See cestrum on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Cestrum",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "Cestrum",
"name": "taxlink"
}
],
"text": "Translingual: Cestrum"
}
],
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"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Uncertain."
},
"expansion": "Uncertain.",
"name": "unk"
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κέστρον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κέστρον (késtron)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "caedo",
"3": "trum",
"alt1": "caed-",
"gloss1": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "caed- (“to cut”) + -trum",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂id-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂id-",
"name": "der"
},
{
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"2": "caelō",
"3": "",
"4": "carve"
},
"expansion": "Latin caelō (“carve”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n* Possibly borrowed from Ancient Greek κέστρον (késtron) or κέστρος (késtros, “sharpness”), from the root of the verb κεντέω (kentéō, “to prick, sting, stab”).\n* Alternatively, from caed- (“to cut”) + -trum, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂id-, *kh₂eyd- (“to cut, hew”) + *-trom (“instrumental suffix”), related to Latin caelō (“carve”), caelum (“chisel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cestrī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cestra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cestra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
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},
{
"form": "cestra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cestrum<2>"
},
"expansion": "cestrum n (genitive cestrī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
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],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cestrum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Painting",
"orig": "la:Painting",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "la:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "At Rome during the youth of Marcus Varro, Iaia of Cyzicus, who never married, made portraits both with a paintbrush and with a cestrum in ivory, mostly of women, and a large painted panel of an old woman at Naples, also a portrait of herself made with a mirror.",
"ref": "23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Natural History 35.147, (The artist's name here is sometimes alternatively read Lala or Laia)",
"text": "Iaia Cyzicena, perpetua virgo, M. Varronis iuventa, Romae et penicillo pinxit et cestro in ebore imagines mulierum maxime et Neapoli anum in grandi tabula, suam quoque imaginem ad speculum."
},
{
"english": "Anciently there were two types of encaustic painting, with wax and in ivory with a cestrum (that is a small skewer/spit) until fleets started to be painted. This added a third type, using a brush with waxes melted by fire: this method of painting ships is not ruined by sun nor by salt or winds.",
"ref": "23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Natural History 35.149",
"text": "encausto pingendi duo fuere antiquitus genera cera et in ebore cestro id est vriculo donec classes pingi coepere hoc tertium accessit resolutis igni ceris penicillo utendi quae pictura navibus nec sole nec sale ventisve corrumpitur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"some tool used in encaustic painting on ivory"
],
"id": "en-cestrum-la-noun-QIBLNHAq",
"links": [
[
"encaustic",
"encaustic#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cestrōtus"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cestros"
},
{
"word": "cestron"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/ˈkes.trum/"
},
{
"other": "[ˈkɛs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃes.trum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛst̪rum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cestrum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Cestrum",
"2": "genus"
},
"expansion": "Cestrum",
"name": "taxlink"
}
],
"text": "Translingual: Cestrum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Uncertain."
},
"expansion": "Uncertain.",
"name": "unk"
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κέστρον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κέστρον (késtron)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "caedo",
"3": "trum",
"alt1": "caed-",
"gloss1": "to cut"
},
"expansion": "caed- (“to cut”) + -trum",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂id-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂id-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "caelō",
"3": "",
"4": "carve"
},
"expansion": "Latin caelō (“carve”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n* Possibly borrowed from Ancient Greek κέστρον (késtron) or κέστρος (késtros, “sharpness”), from the root of the verb κεντέω (kentéō, “to prick, sting, stab”).\n* Alternatively, from caed- (“to cut”) + -trum, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂id-, *kh₂eyd- (“to cut, hew”) + *-trom (“instrumental suffix”), related to Latin caelō (“carve”), caelum (“chisel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cestrī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cestra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cestra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cestrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cestra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cestrum<2>"
},
"expansion": "cestrum n (genitive cestrī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cestrum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cestrōtus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Painting",
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],
"examples": [
{
"english": "At Rome during the youth of Marcus Varro, Iaia of Cyzicus, who never married, made portraits both with a paintbrush and with a cestrum in ivory, mostly of women, and a large painted panel of an old woman at Naples, also a portrait of herself made with a mirror.",
"ref": "23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Natural History 35.147, (The artist's name here is sometimes alternatively read Lala or Laia)",
"text": "Iaia Cyzicena, perpetua virgo, M. Varronis iuventa, Romae et penicillo pinxit et cestro in ebore imagines mulierum maxime et Neapoli anum in grandi tabula, suam quoque imaginem ad speculum."
},
{
"english": "Anciently there were two types of encaustic painting, with wax and in ivory with a cestrum (that is a small skewer/spit) until fleets started to be painted. This added a third type, using a brush with waxes melted by fire: this method of painting ships is not ruined by sun nor by salt or winds.",
"ref": "23 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Natural History 35.149",
"text": "encausto pingendi duo fuere antiquitus genera cera et in ebore cestro id est vriculo donec classes pingi coepere hoc tertium accessit resolutis igni ceris penicillo utendi quae pictura navibus nec sole nec sale ventisve corrumpitur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"some tool used in encaustic painting on ivory"
],
"links": [
[
"encaustic",
"encaustic#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/ˈkes.trum/"
},
{
"other": "[ˈkɛs̠t̪rʊ̃ˑ]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃes.trum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃɛst̪rum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cestros"
},
{
"word": "cestron"
}
],
"word": "cestrum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cestrum meaning in All languages combined (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.