See crampe on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for crampe meaning in All languages combined (8.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tirer sa crampe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French crampe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "Old French crampe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cranpe",
"t": "muscular contraction, cramp"
},
"expansion": "cranpe (“muscular contraction, cramp”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krampa"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krampa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crampe",
"t": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krampō",
"t": "cramp, clasp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grem-",
"t": "to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ger-",
"t": "to unite, collect, forgather"
},
"expansion": "*ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "cramp",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Middle French crampe, from Old French crampe, cranpe (“muscular contraction, cramp”), of Germanic origin, either from Frankish *krampa or from Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”), from *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”). More at cramp.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crampes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crampe f (plural crampes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have stomach cramps.",
"text": "J’ai des crampes abdominales.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cramp (muscular contraction)"
],
"id": "en-crampe-fr-noun-Wid3mVp-",
"links": [
[
"cramp",
"cramp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"iron clamp"
],
"id": "en-crampe-fr-noun-CS6kDDFq",
"links": [
[
"clamp",
"clamp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʁɑ̃p/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-0x010C-crampe.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-crampe.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-crampe.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-crampe.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-crampe.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "crampe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "Old French crampe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cranpe",
"3": "",
"4": "muscular contraction, cramp"
},
"expansion": "cranpe (“muscular contraction, cramp”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krampa"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krampa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crampe",
"4": "",
"5": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krampō",
"4": "",
"5": "cramp, clasp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grem-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"4": "",
"5": "to unite, collect, forgather"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French crampe, cranpe (“muscular contraction, cramp”), either from Frankish *krampa or from Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crampes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "crampes",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "crampe f (plural crampes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crampe f (plural crampes)",
"name": "nrf-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jersey Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"clamp"
],
"id": "en-crampe-nrm-noun-1f3gVMdw",
"links": [
[
"clamp",
"clamp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) clamp"
],
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "crampe"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crampe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: crampe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: crampe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "English: cramp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cramp"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cramp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cramp"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: crampe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: crampe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "French: crampe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: crampe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "calambre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: calambre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: calambre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "Norman: crampe",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Jersey"
},
"expansion": "(Jersey)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Norman: crampe (Jersey)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krampa"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krampa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crampe",
"4": "",
"5": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krampō",
"4": "",
"5": "cramp, clasp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grem-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"4": "",
"5": "to unite, collect, forgather"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of Germanic origin, either from Frankish *krampa or from Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crampe oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "crampes",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crampe",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crampes",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crampe oblique singular, f (oblique plural crampes, nominative singular crampe, nominative plural crampes)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cramp (involuntary muscle spasm)"
],
"id": "en-crampe-fro-noun-FWrgCTAu",
"links": [
[
"cramp",
"cramp"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cranpe"
}
]
}
],
"word": "crampe"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Germanic languages",
"French terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "tirer sa crampe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French crampe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "Old French crampe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cranpe",
"t": "muscular contraction, cramp"
},
"expansion": "cranpe (“muscular contraction, cramp”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krampa"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krampa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crampe",
"t": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krampō",
"t": "cramp, clasp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grem-",
"t": "to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ger-",
"t": "to unite, collect, forgather"
},
"expansion": "*ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "cramp",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Middle French crampe, from Old French crampe, cranpe (“muscular contraction, cramp”), of Germanic origin, either from Frankish *krampa or from Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”), from *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”). More at cramp.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crampes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crampe f (plural crampes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have stomach cramps.",
"text": "J’ai des crampes abdominales.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cramp (muscular contraction)"
],
"links": [
[
"cramp",
"cramp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"iron clamp"
],
"links": [
[
"clamp",
"clamp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʁɑ̃p/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-0x010C-crampe.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-crampe.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-crampe.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-crampe.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-0x010C-crampe.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "crampe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "Old French crampe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cranpe",
"3": "",
"4": "muscular contraction, cramp"
},
"expansion": "cranpe (“muscular contraction, cramp”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krampa"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krampa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crampe",
"4": "",
"5": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krampō",
"4": "",
"5": "cramp, clasp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grem-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"4": "",
"5": "to unite, collect, forgather"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French crampe, cranpe (“muscular contraction, cramp”), either from Frankish *krampa or from Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crampes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "crampes",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "crampe f (plural crampes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crampe f (plural crampes)",
"name": "nrf-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Jersey Norman",
"Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"Norman feminine nouns",
"Norman lemmas",
"Norman nouns",
"Norman terms derived from Frankish",
"Norman terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Norman terms derived from Old French",
"Norman terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Norman terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"clamp"
],
"links": [
[
"clamp",
"clamp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) clamp"
],
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "crampe"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crampe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: crampe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: crampe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "English: cramp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cramp"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cramp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cramp"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: crampe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: crampe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "French: crampe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: crampe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "calambre",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: calambre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: calambre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "crampe"
},
"expansion": "Norman: crampe",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Jersey"
},
"expansion": "(Jersey)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Norman: crampe (Jersey)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krampa"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krampa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crampe",
"4": "",
"5": "cramp"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krampō",
"4": "",
"5": "cramp, clasp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grem-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"4": "",
"5": "to unite, collect, forgather"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of Germanic origin, either from Frankish *krampa or from Middle Dutch crampe (“cramp”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *krampō (“cramp, clasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *grem- (“to bind together, unite; lap, pile, heap”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to unite, collect, forgather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crampe oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "crampes",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crampe",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crampes",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "crampe oblique singular, f (oblique plural crampes, nominative singular crampe, nominative plural crampes)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Frankish",
"Old French terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Old French terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"cramp (involuntary muscle spasm)"
],
"links": [
[
"cramp",
"cramp"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cranpe"
}
],
"word": "crampe"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'crampe oblique singular or', originally 'crampe oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"crampe"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "crampe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'crampe oblique singular or', originally 'crampe oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"crampe"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "crampe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'crampe oblique singular or' in 'crampe oblique singular, f (oblique plural crampes, nominative singular crampe, nominative plural crampes)'",
"path": [
"crampe"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "crampe",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.