thor and Odin.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912, Charles M. Doughty, The Clouds, Duckworth & Co., page 43:",
"text": "Then Saxon cynings ruled, with various fortune, / Six centuries; ( fighting ofttimes, king against king.)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Steve Mollmann, Michael Schuster, “The Future Begins”, in What’s Past (Star Trek: Corps of Engineers), Gallery Books, →ISBN, page 176:",
"text": "According to the public record, a dispute over some action of Iamor’s—Scotty had a good idea what action that was—had split the party asunder, meaning no one was able to achieve the majority in the Witenagemot necessary to create a functioning government. Unfortunately, one of the planet’s many provincial cynings had taken advantage of the lull in authority to revive a long-standing grudge with another cyning, weapons had been fired, and any chance of a unified Kropasar reemerging had died in the ensuing chaos.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An Anglo-Saxon (early English) king."
],
"id": "en-cyning-en-noun-Tv4FwCTH",
"links": [
[
"Anglo-Saxon",
"Anglo-Saxon"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɪnɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "cyning"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "king"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cyning",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cyning (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cyning (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuning"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuningaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuningaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to procreate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to procreate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cynn",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "cynn + -ing",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to procreate”). Equivalent to cynn + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cyning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cyningas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cyning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cyningas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cyninges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cyninga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cyninge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cyningum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "cyning",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cyning m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "cyning"
},
"expansion": "cyning m",
"name": "ang-noun"
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"inflection_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "cyning"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cyning",
"2": "cyningas",
"3": "cyning",
"4": "cyningas",
"5": "cyninges",
"6": "cyninga",
"7": "cyninge",
"8": "cyningum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English terms suffixed with -ing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Monarchy",
"orig": "ang:Monarchy",
"parents": [
"Forms of government",
"High society",
"Government",
"Society",
"Politics",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "cwēn"
},
{
"word": "cyninge"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cyningdōm"
},
{
"word": "gūþcyning"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then the king wept and thanked God for his good will.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints\nþā wēop sē cyning and þancode gode his gōdan wyllan.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"king"
],
"id": "en-cyning-ang-noun-6B3-aYQa",
"links": [
[
"king",
"king"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cyng"
},
{
"word": "cyneg"
},
{
"word": "cynig"
},
{
"word": "cuning"
},
{
"word": "kyning"
},
{
"word": "kining"
},
{
"word": "kuning"
},
{
"word": "cyncg"
},
{
"word": "cyngc"
},
{
"word": "kyningc"
},
{
"word": "kung — Northumbrian"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈky.ninɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈky.niŋɡ]"
},
{
"audio": "ang-cyning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/Ang-cyning.ogg/Ang-cyning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Ang-cyning.ogg"
}
],
"word": "cyning"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyning"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Old English cyning",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "king",
"3": "knez"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of king and knez",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Old English cyning. Doublet of king and knez.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cynings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cyning (plural cynings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Old English",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Old English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪnɪŋ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪnɪŋ/2 syllables"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1805, Sharon Turner, “The King’s Election and Coronation”, in The History of the Manners, Landed Property, Government, Laws, Poetry, Literature, Religion, and Language, of the Anglo-Saxons, “The Government of the Anglo-Saxons”, London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], page 247:",
"text": "The firſt cynings of the Anglo Saxons ſeem to have been their war-kings, continued for life, and the crown was not hereditary, but elective.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884, William Brockie, “Preface”, in The Gypsies of Yetholm: Historical, Traditional, Philological, and Humorous, Kelso: J. & J. H. Rutherfurd, […], page iii:",
"text": "To write the history of the numerous Gypsy dynasties in the British Isles, from the somewhat mythical days of Johnnie Faa to the demise of the last of his royal house who claimed and bore the royal title, would be a more difficult task than to trace and verify the genealogy of the petty cynings and bretwaldas of the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy up to Hengist, Horsa, and Ida, and thence back to Thor and Odin.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912, Charles M. Doughty, The Clouds, Duckworth & Co., page 43:",
"text": "Then Saxon cynings ruled, with various fortune, / Six centuries; ( fighting ofttimes, king against king.)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Steve Mollmann, Michael Schuster, “The Future Begins”, in What’s Past (Star Trek: Corps of Engineers), Gallery Books, →ISBN, page 176:",
"text": "According to the public record, a dispute over some action of Iamor’s—Scotty had a good idea what action that was—had split the party asunder, meaning no one was able to achieve the majority in the Witenagemot necessary to create a functioning government. Unfortunately, one of the planet’s many provincial cynings had taken advantage of the lull in authority to revive a long-standing grudge with another cyning, weapons had been fired, and any chance of a unified Kropasar reemerging had died in the ensuing chaos.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An Anglo-Saxon (early English) king."
],
"links": [
[
"Anglo-Saxon",
"Anglo-Saxon"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɪnɪŋ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪnɪŋ"
}
],
"word": "cyning"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "cwēn"
},
{
"word": "cyninge"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cyningdōm"
},
{
"word": "gūþcyning"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "king"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cyning",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cyning (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cyning (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuning"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuning",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuningaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuningaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to procreate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to procreate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cynn",
"3": "-ing"
},
"expansion": "cynn + -ing",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to procreate”). Equivalent to cynn + -ing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cyning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cyningas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cyning",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cyningas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cyninges",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cyninga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cyninge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cyningum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "cyning",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cyning m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "cyning"
},
"expansion": "cyning m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cyning"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cyning",
"2": "cyningas",
"3": "cyning",
"4": "cyningas",
"5": "cyninges",
"6": "cyninga",
"7": "cyninge",
"8": "cyningum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms suffixed with -ing",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ang:Monarchy"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Then the king wept and thanked God for his good will.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints\nþā wēop sē cyning and þancode gode his gōdan wyllan.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"king"
],
"links": [
[
"king",
"king"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈky.ninɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈky.niŋɡ]"
},
{
"audio": "ang-cyning.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/Ang-cyning.ogg/Ang-cyning.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Ang-cyning.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cyng"
},
{
"word": "cyneg"
},
{
"word": "cynig"
},
{
"word": "cuning"
},
{
"word": "kyning"
},
{
"word": "kining"
},
{
"word": "kuning"
},
{
"word": "cyncg"
},
{
"word": "cyngc"
},
{
"word": "kyningc"
},
{
"word": "kung — Northumbrian"
}
],
"word": "cyning"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cyning meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.