See chewen on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chew"
},
"expansion": "English: chew\n→ Pennsylvania German: tschaae",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: chew\n→ Pennsylvania German: tschaae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chow",
"3": "chaw"
},
"expansion": "Scots: chow, chaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: chow, chaw"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēowan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ċēowan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēowan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ċēowan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*keuwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *keuwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kewwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kewwaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ċēowan (strong class 2), from Proto-West Germanic *keuwan, from Proto-Germanic *kewwaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cheweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chewende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to chewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chewest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chewedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cheweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cheweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chewede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cheweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chewynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ychewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chewen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "chew"
},
"expansion": "chewen (third-person singular simple present cheweth, present participle chewende, chewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chewed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chew"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chewynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 35 27 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "enm:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Though first he chews spices and licorice, / To smell sweet before he'd combed his hair.",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 3690–3691:",
"text": "But first he cheweth greyn and lycorys / To smellen sweete, er he hadde kembd his heer.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To chew; to mash food with one's teeth (especially of cud)."
],
"id": "en-chewen-enm-verb-SX5Ae1qL",
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
],
[
"cud",
"cud"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 35 27 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "enm:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And they didn't cry to me from their hearts; instead they whined in their beds. They chewed wheat and wine like cud, then they ran away from me.",
"ref": "a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Osee 7:14”, in Wycliffe's Bible:",
"text": "And thei crieden not to me in her herte, but ȝelliden in her beddis. Thei chewiden code on wheete, and wyn, and thei ȝeden awei fro me.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To consume or digest food or comestibles; to feast upon."
],
"id": "en-chewen-enm-verb-e5kY7ijX"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 30 45 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 19 56 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 29 55 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 27 5 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "enm:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ponder about; to think or reflect upon something."
],
"id": "en-chewen-enm-verb-vlrtHPBs"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To grip or hold onto something with one's teeth."
],
"id": "en-chewen-enm-verb-sWR33HNq",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To grip or hold onto something with one's teeth."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To destroy or injure; to harass or annoy."
],
"id": "en-chewen-enm-verb-9Vu-xWup",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To destroy or injure; to harass or annoy."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃiu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɛu̯ən/",
"note": "from the OE past stem ċēaw-"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɔu̯ən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chewe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chyewe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cheowen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chiewe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chiewen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chiwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chowen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chawen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "chewwenn"
}
],
"word": "chewen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Foods"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chew"
},
"expansion": "English: chew\n→ Pennsylvania German: tschaae",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: chew\n→ Pennsylvania German: tschaae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chow",
"3": "chaw"
},
"expansion": "Scots: chow, chaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: chow, chaw"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēowan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ċēowan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċēowan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ċēowan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*keuwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *keuwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kewwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kewwaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ċēowan (strong class 2), from Proto-West Germanic *keuwan, from Proto-Germanic *kewwaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cheweth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chewende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewed",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to chewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chewest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chewedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cheweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chewen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cheweden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chewede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cheweth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chewynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ychewed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "chewen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "chew"
},
"expansion": "chewen (third-person singular simple present cheweth, present participle chewende, chewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chewed)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chew"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "chewynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Though first he chews spices and licorice, / To smell sweet before he'd combed his hair.",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 3690–3691:",
"text": "But first he cheweth greyn and lycorys / To smellen sweete, er he hadde kembd his heer.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To chew; to mash food with one's teeth (especially of cud)."
],
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
],
[
"cud",
"cud"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And they didn't cry to me from their hearts; instead they whined in their beds. They chewed wheat and wine like cud, then they ran away from me.",
"ref": "a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Osee 7:14”, in Wycliffe's Bible:",
"text": "And thei crieden not to me in her herte, but ȝelliden in her beddis. Thei chewiden code on wheete, and wyn, and thei ȝeden awei fro me.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To consume or digest food or comestibles; to feast upon."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To ponder about; to think or reflect upon something."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To grip or hold onto something with one's teeth."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To grip or hold onto something with one's teeth."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To destroy or injure; to harass or annoy."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To destroy or injure; to harass or annoy."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃiu̯ən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɛu̯ən/",
"note": "from the OE past stem ċēaw-"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɔu̯ən/",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chewe"
},
{
"word": "chyewe"
},
{
"word": "cheowen"
},
{
"word": "chiewe"
},
{
"word": "chiewen"
},
{
"word": "chiwen"
},
{
"word": "chowen"
},
{
"word": "chuen"
},
{
"word": "chawen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "chewwenn"
}
],
"word": "chewen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chewen meaning in All languages combined (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.