See cheval de frise on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cheval de frise meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "cheval de frise",
"4": "",
"5": "Frisian horse"
},
"expansion": "French cheval de frise (“Frisian horse”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French cheval de frise (“Frisian horse”), so named because it was employed by the Dutch (who lacked cavalry) against the Spanish cavalry in their war for independence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chevaux de frise",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chevaux de frise",
"nolinkhead": "1"
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "64 5 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1878, \"Colorado\", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. VI, p. 162",
"text": "The mountains of Colorado were, till a comparatively recent date, richly clothed with forest; but owing partly to natural causes, and still more to the lavish consumption and reckless destruction of the early settlers, the quantity of growing timber in the State is exceedingly small, and before long, if restorative measures are not adopted, the Colorado demand for wood will require to be supplied from without. Whole mountain sides often present the appearance of monstrous cheavaux-de-frise, the dead trunks of the wind-thrown pines being tossed about in all directions."
},
{
"ref": "1909, Major A. Playfair, The Garos, page 92",
"text": "Round the crucified animal long, sharp bamboo stakes are placed, which form chevaux de frise round about it. These commemorate the days when such defences surrounded the villages on all sides to keep off human enemies.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An obstacle made of wood with spikes, for use against attacking cavalry."
],
"id": "en-cheval_de_frise-en-noun-hpt3zUS6",
"links": [
[
"military",
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],
[
"obstacle",
"obstacle"
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[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
],
[
"cavalry",
"cavalry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) An obstacle made of wood with spikes, for use against attacking cavalry."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cavall frisó"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "spansk rytter"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"word": "espanjalainen ratsastaja"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spanischer Reiter"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "friesischer Reiter"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"alt": "拒馬槍",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geomachang",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"word": "거마창"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cervus"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cervulus"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kirpi",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"word": "كرپی"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cal de friză"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 8 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rohatka",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рогатка"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Protective row of spikes or broken glass set into the top of a wall and used to prevent intrusion."
],
"id": "en-cheval_de_frise-en-noun-gj5H2T~i",
"links": [
[
"spike",
"spike"
],
[
"glass",
"glass"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fashion",
"orig": "en:Fashion",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Culture",
"Human",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The jagged edge of 18th-century women's clothing."
],
"id": "en-cheval_de_frise-en-noun-kIKt5zjy",
"links": [
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"fashion",
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[
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[
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, fashion) The jagged edge of 18th-century women's clothing."
],
"tags": [
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],
"topics": [
"fashion",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃəˈvɑːl də ˈfɹiːs/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-cheval de frise.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-us-cheval_de_frise.ogg",
"tags": [
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "59 21 20",
"word": "cheval-de-frise"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cheval de frise"
],
"word": "cheval de frise"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "chevaux de frise",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "cheval de frise m (plural chevaux de frise)",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cheval de frise"
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"id": "en-cheval_de_frise-fr-noun-hV-MmjhK",
"links": [
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"cheval de frise#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃə.val də fʁiz/"
}
],
"word": "cheval de frise"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "cheval de frise",
"4": "",
"5": "Frisian horse"
},
"expansion": "French cheval de frise (“Frisian horse”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French cheval de frise (“Frisian horse”), so named because it was employed by the Dutch (who lacked cavalry) against the Spanish cavalry in their war for independence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chevaux de frise",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chevaux de frise",
"nolinkhead": "1"
},
"expansion": "cheval de frise (plural chevaux de frise)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1878, \"Colorado\", Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. VI, p. 162",
"text": "The mountains of Colorado were, till a comparatively recent date, richly clothed with forest; but owing partly to natural causes, and still more to the lavish consumption and reckless destruction of the early settlers, the quantity of growing timber in the State is exceedingly small, and before long, if restorative measures are not adopted, the Colorado demand for wood will require to be supplied from without. Whole mountain sides often present the appearance of monstrous cheavaux-de-frise, the dead trunks of the wind-thrown pines being tossed about in all directions."
},
{
"ref": "1909, Major A. Playfair, The Garos, page 92",
"text": "Round the crucified animal long, sharp bamboo stakes are placed, which form chevaux de frise round about it. These commemorate the days when such defences surrounded the villages on all sides to keep off human enemies.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An obstacle made of wood with spikes, for use against attacking cavalry."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"obstacle",
"obstacle"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
],
[
"cavalry",
"cavalry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) An obstacle made of wood with spikes, for use against attacking cavalry."
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Protective row of spikes or broken glass set into the top of a wall and used to prevent intrusion."
],
"links": [
[
"spike",
"spike"
],
[
"glass",
"glass"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"en:Fashion"
],
"glosses": [
"The jagged edge of 18th-century women's clothing."
],
"links": [
[
"fashion",
"fashion"
],
[
"jagged",
"jagged"
],
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"clothing",
"clothing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, fashion) The jagged edge of 18th-century women's clothing."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"topics": [
"fashion",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃəˈvɑːl də ˈfɹiːs/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-cheval de frise.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-us-cheval_de_frise.ogg/En-us-cheval_de_frise.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-us-cheval_de_frise.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cheval-de-frise"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cavall frisó"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "spansk rytter"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"word": "espanjalainen ratsastaja"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spanischer Reiter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "friesischer Reiter"
},
{
"alt": "拒馬槍",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "geomachang",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"word": "거마창"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cervus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cervulus"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kirpi",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"word": "كرپی"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cal de friză"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rohatka",
"sense": "obstacle made of wood with spikes",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рогатка"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cheval de frise"
],
"word": "cheval de frise"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "chevaux de frise",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cheval de frise m (plural chevaux de frise)",
"name": "fr-noun"
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],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French multiword terms",
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"French terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"cheval de frise"
],
"links": [
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]
],
"tags": [
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],
"wikipedia": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃə.val də fʁiz/"
}
],
"word": "cheval de frise"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.