See chain mail on Wiktionary
{
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"1": "en",
"author": "Francis Grose",
"page": "15",
"text": "The haubergeon was a coat composed either of plate or chain mail without sleeves : the shirt of mail was much in the form of the shirts now worn, except that it had no sleeves, it was always of chain mail.",
"title": "“A” Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, Illustrated by Plates Taken from the Original Armour in the Tower of London and Other Arsenals, Museums and Cabinets",
"year": "1786"
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"expansion": "1786, Francis Grose, “A” Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, Illustrated by Plates Taken from the Original Armour in the Tower of London and Other Arsenals, Museums and Cabinets, page 15:\nThe haubergeon was a coat composed either of plate or chain mail without sleeves : the shirt of mail was much in the form of the shirts now worn, except that it had no sleeves, it was always of chain mail.",
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],
"etymology_text": "chain + mail; attested since the 1780s.",
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{
"form": "chain mails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
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{
"ref": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 11:",
"text": "Chain mail is formed by a number of iron rings, each ring having four others inserted into it, the whole exhibiting a kind of net work, with circular meshes, every ring separately rivetted; this kind of mail answers to that worn on the ancient breast plates, whence they were denominated loricæ hammatæ, from the rings being hooked together.",
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"ref": "1947, Sergei Eisenstein, translated by X. Danko, edited by G. Ivanov-Mumjiev, compiled by R. Yurenev, Notes of a Film Director, Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, page 36:",
"text": "A few broken broadswords, a helmet and a couple of chain mails preserved in museums are all the relics of those far-off times.",
"type": "quote"
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"ref": "2004, Step into the World of… The Vikings, Bath: Grandreams Books Ltd, →ISBN, page 14:",
"text": "Chain mails were also sometimes attached to the back of Viking helmets to protect the neck.",
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"text": "They wore chain mails over simple brown tunics, war paint still covered their faces in simple streaks, and their long dark hair hung in pony-tails that wrapped about their shoulders or hung down their backs.",
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"id": "en-chain_mail-en-noun-vNkvezLA",
"links": [
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[
"armor",
"armor"
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[
"mesh",
"mesh"
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[
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"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chainmail"
},
{
"topics": [
"mail",
"information"
],
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}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
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"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "thurak"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "zarad",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "زَرَد"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ōġazrah",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "օղազրահ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "timer küldək",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "тимер күлдәк"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "hayman",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "һайман"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "samhkyap",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "သံချပ်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cota de malla"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cota de malles"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "鎖子甲"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suǒzijiǎ",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "锁子甲"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kroužkové brnění"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kroužková zbroj"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ringbrynje"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maliënkolder"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "silmukkapanssari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "rengashaarniska"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotte de mailles"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cota"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "tori",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "თორი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kettenrüstung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kettenpanzer"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "alysidotí panoplía",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αλυσιδωτή πανοπλία"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "páncéling"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "rautapaita"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotta di maglia"
},
{
"alt": "くさりかたびら",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kusarikatabira",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "鎖帷子"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "swaejagap",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "쇄자갑"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "donec posuere"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "armorum"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "verížnica",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вери́жница"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pancirna košula",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "панцирна кошула"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ringbrynje"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brynje"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ringbrynje"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hlenċa"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zere",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "زره"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kolczuga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "cota de malha"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kolʹčúga",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кольчу́га"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lančana košulja"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "верижњача"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "verižnjača"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cota de malla"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ringbrynja"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "örme zincir"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kolʹčúha",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кольчу́га"
}
]
}
],
"word": "chain mail"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From mail.",
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"form": "chain mails",
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"plural"
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}
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{
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],
"glosses": [
"A chain letter."
],
"id": "en-chain_mail-en-noun-FULrNK57",
"links": [
[
"chain letter",
"chain letter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes collectively) A chain letter."
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"countable",
"sometimes",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chain letters collectively",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "ketjukirjeet"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chain letters collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forvarduša"
}
]
}
],
"word": "chain mail"
}
{
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"en:Armor",
"en:Post"
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{
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"etymology_text": "chain + mail; attested since the 1780s.",
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"form": "chain mails",
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"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1947, Sergei Eisenstein, translated by X. Danko, edited by G. Ivanov-Mumjiev, compiled by R. Yurenev, Notes of a Film Director, Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, page 36:",
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"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Step into the World of… The Vikings, Bath: Grandreams Books Ltd, →ISBN, page 14:",
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"type": "quote"
},
{
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"type": "quote"
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"defensive"
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[
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"armor"
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"mesh"
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"metal",
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{
"word": "chainmail"
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{
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"mail",
"information"
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"word": "armor"
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{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "thurak"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "zarad",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "زَرَد"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ōġazrah",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "օղազրահ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "timer küldək",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "тимер күлдәк"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "hayman",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "һайман"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "samhkyap",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "သံချပ်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cota de malla"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cota de malles"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "鎖子甲"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suǒzijiǎ",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "锁子甲"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kroužkové brnění"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kroužková zbroj"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ringbrynje"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "maliënkolder"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "silmukkapanssari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "rengashaarniska"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotte de mailles"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cota"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "tori",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "თორი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kettenrüstung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kettenpanzer"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "alysidotí panoplía",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αλυσιδωτή πανοπλία"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "páncéling"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "rautapaita"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cotta di maglia"
},
{
"alt": "くさりかたびら",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kusarikatabira",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "鎖帷子"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "swaejagap",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "쇄자갑"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "donec posuere"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "armorum"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "verížnica",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вери́жница"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pancirna košula",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "панцирна кошула"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ringbrynje"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brynje"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ringbrynje"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hlenċa"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zere",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "زره"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kolczuga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "cota de malha"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kolʹčúga",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кольчу́га"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lančana košulja"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "верижњача"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "verižnjača"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cota de malla"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ringbrynja"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"word": "örme zincir"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kolʹčúha",
"sense": "a flexible defensive armor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кольчу́га"
}
],
"word": "chain mail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English retronyms",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"en:Armor",
"en:Post"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From mail.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chain mails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "chain mail (countable and uncountable, plural chain mails)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English collective nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A chain letter."
],
"links": [
[
"chain letter",
"chain letter"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes collectively) A chain letter."
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"countable",
"sometimes",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chain letters collectively",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "ketjukirjeet"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chain letters collectively",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forvarduša"
}
],
"word": "chain mail"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chain mail meaning in All languages combined (11.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.